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Introduction
The Flashcard App
1 Getting Started in Chemical Calculations
How to Study Chemistry
The Macroscopic and Microscopic Levels of Chemistry
Units of Measurement (SI System)
Significant Figures
Problem Solving by the Unit Conversion Method
2 Atoms, Ions, and Molecules
The Subatomic Particles
Elements
The Periodic Table
Chemical Formulas: Ions and Molecules
Naming Compounds
3 Moles, Stoichiometry, and Equations
Balancing Chemical Equations
Avogadro’s Number and Molar Mass
Moles and Stoichiometry
Limiting Reactant and Percent Yield
Percent Composition and Empirical Formulas
Confronting Mole Problems
4 Aqueous Solutions
Molarity (M)
Solubility and Precipitation
Acids, Bases, and Neutralization
Oxidation-Reduction
Net Ionic Equations
Titrations
5 Gases and Gas Laws
Gas Laws (P, V, n, and T)
Gas Stoichiometry
The Kinetic-Molecular Theory of Gases
Nonideal Gases
Working Gas Law Problems
6 Thermochemistry
Energy and Reactions
Enthalpy (?H)
Hess’s Law
Calorimetry
7 Electrons and Quantum Theory
Light and Matter
Bohr’s Model
Quantum Mechanics
Quantum Numbers and Orbitals
Electron Configuration
Working Matter and Light Problems
8 Periodic Trends
Periodic Table Revisited
Ionization Energy
Electron Affinity
Periodic Trends
9 Lewis Structures and Chemical Bonding
Lewis Symbols
Electronegativity
Ionic Bonds and Lattice Energy
Covalent Bonds
Resonance
Bond Energy and Bond Length
More About Lewis Structures
10 Molecular Geometry and Hybridization
Molecular Geometry (VSEPR)
Valence Bond Theory (Hybridization)
Molecular Orbital (MO) Theory
Molecular Geometry Revisited
11 Solids, Liquids, and Intermolecular Forces
Types of Intermolecular Forces
Properties of Liquids
Solids
Phase Changes
12 Solutions
Concentration Units
Temperature and Pressure Effects on Solubility
Colligative Properties
Colloids
Colligative Properties Problems
13 Kinetics
Reaction Rates
Rate Laws
Integrated Rate Laws (Time and Concentration)
Arrhenius and Activation Energy
Catalysis
Mechanisms
More About Rate Law and Half-Life (t1/2)
14 Chemical Equilibria
Equilibrium
Equilibrium Constants (K)
Le Châtelier’s Principle
Additional Equilibria Problems
15 Acids and Bases
Brønsted–Lowry Acids and Bases
Strength of Acids and Bases
Kw—the Water Dissociation Constant
pH
Acid-Base Equilibrium (Ka and Kb)
Acid-Base Properties of Salts and Oxides
Lewis Acids and Bases
Working Weak Acid and Base Problems
16 Buffers and Additional Equilibria
The Common Ion Effect
Buffers and pH
Titrations and Indicators
Solubility Equilibria (Ksp)
Kf—Complex Ion Equilibria
pH and Titrations Problems
17 Entropy and Free Energy
The Three Laws of Thermodynamics
Entropy
Gibbs Free Energy
Free Energy and Reactions
Working Thermodynamic Problems
18 Electrochemistry
Redox Reactions
Galvanic (Voltaic) Cells
Standard Reduction Potentials (E°)
Nernst Equation
Electrolytic Cells
Electrolysis
19 Chemistry of the Elements
Hydrogen
General Properties of Metals
Band Theory of Conductivity
Periodic Trends in Metallic Properties
General Properties of Nonmetals
Periodic Trends of Nonmetals
Properties of the Transition Metals
Coordination Compounds: Crystal Field Theory
Complex Ions
20 Nuclear Chemistry
Nuclear Reactions
Nuclear Stability
Half-Lives (t1/2)
Mass/Energy Conversions
Fission and Fusion
Nuclear Decay
21 Organic Chemistry, Biochemistry, and Polymers
Organic Compounds
Hydrocarbons and Nomenclature
Functional Groups
Polymers
Proteins
Carbohydrates
Nucleic Acids
Organic Reactions Problems
Answer Key
Periodic Table of the Elements
