Music in European Capitals The Galant Style, 1720-1780

by Heartz, Daniel

• ISBN13: 9780393050806
• ISBN10: 0393050807
• Edition: 00
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 2003-06-17
• Publisher: W. W. Norton & Company

Summary

This volume continues the study of the eighteenth century begun in Haydn, Mozart, and the Viennese School 1740'1780 (1995) by focusing on the capital cities other than Vienna that were most important in the creation and diffusion of new music. It tells of events in Naples, where Vinci and Pergolesi went beyond their pre-1720 models to cultivate opera in a simpler, more direct manner, soon after christened the galant style. No less central was Venice, where Vivaldi perfected the concerto, on which were patterned the early symphonies and the newer kind of sonata. Dresden profited first from all these achievements and became, under Hasse's direction, the foremost center of Italian opera in Germany. Mannheim with its great orchestra did much to shape the modern symphony. A few years later, Paris became paramount, especially for its Opéra-Comique; during the 1770s the Opéra provided Gluck with a stage on which to cap his long international career. The book concludes with a description of Christian Bach in London, Paisiello in Saint Petersburg, and Boccherini in Madrid. This long-awaited book offers a view of eighteenth-century music that is broad and innovative while remaining sensitive to the values of those times and places. One comes away from it with an understanding of the European context behind the triumphs of Haydn and Mozart. Lavishly illustrated with music examples and reproductions, both in black-and-white and color, this master study will be of inestimable importance to scholars, cultural historians, performers, and all music lovers.

Author Biography

After a distinguished debut in the field of Renaissance studies, Daniel Heartz, who holds a Ph.D. from Harvard University, became one of the outstanding scholars in the field of eighteenth-century studies. Recipient of many awards, including Guggenheim fellowships, the Dent Medal of the Royal Musical Association of Great Britain, two ASCAP-Deems Taylor awards, and the Kinkeldey Award of the American Musicological Society, Heartz has served on the boards of the AMS, the International Musicological Society, and the American Society for Eighteenth-Century Studies. He joined the faculty at the University of California, Berkeley, in 1960, served as department chairman from 1968 to 1972, and became emeritus in 1994. He was elected an Honorary Member of the AMS in 2000

Table of Contents

List of Illustrations	xv
Preface	xxi
Prologue: Three Rococo Idylls	3	(64)
Watteau, Galant Cynosure	3	(21)
A New Art of Visual Enchantment	4	(7)
European Vogue	11	(5)
The Galant Style	16	(8)
Two Sirens: Farinelli and Metastasio	24	(21)
A New Art of Poetic Enchantment	24	(8)
The Peerless Singer	32	(7)
Castrati on Stage	39	(6)
Burney and the Grand Tour	45	(22)
Quantz Recalls the 1720s	46	(4)
Brosses in Italy, 1739--40	50	(3)
Travelers in the 1760s and 1770s	53	(14)
Naples	67	(104)
Conservatories	69	(10)
Vinci	79	(24)
Commedia Per Musica	79	(7)
Dramma Per Musica	86	(2)
Didone Abbandonata	88	(4)
Artaserse	92	(7)
The Vinci Legend	99	(4)
Pergolesi	103	(23)
La Serva Padrona	107	(7)
A New Regime	114	(1)
L'Olimpiade	115	(6)
Stabat Mater	121	(5)
Teatro San Carlo	126	(4)
Leo	130	(13)
Jommelli	143	(13)
La Passione Di Gesu Cristo	147	(9)
Piccinni	156	(15)
La Buona Figliuola	157	(5)
Burney at the Opera	162	(3)
Galiani's Letters	165	(6)
Venice	171	(124)
Tributaries, Rivals, Polity	171	(7)
The Ospedali	178	(10)
Vivaldi	188	(20)
Priest, Violinist, and Musical Genius	188	(2)
Operas	190	(8)
Concertos	198	(4)
The Four Seasons	202	(6)
Veracini and Locatelli	208	(12)
Tartini	220	(10)
Sammartini of Milan and the Symphony	230	(13)
The Keyboard	243	(13)
Galuppi	256	(39)
Predecessors, Training, Early Successes	256	(4)
Sacred Music	260	(4)
Opera Seria	264	(11)
Goldonian Opera Buffa	275	(9)
``Brave Galuppi''	284	(11)
Dresden and Berlin	295	(146)
Saxony's Wettin Dynasty	295	(11)
Early Opera	298	(2)
Wedding Festivities	300	(4)
Aftermath	304	(2)
Hasse	306	(22)
Early Years	306	(3)
Artaserse	309	(12)
Cleofide	321	(7)
The Royal Chapel under Heinichen and Zelenka	328	(5)
Hasse's Zenith	333	(13)
Dresden's Nadir	346	(3)
Burney Visits Dresden	349	(5)
Prince Frederick of Prussia	354	(6)
Carl Heinrich Graun	360	(13)
Montezuma	366	(7)
Quantz and the Royal Chamber Music	373	(5)
Other Musicians in Prussian Service	378	(7)
Burney in Berlin	385	(4)
Carl Philipp Emanuel Bach	389	(35)
Keyboard Sonatas	395	(18)
Concertos	413	(11)
Singspiel	424	(17)
Beginnings	424	(4)
Hiller's Die Jagd	428	(8)
The 1770s	436	(5)
Stuttqart and Mannheim	441	(154)
Carl Eugen, Duke of Wurttemberg	443	(11)
Jommelli's Operas	454	(31)
L'Olimpiade	459	(9)
Didone Abbandonata	468	(6)
Fetonte	474	(7)
Postlude	481	(4)
Noverre's Ballets	485	(9)
Deller's Orfeo ed Euridice	488	(6)
The Building of Mannheim	494	(4)
Elector Carl Theodore	498	(7)
Stamitz: Life of a Virtuoso Violinist	505	(5)
The Symphony	510	(39)
Stamitz	510	(11)
Richter and Holzbauer	521	(9)
Anton Fils	530	(2)
Cannabich	532	(11)
Toeschi and Franzl	543	(6)
Palatine Court Opera	549	(46)
Traetta's Sofonisba	552	(6)
Majo's Ifigenia in Tauride	558	(6)
Johann Christian Bach	564	(5)
Theater in German: Melodrama	569	(9)
Holzbauer's Gunther von Schwarzburg	578	(17)
Paris	595	(106)
Institutions	595	(25)
Churches	596	(6)
L'Academie Royale de Musique	602	(3)
Other Theaters	605	(6)
The Concert Spirituel	611	(6)
Music Publishing	617	(3)
Rameau	620	(10)
Violinist-Composers	630	(17)
Leclair	630	(3)
Mondonville	633	(5)
Guignon and Guillemain	638	(5)
Others	643	(4)
Gossec and the Symphony	647	(15)
Gavinies and Leduc	662	(14)
Concerto and Concertante	676	(9)
Saint-Georges	680	(5)
The Keyboard	685	(16)
Accompanied and Solo Works	687	(2)
Schobert	689	(8)
Fortepiano Versus Harpsichord	697	(4)
Opera-Comique	701	(100)
Vaudeville Comedy	701	(8)
Favart	703	(6)
La Querelle des Bouffons	709	(19)
Rousseau's Le Devin Du Village	712	(7)
Dauvergne's Les Troqueurs	719	(7)
Interlude	726	(2)
Duni	728	(9)
Le Peintre Amoureux de Son Modele	731	(4)
Subsequent Works	735	(2)
Philidor	737	(26)
Apprenticeship	737	(3)
L'Art de La Modulation	740	(2)
Sedaine	742	(2)
Blaise Le Savetier	744	(5)
Le Marechal Ferrant	749	(4)
Le Sorcier and Tom Jones	753	(7)
Ernelinde	760	(3)
Monsigny	763	(15)
On Ne S'Avise Jamais de Tout	764	(3)
Le Roi Et Le Fermier	767	(6)
Le Deserteur	773	(5)
Gretry	778	(23)
Liege, Rome, and Geneva	778	(4)
First Years in Paris	782	(2)
Le Huron and Lucile	784	(3)
Zemire et Azor and After	787	(7)
Richard Coeur-De-Lion	794	(7)
Gluck at the Opera	801	(82)
Preparations	801	(7)
The Visit of 1774--75	808	(22)
Iphigenie en Aulide	812	(15)
Orphee and Alceste	827	(3)
An Homage to Lully and Quinault: Armide	830	(12)
A Neapolitan Rival: Piccinni	842	(10)
Roland	844	(8)
Final Triumph: Iphigenie en Tauride	852	(21)
Successors	873	(10)
Three Apostles of the Galant Style	883	(116)
Christian Bach in London	883	(46)
Apprenticeship: Germany and Italy	883	(11)
The King's Theatre	894	(10)
Instrumental Music	904	(16)
Sacchini and Other Rivals	920	(9)
Paisiello in Saint Petersburg	929	(35)
Russia Under the Tsarinas	929	(10)
Catherine's Favorite	939	(7)
Il Barbiere Di Siviglia	946	(18)
Boccherini in Madrid	964	(35)
Virtuoso Cellist	964	(12)
In the Service of Infante Luis	976	(12)
``The True Genius of the Instruments''	988	(11)
Epilogue	999	(10)
Appendix: Boswell Visits Mannheim in 1764	1009	(4)
List of Works Cited	1013	(28)
Index	1041