Nanotechnology Environmental Implications and Solutions

by Theodore, Louis; Kunz, Robert G.

• ISBN13: 9780471699767
• ISBN10: 0471699764
• Edition: 1st
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 2005-03-28
• Publisher: Wiley-Interscience

Summary

An authoritative, in-depth exploration of the environmental consequences of nanotechnology Nanotechnology is revolutionizing the chemical, telecom, biotech, pharmaceutical, health care, aerospace, and computer industries, among others, and many exciting new nanotech applications are envisioned for the near future. While the rapid pace of innovation has been truly inspiring, much remains to be learned about the potential environmental and health risks posed by this nascent technology and its byproducts. So important is this issue that the ultimate success or failure of nanotechnology may well depend on how effectively science and industry address these concerns in the years ahead. Written by two highly accomplished environmental professionals, Nanotechnology: Environmental Implications and Solutions brings scientists, engineers, and policymakers up to speed on the current state of knowledge in this vitally important area. Professor Theodore and Dr. Kunz provide a concise review of nano-fundamentals and explore background issues surrounding nanotechnology and its environmental impact. They then follow up with in-depth discussions of: * The control, monitoring, and reduction of nanotech byproducts and their impact on the air, water, and land * Health risks associated with nanotechnology, and methods to assess and control them * Nanotech hazard risk assessment-including emergency response planning and personnel training * Multimedia approaches that are available for the analysis of the impact of nanotechnology in the chemical, manufacturing, and waste disposal industries * The future of nanotechnology and the "Industrial Revolution II" * The legal implications of nanotechnology * Societal and ethical implications of nanotechnology-based materials and processing method Assuming only a basic knowledge of physics, chemistry, and mathematics on behalf of its readers, Nanotechnology: Environmental Implications and Solutions makes fascinating and useful reading for engineers, scientists, administrators, environmental regulatory officials, and public policy makers, as well as students in a range of science and engineering disciplines.

Author Biography

LOUIS THEODORE, PhD, is Professor in the Chemical Engineering Department of Manhattan College, in New York City. He has received awards from the International Air and Waste Management Association and the American Society for Engineering Education.

ROBERT G. KUNZ, PhD, is an environmental consultant with three decades of experience in the petroleum and chemical industries. He is the recipient of the Water Pollution Control Federation's Harrison Prescott Eddy Medal.

Table of Contents

Preface	xi
Foreword by Rita D'Aquino	xv
1 NANOTECHNOLOGY ENVIRONMENTAL OVERVIEW	1	(60)
1.1 Introduction	1	(1)
1.2 Survey of Nanotechnology Applications	2	(4)
1.3 Legal Considerations for Nanotechnology by A. Calderone	6	(4)
1.4 Recent Patent Activity	10	(2)
1.5 Environmental Implications	12	(6)
1.6 Current Environmental Regulations	18	(20)
1.7 Classification and Sources of Pollutants	38	(9)
1.8 Effects of Pollutants	47	(11)
1.9 Text Contents	58	(1)
1.10 Summary	58	(1)
References	59	(2)
2 NANOTECHNOLOGY: TURNING BASIC SCIENCE INTO REALITY	61	(48)
Suzanne A. Shelley
2.1 Introduction	61	(5)
2.2 Basic Chemistry and Size-Related Properties	66	(4)
2.3 Nanotechnology: Prime Materials and Manufacturing Methods	70	(9)
2.4 Carbon Nanotubes and Buckyballs	79	(6)
2.5 Current and Future Market Applications	85	(9)
2.6 Analytical Methods	94	(4)
2.7 Health and Safety Issues: Ethical, Legal, and Societal Implications	98	(4)
2.8 Funding Future Developmental Efforts	102	(2)
2.9 Summary	104	(1)
References	105	(4)
3 AIR ISSUES	109	(48)
3.1 Introduction	109	(1)
3.2 Air Pollution Control Equipment	110	(13)
3.3 Atmospheric Dispersion Modeling	123	(6)
3.4 Stack Design	129	(1)
3.5 Indoor Air Quality	130	(14)
3.6 Monitoring Methods	144	(10)
3.7 Summary	154	(1)
References	155	(2)
4 WATER ISSUES	157	(44)
4.1 Introduction	157	(3)
4.2 Industrial Wastewater Management	160	(12)
4.3 Municipal Wastewater Treatment	172	(13)
4.4 Dispersion Modeling in Water Systems	185	(7)
4.5 Monitoring Methods	192	(5)
4.6 Summary	197	(1)
References	198	(3)
5 SOLID WASTE ISSUES	201	(60)
5.1 Introduction	201	(4)
5.2 Industrial Waste Management	205	(7)
5.3 Municipal Solid Waste Management	212	(5)
5.4 Hospital Waste Management	217	(7)
5.5 Nuclear Waste Management	224	(9)
5.6 Metals	233	(10)
5.7 Superfund	243	(8)
5.8 Monitoring Methods	251	(7)
5.9 Summary	258	(1)
References	259	(2)
6 MULTIMEDIA ANALYSIS	261	(12)
6.1 Introduction	261	(1)
6.2 Historical Perspective	262	(1)
6.3 Multimedia Application: A Chemical Plant	263	(3)
6.4 Multimedia Application: Products and Services	266	(1)
6.5 Multimedia Application: A Hazardous Waste Incineration Facility	267	(1)
6.6 Education and Training	267	(3)
6.7 Summary	270	(1)
References	270	(3)
7 HEALTH RISK ASSESSMENT	273	(34)
7.1 Introduction	273	(3)
7.2 Health Risk Assessment Evaluation Process	276	(8)
7.3 Why Use Risk-Based Decision Making?	284	(1)
7.4 Risk-Based Corrective Action Approach	285	(4)
7.5 Statutory Requirements Involving Environmental Communication	289	(3)
7.6 Public Perception of Risk	292	(6)
7.7 Risk Communication	298	(1)
7.8 Seven Cardinal Rules of Risk Communication	299	(3)
7.9 Summary	302	(1)
References	302	(5)
8 HAZARD RISK ASSESSMENT	307	(30)
8.1 Introduction	307	(5)
8.2 Superfund Amendments and Reauthorization of Act of 1986	312	(1)
8.3 Need For Emergency Response Planning	313	(6)
8.4 Emergency Planning	319	(2)
8.5 Hazards Survey	321	(2)
8.6 Training of Personnel	323	(2)
8.7 Hazard Risk Assessment Evaluation Process	325	(8)
8.8 Summary	333	(1)
References	334	(3)
9 ETHICAL CONSIDERATIONS	337	(12)
9.1 Introduction	337	(1)
9.2 Air Pollution	338	(3)
9.3 Water Pollution	341	(2)
9.4 Solid Waste Pollution	343	(2)
9.5 Health Concerns	345	(1)
9.6 Hazard Concerns	346	(2)
9.7 Summary	348	(1)
References	348	(1)
10 FUTURE TRENDS	349	(18)
10.1 Introduction	349	(1)
10.2 Air Issues	350	(1)
10.3 Water Issues	351	(3)
10.4 Solid Waste Issues	354	(4)
10.5 Multimedia Concerns and Hazards	358	(1)
10.6 Health and Hazard Risk Assessment	359	(1)
10.7 Environmental Ethics	360	(1)
10.8 Environmental Audits	361	(2)
10.9 ISO 14000	363	(2)
10.10 Summary	365	(1)
References	365	(2)
NAME INDEX	367	(2)
SUBJECT INDEX	369