National Electrical Code 1999

by National Fire Protection Association

• ISBN13: 9780877654322
• ISBN10: 0877654328
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 1998-09-10
• Publisher: Natl Fire Protection Assn

Summary

This is the standard reference for anyone involved in the electrical industry. Revised every three years, it is adopted as law by most states, cities, and municipalities. It contains the up-to-the minute facts and safety guidelines electricians need to avoid costly errors. It remains a "must-have" reference for anyone involved in electrical design installation, identification, and/or inspection.

Table of Contents

Introduction	p. 17
General
Definitions	p. 19
General	p. 19
Over 600 Volts, Nominal	p. 25
Requirements for Electrical Installations	p. 26
General	p. 26
600 Volts, Nominal, or Less	p. 28
Over 600 Volts, Nominal	p. 30
Tunnel Installations Over 600 Volts, Nominal	p. 32
Wiring and Protection
Use and Identification of Grounded Conductors	p. 35
Branch Circuits	p. 37
General Provisions	p. 37
Branch-Circuit Ratings	p. 41
Required Outlets	p. 43
Feeders	p. 46
Branch-Circuit, Feeder, and Service Calculations	p. 48
General	p. 48
Feeders and Services	p. 48
Optional Calculations for Computing Feeder and Service Loads	p. 52
Method for Computing Farm Loads	p. 55
Outside Branch Circuits and Feeders	p. 55
General	p. 56
More than One Building or Other Structure	p. 58
Over 600 Volts	p. 60
Services	p. 61
General	p. 61
Overhead Service-Drop Conductors	p. 62
Underground Service-Lateral Conductors	p. 63
Service-Entrance Conductors	p. 64
Service Equipment -- General	p. 66
Service Equipment -- Disconnecting Means	p. 66
Service Equipment -- Overcurrent Protection	p. 68
Services Exceeding 600 Volts, Nominal	p. 69
Overcurrent Protection	p. 70
General	p. 70
Location	p. 73
Enclosures	p. 76
Disconnecting and Guarding	p. 76
Plug Fuses, Fuseholders, and Adapters	p. 77
Cartridge Fuses and Fuseholders	p. 77
Circuit Breakers	p. 78
Supervised Industrial Installations	p. 78
Overcurrent Protection Over 600 Volts, Nominal	p. 80
Grounding	p. 80
General	p. 80
Circuit and System Grounding	p. 83
Grounding Electrode System and Grounding electrode Conductor	p. 88
Enclosure, Raceway, and Service Cable Grounding	p. 91
Bonding	p. 92
Equipment Grounding and Equipment Grounding Conductors	p. 94
Methods of Equipment Grounding	p. 98
Direct-Current Systems	p. 100
Instruments, Meters, and Relays	p. 101
Grounding of Systems and Circuits of 1 kV and Over (High Voltage)	p. 102
Surge Arresters	p. 103
General	p. 103
Installation	p. 104
Connecting Surge Arresters	p. 104
Wiring Methods and Materials
Wiring Methods	p. 105
General Requirements	p. 105
Requirements for Over 600 Volts, Nominal	p. 113
Temporary Wiring	p. 115
Conductors for General Wiring	p. 116
Cable Trays	p. 140
Open Wiring on Insulators	p. 146
Messenger Supported Wiring	p. 147
Concealed Knob-and-Tube Wiring	p. 148
Integrated Gas Spacer Cable	p. 149
General	p. 149
Installation	p. 150
Construction Specifications	p. 150
Medium Voltage Cable	p. 150
Flat Conductor Cable	p. 151
General	p. 151
Installation	p. 151
Construction	p. 152
Mineral-Insulated, Metal-Sheathed Cable	p. 153
General	p. 153
Installation	p. 153
Construction Specifications	p. 154
Electrical Nonmetallic Tubing	p. 154
General	p. 154
Installation	p. 155
Construction Specifications	p. 155
Armored Cable	p. 155
General	p. 155
Installation	p. 156
Construction Specifications	p. 157
Metal-Clad Cable	p. 157
General	p. 157
Installation	p. 157
Construction Specifications	p. 158
Nonmetallic-Sheathed Cable	p. 159
General	p. 159
Installation	p. 159
Construction Specifications	p. 160
Service-Entrance Cable	p. 161
Underground Feeder and Branch-Circuit Cable	p. 162
Power and Control Tray Cable	p. 162
Nonmetallic Extensions	p. 163
Nonmetallic Underground Conduit with Connectors	p. 164
General	p. 164
Installation	p. 165
Construction	p. 165
Intermediate Metal Conduit	p. 166
General	p. 166
Installation	p. 166
Construction Specifications	p. 167
Rigid Metal Conduit	p. 167
General	p. 167
Installation	p. 168
Construction Specifications	p. 169
Rigid Nonmetallic Conduit	p. 169
Installations	p. 170
Construction Specifications	p. 172
Electrical Metallic Tubing	p. 172
General	p. 172
Installation	p. 173
Construction Specifications	p. 174
Flexible Metallic Tubing	p. 174
General	p. 174
Construction and Installation	p. 174
Flexible Metal Conduit	p. 175
General	p. 175
Installation	p. 175
Liquidtight Flexible Metal Conduit and Liquidtight Flexible Nonmentallic Conduit	p. 176
Liquidtight Flexible Metal Conduit	p. 176
Liquidtight Flexible Nonmetallic Conduit	p. 177
Surface Metal Raceways and Surface Nonmetallic Raceways	p. 178
Surface Metal Raceways	p. 178
Surface Nometallic Raceways	p. 179
Strut-Type Channel Raceway	p. 180
Multioutlet Assembly	p. 181
Underfloor Raceways	p. 181
Cellular Metal Floor Raceways	p. 183
Installation	p. 183
Construction Specifications	p. 183
Cellular Concrete Floor Raceways	p. 184
Metal Wireways and Nonmetallic Wireways	p. 184
Metal Wireways	p. 184
Nonmetallic Wireways	p. 186
Flat Cable Assemblies	p. 187
Busways	p. 188
General Requirements	p. 188
Requirements for Over 600 Volts, Nominal	p. 189
Cablebus	p. 190
Outlet, Device, Pull and Junction Boxes, Conduit Bodies and Fittings	p. 191
Scope and General	p. 191
Installation	p. 192
Construction Specifications	p. 197
Manholes and Other Electric Enclosures Intended for Personnel Entry	p. 197
Pull and Junction Boxes for Use on Systems Over 600 Volts, Nominal	p. 199
Cabinets, Cutout Boxes, and Meter Socket Enclosures	p. 199
Installation	p. 199
Construction Specifications	p. 201
Auxiliary Gutters	p. 202
Switches	p. 204
Installation	p. 204
Construction Specifications	p. 207
Switchboards and Panelboards	p. 207
General	p. 207
Switchboards	p. 208
Panelboards	p. 208
Construction Specifications	p. 210
Equipment for General Use
Flexible Cords and Cables	p. 211
General	p. 211
Construction Specifications	p. 220
Portable Cables Over 600 Volts, Nominal	p. 221
Fixture Wires	p. 221
Lighting Fixtures, Lampholders, Lamps, and Receptacles	p. 225
General	p. 225
Fixture Locations	p. 225
Provisions at Fixture Outlet Boxes, Canopies, and Pans	p. 226
Fixture Supports	p. 227
Grounding	p. 227
Wiring of Fixtures	p. 228
Construction of Fixtures	p. 229
Installation of Lampholders	p. 230
Construction of Lampholders	p. 230
Lamps and Auxiliary Equipment	p. 231
Receptacles, Cord Connectors, and Attachment Plugs (Caps)	p. 231
Special Provisions for Flush and Recessed Fixtures	p. 232
Construction of Flush and Recessed Fixtures	p. 233
Special Provisions for Electric-Discharge Lighting Systems of 1000 Volts or Less	p. 233
Special Provisions for Electric-Discharge Lighting Systems of More Than 100 Volts	p. 234
Lighting Track	p. 235
Lighting Systems Operating at 30 Volts or Less	p. 236
Appliances	p. 236
General	p. 236
Installation	p. 236
Disconnecting Means	p. 239
Construction	p. 240
Marking	p. 241
Fixed Electric Space-Heating Equipment	p. 241
General	p. 241
Installation	p. 242
Control and Protection of Fixed Electric Space-Heating Equipment	p. 242
Marking of Heating Equipment	p. 244
Electric Space-Heating Cables	p. 244
Duct Heaters	p. 246
Resistance-Type Boilers	p. 246
Electrode-Type Boilers	p. 247
Electric Radiant Heating Panels and Heating Panel Sets	p. 248
Fixed Outdoor Electric Deicing and Snow-Melting Equipment	p. 250
General	p. 250
Installation	p. 251
Resistance Heating Elements	p. 251
Impedance Heating	p. 252
Skin-Effect Heating	p. 252
Control and Protection	p. 253
Fixed Electric Heating Equipment for Pipelines and Vessels	p. 253
General	p. 253
Installation	p. 254
Resistance Rating Elements	p. 254
Induction Heating	p. 255
Skin-Effect Heating	p. 255
Control and Protection	p. 256
Motors, Motor Circuits, and Controllers	p. 256
General	p. 256
Motor Circuit Conductors	p. 262
Motor and Branch-Circuit Overload Protection	p. 264
Motor Branch-Circuit Short-Circuit and Ground-Fault Protection	p. 267
Motor Feeder Short-Circuit and Ground-Fault Protection	p. 270
Motor Control Circuits	p. 270
Motor Controllers	p. 272
Motor Control Centers	p. 273
Disconnecting Means	p. 275
Over 600 Volts, Nominal	p. 278
Protection of Live Parts -- All Voltages	p. 278
Grounding -- All Voltages	p. 279
Tables	p. 280
Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Equipment	p. 283
General	p. 283
Disconnecting Means	p. 285
Branch-Circuit Short-Circuit and Ground-Fault Protection	p. 286
Branch-Circuit Conductors	p. 287
Controllers for Motor-Compressors	p. 287
Motor-Compressor and Branch-Circuit Overload Protection	p. 288
Provisions for Room Air Conditioners	p. 289
Generators	p. 289
Transformers and Transformer Vaults (Including Secondary Ties)	p. 290
General Provisions	p. 291
Specific Provisions Applicable to Different Types of Transformers	p. 295
Transformer Vaults	p. 296
Phase Converters	p. 297
General	p. 297
Specific Provisions Applicable to Different Types of Transformers	p. 299
Capacitors	p. 299
600 Volts, Nominal, and Under	p. 299
Over 600 Volts, Nominal	p. 300
Resistors and Reactors	p. 301
600 Volts, Nominal, and Under	p. 301
Over 600 Volts, Nominal	p. 301
Storage Batteries	p. 301
Equipment, Over 600 Volts, Nominal	p. 303
General	p. 303
Equipment -- Specific Provisions	p. 303
Equipment -- Metal-Enclosed Power Switchgear and Industrial Control Assemblies	p. 305
Mobile and Portable Equipment	p. 307
Electrode-Type Boilers	p. 308
Special Occupancies
Hazardous (Classified) Locations, Classes I, II, and III, Divisions 1 and 2	p. 309
Class I Locations	p. 315
Class II Locations	p. 324
Class III Locations	p. 330
Intrinsically Safe Systems	p. 333
Class I, Zone 0, 1, and 2 Locations	p. 335
Hazardous (Classified) Locations -- Specific	p. 342
Commercial Garages, Repair and Storage	p. 343
Aircraft Hangars	p. 344
Gasoline Dispensing and Service Stations	p. 346
Bulk Storage Plants	p. 350
Spray Application, Dipping, and Coating Processes	p. 353
Health Care Facilities	p. 359
General	p. 359
Wiring and Protection	p. 361
Essential Electrical System	p. 364
Inhaiation Anesthetizing Locations	p. 372
X-Ray Installations	p. 375
Communications, Signaling Systems, Data Systems, Fire Alarm Systems, and Systems Less than 120 Volts, Nominal	p. 376
Isolated Power Systems	p. 377
Places of Assembly	p. 378
Theaters, Audience Areas of Motion Picture and Television Studios, and Similar Locations	p. 379
General	p. 379
Fixed Stage Switchboards	p. 380
Fixed Stage Equipment Other than Switchboards	p. 381
Portable Switchboards on Stage	p. 383
Portable Stage Equipment Other than Switchboards	p. 386
Dressing Rooms	p. 387
Grounding	p. 387
Carnivals, Circuses, Fairs, and Similar Events	p. 387
General Requirements	p. 387
Installation	p. 388
Grounding and Bonding	p. 389
Disconnecting Means	p. 389
Attractions Utilizing Pools, Fountains, and Similar Installations with Contained Volumes of Water	p. 389
Motion Picture and Television Studios and Similar Locations	p. 389
General	p. 389
Stage or Set	p. 390
Dressing Rooms	p. 393
Viewing, Cutting, and Patching Tables	p. 393
Cellulose Nitrate Film Storage Vaults	p. 393
Substations	p. 393
Separately Derived Systems with 60 Volts to Ground	p. 393
Motion Picture Projectors	p. 394
General	p. 394
Definitions	p. 394
Equipment and Projectors of the Professional Type	p. 394
Nonprofessional Projectors	p. 395
Audio Signal Processing, Amplification, and Reproduction Equipment	p. 395
Manufactured Building	p. 395
General	p. 395
Agricultural Buildings	p. 396
Mobile Homes, Manufactured Homes, and Mobile Home Parks	p. 398
General	p. 398
Mobile Homes	p. 399
Services and Feeders	p. 406
Recreational Vehicles and Recreational Vehicle Parks	p. 407
General	p. 407
Low-Voltage Systems	p. 408
Combination Electrical Systems	p. 410
Other Power Sources	p. 410
Norminal 120-Volt or 120/240-Volt Systems	p. 411
Factory Tests	p. 418
Recreational Vehicle Parks	p. 418
Park Trailers	p. 420
General	p. 420
Low-Voltage Systems	p. 421
Combination Electrical Systems	p. 422
Nominal 120-Volt or 120/240-Volt Systems	p. 423
Factory Tests	p. 429
Floating Buildings	p. 430
General	p. 430
Services and Feeders	p. 430
Grounding	p. 430
Marinas and Boatyards	p. 431
Special Equipment
Electric Signs and Outline Lighting	p. 433
General	p. 433
Field-Installed Skeleton Tubing	p. 435
Manufactured Wiring Systems	p. 437
Office Furnishings (Consisting of Lighting Accessories and Wired Partitions)	p. 437
Cranes and Hoists	p. 438
General	p. 438
Wiring	p. 439
Contact Conductors	p. 441
Disconnecting Means	p. 442
Overcurrent Protection	p. 442
Control	p. 443
Grounding	p. 443
Elevators, Dumbwaiters, Escalators, Moving Walks, Wheelchair Lifts, and Stairway Chair Lifts	p. 444
General	p. 444
Conductors	p. 445
Wiring	p. 446
Installation of Conductors	p. 448
Traveling Cables	p. 449
Disconnecting Means and Control	p. 450
Overcurrent Protection	p. 451
Machine Room	p. 451
Grounding	p. 452
Emergency and Standby Power Systems	p. 452
Electric Vehicle Charging System Equipment	p. 452
General	p. 452
Wiring Methods	p. 453
Equipment Construction	p. 453
Control and Protection	p. 454
Electric Vehicle Supply Equipment Locations	p. 454
Electric Welders	p. 455
General	p. 455
Are Welders	p. 455
Resistance Welders	p. 456
Welding Cable	p. 457
Audio Signal Processing Araplification, and Reproduction Equipment	p. 458
General	p. 458
Permanent Audio System Installations	p. 461
Portable and Temporary Audio System Installations	p. 462
Information Technology Equipment	p. 463
Pipe Organs	p. 464
X-Ray Equipment	p. 465
General	p. 465
Control	p. 466
Transformers and Capacitors	p. 467
Guarding and Grounding	p. 467
Induction and Dielectric Heating Equipment	p. 467
General	p. 467
Guarding, Grounding, and Labeling	p. 467
Motor-Generator Equipment	p. 468
Equipment Other than Motor-Generators	p. 469
Electrolytic Cells	p. 469
Electroplating	p. 472
Industrial Machinery	p. 473
Electrically Driven or Controlled Irrigation Machines	p. 474
General	p. 474
Center Pivot Irrigation Machines	p. 476
Swimming Pools, Fountains, and Similar Installations	p. 476
General	p. 476
Permanently Installed Pools	p. 480
Storable Pools	p. 484
Spas and Hot Tubs	p. 485
Fountains	p. 486
Pools and Tubs for Therapeutic Use	p. 487
Hydromassage Bathtubs	p. 488
Integrated Electrical Systems	p. 489
General	p. 489
Orderly Shutdown	p. 489
Solar Photovoltaic Systems	p. 489
General	p. 489
Circuit Requirements	p. 492
Disconnecting Means	p. 493
Wiring Methods	p. 494
Grounding	p. 495
Marking	p. 495
Connection to Other Sources	p. 496
Storage Batteries	p. 496
Systems Over 600 Volts	p. 497
Fire Pumps	p. 497
Special Conditions
Emergency Systems	p. 501
General	p. 501
Circuit Wiring	p. 502
Sources of Power	p. 503
Emergency System Circuits for Lighting and Power	p. 504
Control -- Emergency Lighting Circuits	p. 504
Overcurrent Protection	p. 505
Legally Required Standby Systems	p. 505
General	p. 505
Circuit Wiring	p. 506
Sources of Power	p. 506
Overcurrent Protection	p. 507
Optional Standby Systems	p. 507
General	p. 507
Circuit Wiring	p. 508
Interconnected Electrical Power Production Sources	p. 508
Circuits and Equipment Operating at Less than 50 Volts	p. 510
Class 1, Class 2, and Class 3 Remote-Control, Signaling, and Power-Limited Circuits	p. 510
General	p. 510
Class 1 Circuits	p. 511
Class 2 and Class 3 Circuits	p. 513
Instrumentation Tray Cable: Type ITC	p. 518
Fire Alarm Systems	p. 519
General	p. 519
Nonpower-Limited Fire Alarm (NPLFA) Circuits	p. 520
Power-Limited Fire Alarm (PLFA) Circuits	p. 523
Optical Fiber Cables and Raceways	p. 527
General	p. 527
Protection	p. 528
Cables Within Buildings	p. 528
Closed-Loop and Programmed Power Distribution	p. 531
Communications Systems
Communications Circuits	p. 533
General	p. 533
Conductors Outside and Entering Buildings	p. 533
Protection	p. 535
Grounding Methods	p. 536
Communications Wires and Cables Within Buildings	p. 537
Radio and Television Equipment	p. 541
General	p. 541
Receiving Equipment -- Antenna Systems	p. 542
Amateur Transmitting and Receiving Stations -- Antenna Systems	p. 544
Interior Installation -- Transmitting Stations	p. 544
Community Antenna Television and Radio Distribution Systems	p. 545
General	p. 545
Cables Outside and Entering Buildings	p. 545
Protection	p. 546
Grounding Methods	p. 547
Cables Within Buildings	p. 548
Network-Powered Broadband Communications Systems	p. 550
General	p. 550
Cables Outside and Entering Buildings	p. 552
Protection	p. 554
Grounding Methods	p. 556
Network-Powered Broadband Communications Systems Wiring Methods Within Buildings	p. 557
Tables
Percent of Cross Section of Conduit and Tubing for Conductors	p. 561
Dimensions and Percent Area of Conduit and Tubing	p. 562
Dimensions of Insulated Conductors and Fixture Wires	p. 564
Compact Aluminum Building Wire Nominal Dimensions and Areas	p. 566
Conductor Properties	p. 567
Alternating-Current Resistance and Reactance for 600-Volt Cables, 3-Phase, 60 Hz, 75[ch]C (167[ch]F) -- Three Single Conductors in Conduit	p. 568
Class 2 and Class 3 Alternating-Current Power Source Limitations	p. 569
Class 2 and Class 3 Direct-Current Power Source Limitations	p. 569
PLFA Alternating-Current Power Source Limitations	p. 570
PLFA Direct-Current Power Source Limitations	p. 570
Appendix A	p. 571
Appendix B	p. 575
Appendix C	p. 585
Appendix D	p. 609
Appendix E	p. 617
Index	p. 619
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