Multimedia Signal Processing Theory and Applications in Speech, Music and Communications

by Vaseghi, Saeed V.

• ISBN13: 9780470062012
• ISBN10: 0470062010
• Edition: 1st
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 2007-11-12
• Publisher: WILEY

Summary

Multimedia Signal Processing is a comprehensive and accessible text to the theory and applications of digital signal processing (DSP). The applications of DSP are pervasive and include multimedia systems, cellular communication, adaptive network management, radar, pattern recognition, medical signal processing, financial data forecasting, artificial intelligence, decision making, control systems and search engines.This book is organised in to three major parts making it a coherent and structured presentation of the theory and applications of digital signal processing. A range of important topics are covered in basic signal processing, model-based statistical signal processing and their applications.Part 1: Basic Digital Signal Processing gives an introduction to the topic, discussing sampling and quantization, Fourier analysis and synthesis, Z-transform, and digital filters.Part 2: Model-based Signal Processing covers probability and information models, Bayesian inference, Wiener filter, adaptive filters, linear prediction hidden Markov models and independent component analysis.Part 3: Applications of Signal Processing in Speech, Music and Telecommunications explains the topics of speech and music processing, echo cancellation, deconvolution and channel equalization, and mobile communication signal processing.Covers music signal processing, explains the anatomy and psychoacoustics of hearing and the design of MP3 music coder Examines speech processing technology including speech models, speech coding for mobile phones and speech recognition Covers single-input and multiple-inputs denoising methods, bandwidth extension and the recovery of lost speech packets in applications such as voice over IP (VoIP) Illustrated throughout, including numerous solved problems, Matlab experiments and demonstrations Companion website features Matlab and C++ programs with electronic copies of all figures.This book is ideal for researchers, postgraduates and senior undergraduates in the fields of digital signal processing, telecommunications and statistical data analysis. It will also be a valuable text to professional engineers in telecommunications and audio and signal processing industries.

Author Biography

Saeed Vaseghi is Professor of Communications and Signal Processing at Brunel University’s Department of Electronics and Computer Engineering and is Group Leader for the Communications & Multimedia Signal Processing Group. Previously, Saeed obtained a first in Electrical and Electronics Engineering from Newcastle University, and a PhD in Digital Signal Processing from Cambridge University.
His PhD in noisy signal restoration led to establishment of CEDAR, the world's leading system for restoration of audio signals. Saeed also held a British Telecom lectureship at UEA Norwich, and a readership at Queen's University of Belfast before his move to Brunel.

Table of Contents

Preface	p. xiii
Acknowledgement	p. xvii
Symbols	p. xix
Abbreviations	p. xxiii
Basic Digital Signal Processing	p. 1
Introduction	p. 3
Signals and Information	p. 3
Signal Processing Methods	p. 5
Applications of Digital Signal Processing	p. 8
Summary	p. 23
Fourier Analysis and Synthesis	p. 25
Introduction	p. 25
Fourier Series: Representation of Periodic Signals	p. 27
Fourier Transform: Representation of Nonperiodic Signals	p. 33
Discrete Fourier Transform	p. 48
Short-Time Fourier Transform	p. 57
Fast Fourier Transform (FFT)	p. 59
2-D Discrete Fourier Transform (2-D DFT)	p. 65
Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT)	p. 66
Some Applications of the Fourier Transform	p. 68
Summary	p. 74
z-Transform	p. 79
Introduction	p. 79
Derivation of the z-Transform	p. 81
The z-Plane and the Unit Circle	p. 83
Properties of z-Transform	p. 88
z-Transfer Function, Poles (Resonance) and Zeros (Anti-resonance)	p. 91
z-Transform of Analysis of Exponential Transient Signals	p. 100
Inverse z-Transform	p. 104
Summary	p. 106
Digital Filters	p. 111
Introduction	p. 111
Linear Time-Invariant Digital Filters	p. 113
Recursive and Non-Recursive Filters	p. 115
Filtering Operation: Sum of Vector Products, A Comparison of Convolution and Correlation	p. 117
Filter Structures: Direct, Cascade and Parallel Forms	p. 119
Linear Phase FIR Filters	p. 122
Design of Digital FIR Filter-banks	p. 136
Quadrature Mirror Sub-band Filters	p. 139
Design of Infinite Impulse Response (IIR) Filters by Pole-zero Placements	p. 145
Issues in the Design and Implementation of a Digital Filter	p. 148
Summary	p. 148
Sampling and Quantisation	p. 155
Introduction	p. 155
Sampling a Continuous-Time Signal	p. 158
Quantisation	p. 162
Sampling Rate Conversion: Interpolation and Decimation	p. 166
Summary	p. 171
Model-Based Signal Processing	p. 173
Information Theory and Probability Models	p. 175
Introduction: Probability and Information Models	p. 176
Random Processes	p. 177
Probability Models of Random Signals	p. 182
Information Models	p. 189
Stationary and Non-Stationary Random Processes	p. 199
Statistics (Expected Values) of a Random Process	p. 202
Some Useful Practical Classes of Random Processes	p. 212
Transformation of a Random Process	p. 225
Search Engines: Citation Ranking	p. 230
Summary	p. 231
Bayesian Inference	p. 233
Bayesian Estimation Theory: Basic Definitions	p. 233
Bayesian Estimation	p. 242
Expectation Maximisation Method	p. 255
Cramer-Rao Bound on the Minimum Estimator Variance	p. 257
Design of Gaussian Mixture Models (GMM)	p. 260
Bayesian Classification	p. 263
Modelling the Space of a Random Process	p. 270
Summary	p. 273
Least Square Error, Wiener-Kolmogorov Filters	p. 275
Least Square Error Estimation: Wiener-Kolmogorov Filter	p. 275
Block-Data Formulation of the Wiener Filter	p. 280
Interpretation of Wiener Filter as Projection in Vector Space	p. 282
Analysis of the Least Mean Square Error Signal	p. 284
Formulation of Wiener Filters in the Frequency Domain	p. 285
Some Applications of Wiener Filters	p. 286
Implementation of Wiener Filters	p. 292
Summary	p. 294
Adaptive Filters: Kalman, RLS, LMS	p. 297
Introduction	p. 297
State-Space Kalman Filters	p. 299
Sample Adaptive Filters	p. 307
Recursive Least Square (RLS) Adaptive Filters	p. 309
The Steepest-Descent Method	p. 313
LMS Filter	p. 317
Summary	p. 321
Linear Prediction Models	p. 323
Linear Prediction Coding	p. 323
Forward, Backward and Lattice Predictors	p. 332
Short-Term and Long-Term Predictors	p. 339
MAP Estimation of Predictor Coefficients	p. 341
Formant-Tracking LP Models	p. 343
Sub-Band Linear Prediction Model	p. 344
Signal Restoration Using Linear Prediction Models	p. 345
Summary	p. 350
Hidden Markov Models	p. 353
Statistical Models for Non-Stationary Processes	p. 353
Hidden Markov Models	p. 355
Training Hidden Markov Models	p. 361
Decoding Signals Using Hidden Markov Models	p. 367
HMM in DNA and Protein Sequences	p. 371
HMMs for Modelling Speech and Noise	p. 372
Summary	p. 378
Eigenvector Analysis, Principal Component Analysis and Independent Component Analysis	p. 381
Introduction - Linear Systems and Eigenanalysis	p. 382
Eigenvectors and Eigenvalues	p. 386
Principal Component Analysis (PCA)	p. 389
Independent Component Analysis	p. 393
Summary	p. 412
Applications of Digital Signal Processing to Speech, Music and Telecommunications	p. 415
Music Signal Processing and Auditory Perception	p. 417
Introduction	p. 418
Musical Notes, Intervals and Scales	p. 418
Musical Instruments	p. 426
Review of Basic Physics of Sounds	p. 439
Music Signal Features and Models	p. 447
Anatomy of the Ear and the Hearing Process	p. 451
Psychoacoustics of Hearing	p. 462
Music Coding (Compression)	p. 471
High Quality Audio Coding: MPEG Audio Layer-3 (MP3)	p. 475
Stereo Music Coding	p. 478
Summary	p. 480
Speech Processing	p. 483
Speech Communication	p. 483
Acoustic Theory of Speech: The Source-filter Model	p. 484
Speech Models and Features	p. 490
Linear Prediction Models of Speech	p. 491
Harmonic Plus Noise Model of Speech	p. 492
Fundamental Frequency (Pitch) Information	p. 496
Speech Coding	p. 500
Speech Recognition	p. 510
Summary	p. 525
Speech Enhancement	p. 527
Introduction	p. 528
Single-Input Speech Enhancement Methods	p. 528
Speech Bandwidth Extension - Spectral Extrapolation	p. 547
Interpolation of Lost Speech Segments - Packet Loss Concealment	p. 553
Multi-Input Speech Enhancement Methods	p. 562
Speech Distortion Measurements	p. 565
Summary	p. 569
Echo Cancellation	p. 573
Introduction: Acoustic and Hybrid Echo	p. 573
Telephone Line Hybrid Echo	p. 575
Hybrid (Telephone Line) Echo Suppression	p. 577
Adaptive Echo Cancellation	p. 578
Acoustic Echo	p. 581
Sub-Band Acoustic Echo Cancellation	p. 584
Echo Cancellation with Linear Prediction Pre-whitening	p. 585
Multi-Input Multi-Output Echo Cancellation	p. 586
Summary	p. 589
Channel Equalisation and Blind Deconvolution	p. 591
Introduction	p. 591
Blind Equalisation Using Channel Input Power Spectrum	p. 598
Equalisation Based on Linear Prediction Models	p. 601
Bayesian Blind Deconvolution and Equalisation	p. 603
Blind Equalisation for Digital Communication Channels	p. 611
Equalisation Based on Higher-Order Statistics	p. 616
Summary	p. 623
Signal Processing in Mobile Communication	p. 625
Introduction to Cellular Communication	p. 625
Communication Signal Processing in Mobile Systems	p. 631
Capacity, Noise, and Spectral Efficiency	p. 632
Multi-path and Fading in Mobile Communication	p. 634
Smart Antennas - Space-Time Signal Processing	p. 639
Summary	p. 642
Index	p. 643
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