Multi-Gigabit Microwave and Millimeter-Wave Wireless Communications

by Wells, Jonathan

• ISBN13: 9781608070824
• ISBN10: 1608070824
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 2010-09-30
• Publisher: Artech House

Summary

For decades, microwave radios in the 6 to 50 GHz bands have been providing wireless communications. Recently, newer technologies at the 60 to 100 GHz mm-wave bands have taken advantage of new wireless regulations that are designed to enable ultra-high capacity communications. Exploring this exciting area in depth, this cutting-edge resource offers the latest details on multigigabit wireless communications. The book places emphasis on practical use and applications, but also provides a thorough explanation of important technological underpinnings to give readers a complete understanding of subject. Professionals find clear guidance on system design and link planning, helping them to determine performance levels given the physical limitations of operating in these frequency bands. Supported with over 50 illustrations, the book covers a wide range of critical topics, from the high frequency electromagnetic spectrum and high data rate mm-wave radios, to wireless link margins and path profiling.

Author Biography

Jonathan Wells is the president and managing partner of AJIS LLC, a consulting firm specializing in wireless technology, mobile communications, and emerging wireless fields. He has over 20 years of combined industry, research, academic, and consulting experience. He is a senior member of the IEEE and holds an M.B.A from Massey University in New Zealand and a Ph.D. in microwave physics from the University of Bath in the United Kingdom.

Table of Contents

Preface	p. xi
Acknowledgments	p. xiii
The High Data Rate Wireless Environment	p. 1
Introduction	p. 1
The Electromagnetic Spectrum	p. 2
Management of the Radio Frequency Spectrum	p. 4
Radio Frequency Plans	p. 7
Spectrum for High Data Rate Wireless Transmission	p. 7
High Data Rate Wireless Technologies	p. 9
Microwave and Millimeter-Wave Technologies	p. 11
Free-Space Optics	p. 12
WiFi, WiMAX, and LTE	p. 14
Summary	p. 15
References	p. 16
High-Frequency Wireless Propagation	p. 17
Introduction	p. 17
Electromagnetic Propagation	p. 18
Free-Space Loss	p. 20
Attenuation Due to Atmospheric Gases	p. 23
Regional Variations	p. 25
Altitude Variations	p. 27
Attenuation Due to Rain	p. 31
Attenuation Due to Other Airborne Particles	p. 34
Fog and Clouds	p. 34
Snow and Ice	p. 37
Sand, Dust, and Other Small Particles	p. 38
Attenuation Due to Blockage of the Transmission Path	p. 38
Foliage Losses	p. 38
Diffraction Losses and Fresnel Zones	p. 38
Summary	p. 39
References	p. 40
High Data Rate Wireless Systems	p. 41
Introduction	p. 41
High Data Rate Wireless System Architectures	p. 42
Indoor and Outdoor Architectures	p. 42
Diplexing Architectures	p. 45
High Data Rate Line Protocols	p. 48
PDH	p. 48
SDH/SONET	p. 48
Ethernet	p. 49
Other High Data Rate Line Protocols	p. 51
High Data Rate Wireless Building Blocks	p. 53
Power Supply	p. 53
Data Interface/Multiplexer	p. 54
Modulator	p. 56
Demodulator	p. 63
Transmitter	p. 64
Receiver	p. 67
Combiner	p. 68
Antenna	p. 69
Summary	p. 73
Reference	p. 74
Multi-Gigabit Microwave Radios	p. 75
Introduction	p. 75
Characteristics of the Microwave Bands	p. 76
Frequency Bands and Channel Sizes	p. 76
Rules and Regulations	p. 78
Licensing	p. 81
System Characteristics	p. 83
Market Applications	p. 83
Mobile Backhaul	p. 84
Enterprise Connectivity	p. 85
Methods for Achieving Gigabit Per Second Data Rates	p. 86
Single Channel Transmission	p. 86
Adjacent Channel Transmission	p. 91
Dual-Polarization Transmission	p. 93
Dual Channel Dual Polarization	p. 96
Data Compression	p. 96
MIMO	p. 99
The Future?	p. 100
Higher-Order Modulations	p. 100
Channel Bonding	p. 100
Higher Frequency Bands	p. 101
Summary	p. 101
References	p. 102
Multi-Gigabit 60-GHz Millimeter-Wave Radios	p. 103
Introduction	p. 103
Characteristics of the 60-GHz Band	p. 104
Frequency Bands and Channel Sizes	p. 104
Rules and Regulations	p. 106
Propagation Impediments	p. 117
60-GHz Market Applications	p. 118
Point-to-Point Outdoor Connections	p. 118
WLAN Connections	p. 118
60-GHz WLAN Standards	p. 121
WirelessHD	p. 122
IEEE 802.15.3c	p. 124
ECMA-387/ISO/IEC 13156	p. 126
IEEE 802.1 1ad	p. 127
WiGig	p. 129
Summary	p. 130
Technology Choices for High Data Rate 60-GHz Devices	p. 130
High Data Rate 60-GHz Systems	p. 131
Outdoor Point to Point	p. 131
WirelessHD	p. 132
Wireless LAN/PAN	p. 134
The Future?	p. 139
Frequency, Channel, and Specification Harmonization	p. 139
Consolidation of 60-GHz WLAN/WPAN Standards	p. 140
Summary	p. 140
References	p. 141
Multi-Gigabit 70/80-GHz and Higher Millimeter-Wave Radios	p. 143
Introduction	p. 143
Characteristics of the 70/80-GHz Bands	p. 144
Frequency Bands and Channel Sizes	p. 144
Rules and Regulations	p. 147
Comparison of FCC and ETSI Rules	p. 155
Licensing	p. 157
System Characteristics	p. 161
70/80-GHz Market Applications	p. 161
Cellular and WiMAX Backhaul	p. 161
Remote Radio Heads/Distributed Antenna Systems	p. 163
Enterprise Connections	p. 164
Fiber Extensions/Backup	p. 164
Other Applications	p. 165
High Data Rate 70/80-GHz Radio Equipment	p. 166
Commercial Equipment	p. 166
System Architectures and Performance Tradeoffs	p. 166
90-GHz and Higher Bands	p. 171
The Future?	p. 172
Increased Performance and Link Distance	p. 172
40 Gbps and 100 Gbps Systems	p. 173
Summary	p. 175
References	p. 176
High Data Rate Wireless Link Design	p. 177
Introduction	p. 177
Link Budget and Fade Margin	p. 178
Example Link Budget	p. 181
Fade Margin Versus Link Distance	p. 182
Link Availability and Distance	p. 187
Availability	p. 187
Rain Statistics	p. 187
Rain Attenuation	p. 193
Rain Cells	p. 194
Example High Capacity Link Availabilities and Distances	p. 196
Improving High Capacity Link Availability and Distance	p. 199
Automatic Transmit Power Control	p. 199
Adaptive Coding and Modulation	p. 200
Adaptive Rate	p. 202
Ring and Mesh Topologies	p. 202
Summary	p. 203
References	p. 204
List of Acronyms and Abbreviations	p. 205
About the Author	p. 215
Index	p. 217
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