Mycobacteria and Human Disease

by Grange, John M.

• ISBN13: 9780340645635
• ISBN10: 0340645636
• Edition: 2nd
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 1996-06-27
• Publisher: Hodder Education Publishers

Summary

Mycobacteria cause two of the world's most serious infections--tuberculosis and leprosy--as well as a range of infections which occur particularly in HIV-infected patients. This second edition has been completely revised and updated by John Grange, one of the leading authorities on the subject. The book addresses the major developments in the field over the last decade: advances in drug therapies of leprosy, tuberculosis, and other mycobacterial diseases; the introduction of monoclonal antibodies; cell cloning techniques; and genetic engineering techniques. Mycobacteria and Human Disease provides a comprehensive review of the mycobacteria, their place in the environment, the way in which they interact with the living host, the nature of the diseases they cause and the available means of diagnosing, preventing, and curing such diseases. It is intended as a powerful resource for clinical microbiologists in practice or training, and will be of interest to infectious disease physicians and public health professionals.

Table of Contents

Preface to First Edition	viii
Preface to Second Edition	ix
Acknowledgements	x
Introduction	1	(10)
History	1	(6)
The future and the challenge	7	(2)
Publications of general and historical interest	9	(2)
The genus Mycobacterium	11	(30)
Antigenic structure	12	(3)
The structure of the mycobacterial cell	15	(1)
The cell wall	16	(2)
Mycobacterial lipids	18	(4)
The ecology of the mycobacteria	22	(1)
Pigmentation	23	(1)
Acid-fastness	24	(1)
Pathogenicity and virulence	24	(1)
Nutrition and metabolism	25	(1)
Acquisition of iron: exochelins and mycobactins	26	(2)
Genetics and molecular biology of the mycobacteria	28	(13)
The species of mycobacteria	41	(20)
The M. tuberculosis complex	42	(2)
Slowly growing photochromogens	44	(2)
Slowly growing scotochromogens	46	(1)
Slowly growing non-chromogens	47	(6)
The rapidly growing mycobacteria	53	(2)
Non-cultivable mycobacteria	55	(6)
Diagnostic mycobacteriology	61	(17)
Laboratory safety	61	(1)
The collection of specimens	62	(1)
Specimens	62	(2)
Microscopy	64	(1)
Culture media	65	(1)
Decontamination of specimens	66	(1)
Incubation and reading the cultures	67	(1)
Animal inoculation for the isolation of mycobacteria	67	(1)
Radiometric methods	67	(1)
Identification of mycobacteria	68	(1)
Typing tubercle bacilli	68	(1)
Identification of other mycobacterial species	68	(1)
Drug susceptibility testing	69	(4)
Laboratory reports	73	(1)
Laboratory methods in leprosy	73	(1)
Laboratory methods based on DNA technology	74	(4)
Immunology of mycobacterial disease	78	(38)
Immune phenomena in mycobacterial disease - the basic principles	79	(1)
Antigen recognition	79	(2)
The immune response: macrophage activation	81	(1)
The immune reaction: events within the macrophage	82	(2)
The early immunological events after infection	84	(1)
Delayed hypersensitivity and the Koch phenomenon	85	(1)
Post-primary tuberculosis and the Koch phenomenon	86	(1)
Protective immunity and immunopathology in tuberculosis	87	(2)
Cytotoxic cells and protective immunity	89	(1)
The role of tumor necrosis factor in the immunopathogenesis of mycobacterial disease	89	(2)
Tuberculin and tuberculin reactivity	91	(2)
Categories of tuberculin reactors	93	(2)
Protective and cross-protective antigens	95	(1)
Vaccination strategies	96	(2)
Immunological spectra in mycobacterial disease	98	(6)
Immunotherapy	104	(1)
Humoral factors and serodiagnosis	104	(1)
Mycobacterial adjuvants	105	(1)
Mycobacterial disease and autoimmunity	106	(1)
Genetic factors in mycobacterial immunity	106	(1)
Mycobacterial disease and immunosuppression	107	(2)
Summary - an integrated view of mycobacterial immunity	109	(7)
Epidemiology and control of mycobacterial disease	116	(22)
The epidemiology of tuberculosis	116	(4)
Tuberculosis and HIV/AIDS	120	(4)
Epidemiological aspects of drug resistance	124	(1)
Bovine tuberculosis and its implications for human health	125	(1)
The epidemiology of leprosy	126	(2)
The epidemiology of opportunist mycobacterial disease	128	(1)
Control of tuberculosis and leprosy	128	(10)
Leprosy	138	(21)
Clinical features of leprosy	140	(3)
Features of disease according to the spectrum of leprosy	143	(6)
Reactions in leprosy	149	(1)
Factors affecting the course of leprosy	150	(1)
The histopathology of leprosy	151	(1)
The diagnosis of leprosy	151	(2)
The epidemiology of leprosy	153	(1)
Prevention of leprosy	154	(1)
Management of the leprosy patient	154	(5)
Tuberculosis	159	(29)
The terminology and classification of tuberculosis	159	(1)
Diagnosis of tuberculosis	160	(1)
The natural history of tuberculosis	161	(7)
Symptoms of pulmonary tuberculosis	168	(1)
Neonatal and congenital tuberculosis	168	(1)
Types of extrapulmonary tuberculosis according to organ involvement	168	(15)
Disseminated tuberculosis	183	(1)
HIV/AIDS-related tuberculosis	184	(4)
Other mycobacterial diseases	188	(16)
Epidemiology	188	(1)
Predisposing factors	189	(1)
Diagnosis	190	(1)
Mycobacterium ulcerans infection (Buruli ulcer)	190	(3)
Mycobacterium marinum infection	193	(2)
Other inoculation-associated infections	195	(1)
Disease not associated with traumatic inoculation	195	(2)
Disseminated disease	197	(3)
Other diseases of possible mycobacterial aetiology	200	(4)
Therapy of mycobacterial disease	204	(21)
The antimycobacterial agents	204	(1)
Tuberculosis	204	(10)
Leprosy	214	(3)
Therapy of the mycobacterioses	217	(3)
Immunotherapy of mycobacterial disease	220	(5)
Index	225