Music in Childhood From Preschool through the Elementary Grades (with Audio CD)

by Campbell, Patricia Shehan; Scott-Kassner, Carol; Kassner, Kirk

• ISBN13: 9780534595487
• ISBN10: 0534595480
• Edition: 3rd
• Format: Spiral Bound
• Copyright: 2005-06-01
• Publisher: Schirmer

Summary

Part 1: THE MUSICAL CHILD. 1. Multiple Meanings of Music for Children. 2. From Theory to Practice in Teaching Music to Children. 3. Methods of Teaching Music to Children. 4. The Singing Child. 5. Pitch and the Child. 6. The Moving Child. 7. Rhythm and the Child. 8. The Playing Child. 9. The Listening Child. 10. The Creating Child. Part 2: THE FACILITATING TEACHER. 11. Motivation and Management. 12. Curriculum Design. 13. Assessment and Evaluation. 14. Music in an Integrated Curriculum. 15. Music, Children, and Cultural Diversity. 16. Music for Exceptional Children. 17. Technology for Musical Instruction.

Table of Contents

Preface	xi
Part One---The Musical Child	1	(270)
The Multiple Meanings of Music for Children	2	(13)
Musical Learning to Engage Children	3	(1)
Music's Many Functions	3	(3)
Music at the Curricular Core	6	(1)
Children's Musical Capacities	7	(3)
Music's Historical Role in the Curriculum	10	(2)
Music for Children in a Changing Society	12	(1)
A Musical Future	13	(2)
Review	14	(1)
Critical Thinking	14	(1)
Projects	14	(1)
From Theory to Practice in Teaching Music to Children	15	(29)
Stage and Phase Theories	18	(3)
Theories of Musical Play and Socialization	21	(1)
A Constructivist Theory of Meaning Making	22	(2)
Social Learning and Reinforcement Theories	24	(3)
Learning Style Theories	27	(5)
Theories of Instruction	32	(3)
Relating Theory to Practice	35	(7)
The Classroom Environment	35	(1)
What Should the Music Classroom Look Like?	35	(1)
What Should the Music Classroom Feel Like?	36	(1)
What Other Resources Can Enhance a Music Classroom's Potential for Effective Instruction?	36	(1)
What Print, Audio, and Video Materials Should a Teacher Have Available for Music Instruction?	36	(1)
A Child-Centered Curriculum	37	(1)
Know the Children	37	(1)
Begin Where the Children Are	37	(1)
Allow Time for Musical Play and Exploration	37	(1)
Integrate Music into the Other Parts of a Child's Life	38	(1)
The Teacher as Transmitter	38	(1)
Know the Subject Matter	38	(1)
Model the Musical Behaviors	38	(1)
Present with Energy and Enthusiasm	39	(1)
Instructional Strategies	40	(1)
Starting the Class	40	(1)
Ending the Class	40	(1)
Supplying Feedback: The TST	41	(1)
Stimulating Aural Learning	41	(1)
Providing for Repetition and Rehearsal	42	(1)
Informed Teaching	42	(2)
Review	42	(1)
Critical Thinking	42	(1)
Projects	43	(1)
Methods of Teaching Music to Children	44	(22)
Dalcroze: Movement with a Mission	45	(4)
Kodaly: Inner Hearing and Music Literacy	49	(3)
Orff: Expression through Musical Experience	52	(4)
Other Approaches to Music Learning	56	(5)
Comprehensive Musicianship	56	(1)
Gordon's Music Learning Theory	56	(2)
Manhattanville Curriculum Project	58	(1)
Music in Education	59	(1)
Education through Music	60	(1)
Weikert's Movement Sequence	61	(1)
A Comparison of Methods	61	(1)
A Personal Method	61	(5)
Review	65	(1)
Critical Thinking	65	(1)
Projects	65	(1)
The Singing Child	66	(35)
The Developing Child Voice	67	(5)
Physical Training for the Child Voice	72	(5)
Toward Accurate Singing	77	(6)
The Vocal Model	83	(2)
Selecting and Teaching Songs	85	(4)
How to Teach Singing in Parts	89	(7)
Children's Choirs	96	(1)
Assessment of Singing	97	(1)
Reasons to Sing	98	(1)
Scenario	98	(3)
Questions	99	(1)
Review	100	(1)
Critical Thinking	100	(1)
Projects	100	(1)
Pitch and the Child	101	(18)
Growth in Understanding of Linear Pitch Structures	102	(1)
Discrimination and Contour Awareness	103	(4)
Pitch Relations and Melodic Motion	107	(3)
Advanced Pitch Concepts	110	(4)
Growth in Understanding of Vertical Pitch Structures	114	(3)
Helping Children to Think Musically	117	(2)
Review	118	(1)
Critical Thinking	118	(1)
Projects	118	(1)
The Moving Child	119	(36)
Movement and Child Development	121	(4)
Action Songs and Singing Games	123	(1)
Eurhythmics	124	(1)
Creative Movement	124	(1)
Dance	124	(1)
Precepts and Principles of Movement	125	(1)
Prelude to Movement-Based Musical Experiences	125	(6)
Action Songs and Singing Games	127	(4)
Dalcroze Eurhythmics	131	(8)
Creative Movement	139	(3)
Dance	142	(8)
Assessment of Moving	150	(1)
Movement for Musical Development	151	(1)
Scenario	151	(4)
Questions	153	(1)
Review	153	(1)
Critical Thinking	153	(1)
Projects	153	(2)
Rhythm and the Child	155	(35)
Rhythm and Child Development	156	(2)
Rhythm in Speech	158	(5)
Rhythm in Movement	163	(1)
The Pulse	164	(1)
Meter	165	(2)
Durations and Their Patterns	167	(11)
Rhythm Mnemonics	178	(3)
Notation for Writing and Reading Rhythms	181	(1)
Syncopations	182	(4)
Polyrhythms	186	(2)
From Natural Rhythms to Rhythmic Training	188	(2)
Review	189	(1)
Critical Thinking	189	(1)
Projects	189	(1)
The Playing Child	190	(32)
Developmental Sequence	191	(3)
The Body as a Percussion Instrument	194	(3)
Nonpitched Percussion Instruments	197	(5)
Gourds	198	(1)
Woods	198	(2)
Skins (Drums)	200	(1)
Metals	201	(1)
Pitched Instruments	202	(10)
Barred Instruments of the Orff Approach	203	(6)
The Recorder	209	(3)
Harmony Instruments	212	(5)
The Autoharp	212	(2)
The Guitar	214	(2)
Keyboards	216	(1)
Assessment of Playing Instruments	217	(1)
The Benefits of Instrumental Study	218	(1)
Scenario	219	(3)
Questions	220	(1)
Review	221	(1)
Projects	221	(1)
The Listening Child	222	(26)
The Centrality of Listening	222	(1)
Growth in Listening	223	(2)
The Development of Perceptive Listening	223	(1)
The Development of Attitudes toward Music	224	(1)
Active Involvement in Listening	225	(17)
Principles in Teaching Music Listening	225	(1)
Listening in Early Childhood Settings	226	(2)
Building Skills of Aural Perception	228	(1)
Deep-Listening	229	(6)
Student Construction of Listening Experiences	235	(2)
Building an Aural Repertoire	237	(1)
Listening Sequence	238	(4)
Assessment of Listening	242	(3)
Keys to Listening	245	(1)
Scenario	246	(2)
Questions	246	(1)
Review	247	(1)
Critical Thinking	247	(1)
Projects	247	(1)
The Creating Child	248	(23)
The Importance of Creativity	248	(1)
Developmental Sequence	249	(1)
Creative Thinking	249	(1)
Creative Processes	250	(17)
Exploration and Discovery	250	(2)
Improvisation	252	(3)
Composition	255	(1)
Structure and Context	255	(3)
Aural Plans	258	(1)
Notational Systems	259	(3)
Inventing Songs	262	(3)
Individualized Plan	265	(1)
Assessment	265	(2)
The Rewards of Nurturing Creativity in Music	267	(1)
Scenario	268	(3)
Questions	268	(1)
Review	269	(1)
Critical Thinking	269	(1)
Projects	269	(2)
Part Two---The Facilitating Teacher	271	(164)
Motivation and Management	272	(28)
What Is Motivation and Where Does It Come From?	274	(6)
Three Sources of Motivation	274	(2)
Drive Reduction Theory of Motivation	276	(1)
Behaviorism: Operant Conditioning	277	(2)
Competition as a Motivator	279	(1)
Foundations of Understanding and Managing Student Behaviors	280	(2)
Understanding the Role of Personal Traits and the Educational Environment	280	(1)
Understanding Self and Others through Enneagrams	280	(1)
Logical Consequences	281	(1)
Setting Up Your Classroom to Nurture Positive Social and Academic Learning	282	(7)
Organizing Classes into Cooperative Learning Groups	282	(2)
Organizing the Classroom and Record Keeping	284	(1)
Learning and Remembering Students' Names	285	(1)
Guidelines for Motivating and Managing Students	286	(1)
Token Prizes	286	(1)
Special Person	287	(2)
Other External Motivators	289	(1)
Strategies for Confronting Inappropriate Behavior	289	(7)
Establishing Expectations and Procedures	290	(1)
Judicious Discipline	291	(2)
Discipline with Love and Logic	293	(1)
Behavior Expectation Forms	293	(1)
Behavior Contracts	294	(2)
The Intervention Thermometer	296	(1)
Scenario	296	(4)
Questions	298	(1)
Review	298	(1)
Critical Thinking	298	(1)
Projects	299	(1)
Curriculum Design	300	(27)
Program Vignettes	300	(1)
The Nature of Curriculum	301	(1)
Types and Sources of Curriculum	302	(3)
National Standards	303	(1)
State and Local Standards	303	(1)
Other Sources of Curriculum	304	(1)
Planning a Curriculum	305	(8)
General Curriculum Content	305	(3)
Early Childhood Planning	308	(1)
K-6 Planning	309	(4)
Implementing a Curriculum	313	(12)
Lesson Planning	313	(1)
The Three-Legged Model	313	(3)
The Problem-Solving Approach	316	(1)
The Quadrant Approach	316	(5)
The Immersed Approach	321	(1)
Thematic and Unit Planning	322	(1)
Curriculum Connections	323	(1)
Topics within Music	323	(2)
Distilling the Essence of Curriculum	325	(2)
Review	326	(1)
Critical Thinking	326	(1)
Projects	326	(1)
Assessment and Evaluation	327	(18)
Evaluation	328	(1)
Testing and Measurement	329	(1)
Assessment	330	(9)
Teacher Assessment of Children	331	(1)
Overt and Covert Behaviors	331	(1)
Questioning	331	(4)
Rubrics	335	(1)
Student Self-Assessment	336	(1)
Peer Assessment	337	(1)
Teacher Self-Assessment	338	(1)
Tracking Student Growth	339	(3)
Record Keeping	340	(1)
Portfolios	341	(1)
Reporting to Parents	342	(1)
Distilling the Essence of Assessment and Evaluation	343	(2)
Review	344	(1)
Critical Thinking	344	(1)
Projects	344	(1)
Music in an Integrated Curriculum	345	(26)
Vignettes of Artistically Rich Music Classrooms	345	(2)
The Invitation to Arts Integration	347	(1)
The Challenges of Arts Integration	348	(2)
Integrating Other Arts into the Music Curriculum	350	(9)
Interdisciplinary Curriculum in the Arts	350	(1)
Shared Curriculum in the Arts	351	(1)
Creative Movement and Dance	351	(2)
Visual Arts	353	(3)
Literature and Poetry	356	(1)
Creative Drama and Theater	357	(2)
Models of Integration	359	(3)
The Thematic Web Design	359	(1)
The Threaded Curriculum	360	(1)
The Immersed Curriculum	361	(1)
Creating Valid Connections	362	(7)
Integrating the Arts Process	363	(1)
The Arts in Social Studies	364	(1)
The Arts in Science and Math	365	(3)
The Arts and Language Arts	368	(1)
Reflections on the Integrated Curriculum	369	(2)
Review	370	(1)
Critical Thinking	370	(1)
Projects	370	(1)
Music, Children, and Cultural Diversity	371	(24)
Definitions	372	(3)
Uncertainties in Teaching New Musical Styles	375	(2)
The Musically Competent Teacher	377	(2)
New Repertoire for Familiar Pedagogies	379	(2)
The Aural-Oral Transmission Process	381	(3)
Curricular Redesign	384	(8)
Many Musical Worlds	392	(1)
Scenario	392	(3)
Questions	393	(1)
Review	394	(1)
Critical Thinking	394	(1)
Projects	394	(1)
Music for Exceptional Children	395	(26)
Who Are Exceptional Children?	397	(1)
Educating Exceptional Children	398	(1)
Mainstreaming and the Music Classroom	399	(2)
IEP in Music	401	(2)
Inclusion in Music Instruction	403	(1)
The Music Classroom and Exceptional Children	403	(15)
Mental Retardation	404	(1)
Learning Disabilities	405	(2)
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder	407	(2)
Emotional or Behavioral Disorders	409	(1)
Sensory Disorders	410	(1)
Hearing Impaired	410	(3)
Vision Impaired	413	(1)
Physical Disabilities	413	(2)
Adapting for Movement	415	(1)
Adapting Instruments and Materials	416	(1)
Gifted and Talented	417	(1)
The Joys of Reaching All Children	418	(1)
Scenario	419	(2)
Questions	419	(1)
Review	420	(1)
Critical Thinking	420	(1)
Projects	420	(1)
Technology for Music Instruction	421	(14)
Music Technology Helps Students Learn in May Ways	422	(1)
Technology Available for Teaching Music	423	(2)
Choosing Music Technology	425	(2)
Guidelines for Evaluating Music Software	427	(1)
Using Technology to Teach Music	428	(4)
Decide Who Will Use the Technology	430	(1)
Sequence Learning in Small Steps	431	(1)
Encourage Child-to-Child Interaction	431	(1)
Consider Incorporating Mastery Learning	431	(1)
Funding Technology-Assisted Instruction in Music	432	(1)
The Likely Future of Technology for Music Teaching	433	(1)
Scenario	433	(2)
Questions	434	(1)
Review	434	(1)
Critical Thinking	434	(1)
Projects	434	(1)
Appendix
The School Music Program: A New Vision	435	(8)
References and Resources	443	(12)
Index	455