National Security Law

by Dycus, Stephen; Berney, Arthur L.; Banks, William C.; Raven-Hansen, Peter; Dycus, Stephen

• ISBN13: 9780735528239
• ISBN10: 0735528233
• Edition: 3rd
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 2002-07-01
• Publisher: Wolters Kluwer

Summary

This timely casebook provides a complete exploration of both constitutional and domestic law issues of national security, blended with cases, notes, questions, and original materials. The best-selling casebook in the field, National Security Law, Third Edition, Is both current and comprehensive. Some of the effective features that earned the book its leading position include: a cohesive thematic framework that examines policy And The consequences surrounding American use of force, intelligence operations, and counterterrorism efforts rich primary materials, such as judicial opinions, executive correspondence, statutes, and legislative history penetrating hypothetical questions that prompt analysis of the actual issues faced by national security professionals plentiful descriptive text to supply context and informative historical and background materials Material in the Third Edition is especially important in light of current national security issues: Part III, devoted to terrorism and transnational law enforcement, includes the original Osama bin Laden case, American-Arab Anti-Discrimination Committee v. Reno, and materials on consequence management extensive coverage throughout the book of the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001 with legal analysis of U.S. And international responses U.S. military involvement in Columbia U.S. And NATO activity in Kosovo

Table of Contents

Summary of Contents	ix
Preface	xxix
Acknowledgments	xxxiii
Editor's Note	xxxvii
Introduction	1	(6)
Purposes	1	(3)
Organization	4	(3)
Part I. THE FRAMEWORK OF SEPARATE BRANCHES WITH SHARED NATIONAL SECURITY POWERS	7	(236)
Providing for the ``Common Defence'': The Original Understanding	9	(21)
The Constitutional Text	9	(4)
Pre-Constitutional History and Political Theory in Europe	13	(5)
The American Experience Prior to 1787	18	(2)
The Framers' View	20	(10)
The Convention	21	(4)
Ratification	25	(2)
Notes and Questions	27	(3)
The Gloss of History: An Introduction to the Separation of National Security Powers	30	(30)
Youngstown Sheet & Tube Co. v. Sawyer (The Steel Seizure Case)	31	(17)
The Nondelegation Doctrine and Presidential Lawmaking	48	(3)
Executive Custom and Congressional Acquiescence	51	(3)
Inherent or ``Aggregate'' Powers in Emergencies	54	(1)
The Commander in Chief's Powers	55	(1)
Public Citizen v. United States Dept. of Justice	56	(3)
Notes and Questions	59	(1)
The President's National Security Powers	60	(32)
Foreign Relations Powers	61	(10)
United States v. Curtiss-Wright Export Corp.	61	(6)
Notes and Questions	67	(4)
The Commander in Chief's War Powers	71	(9)
Little v. Barreme	71	(2)
The Prize Cases	73	(4)
Notes and Questions	77	(3)
Presidential Emergency Powers	80	(7)
In re Neagle	80	(4)
Notes and Questions	84	(3)
Executive Privilege	87	(5)
Notes and Questions	89	(3)
Congress's National Security Powers	92	(54)
Declaration of War	92	(10)
Declaration of War of 1812	92	(1)
Bas v. Tingy	93	(4)
Notes and Questions	97	(5)
Defence Appropriations and Other Congressional War Powers	102	(32)
Delegations of National Security Authority	102	(1)
Lichter v. United States	102	(4)
Greene V. McElroy	106	(3)
Notes and Questions	109	(5)
Congressional Emergency Powers	114	(1)
Dames & Moore v. Regan	115	(6)
Notes and Questions	121	(5)
Tugging the Purse Strings: Appropriations as Limitations on the Executive	126	(2)
The Investigatory Power	128	(1)
McGrain v. Daugherty	128	(3)
Notes and Questions	131	(3)
Limitations on Congressional War Powers	134	(12)
Substantive Limitations on Congressional National Security Powers	134	(1)
Lovett v. United States	134	(3)
Notes and Questions	137	(4)
Procedural Limitations on Congressional National Security Powers: Chadha and the Line-Item Veto	141	(1)
Notes and Questions	142	(4)
The Role of the Judiciary	146	(46)
Dellums v. Bush	147	(12)
Ange v. Bush	159	(8)
Notes and Questions	167	(1)
Political Questions	167	(7)
Standing to Sue	174	(2)
Citizen Plaintiffs	176	(4)
Taxpayer Standing	180	(2)
Congressional Plaintiffs	182	(6)
Ripeness	188	(4)
The Domestic Effect of International Law	192	(51)
Treaties and Agreements	193	(21)
Making and Terminating Treaties	194	(8)
Goldwater v. Carter	202	(1)
Notes and Questions	202	(1)
Negotiations	202	(1)
Consent and Ratification	203	(1)
Termination	204	(2)
Interpreting Treaties: The ABM Treaty Reinterpretation Controversy	206	(1)
Notes and Questions	207	(4)
Executive and Other Agreements	211	(1)
Dames & Moore v. Regan	211	(1)
Notes and Questions	211	(3)
The Domestic Legal Effect of Treaties and Agreements	214	(12)
Reid V. Covert	215	(3)
Committee of U.S. Citizens Living in Nicaragua v. Reagan	218	(4)
Notes and Questions	222	(4)
The Domestic Legal Effect of Customary International Law and Jus Cogens	226	(17)
Committee of U.S. Citizens Living in Nicaragua v. Reagan	226	(5)
Garcia-Mir v. Meese	231	(3)
Notes and Questions	234	(9)
Part II. MAINTAINING NATIONAL SECURITY ABROAD	243	(316)
General War	245	(89)
A Case Study of the Vietnam War	246	(46)
``Determining on War''	247	(1)
How the War Began: A Brief History	247	(7)
Legal Foundations for the Commitment of American Forces	254	(1)
Leonard Meeker, The Legality of United States Participation in the Defense of Viet-Nam	254	(5)
Notes and Questions	259	(7)
Testing the Legitimacy of the War in Court	266	(1)
Orlando v. Laird	266	(4)
Notes and Questions	270	(4)
Limiting the Scope of the War	274	(1)
Cambodia	275	(1)
Laos	276	(1)
Notes and Questions	277	(3)
Ending the War	280	(1)
Repeal of the Gulf of Tonkin Resolution	280	(1)
DaCosta v. Laird (DaCosta I)	280	(2)
Notes and Questions	282	(3)
Cutting off Funding for the War	285	(1)
Holtzman v. Schlesinger	286	(4)
Notes and Questions	290	(2)
The Korean ``Police Action''	292	(10)
The Outbreak of War and the President's Response	292	(2)
Notes and Questions	294	(1)
The United Nations as a Source of Authority	295	(1)
Charter of the United Nations---Chapter VII	295	(2)
United Nations Participation Act	297	(2)
Notes and Questions	299	(3)
The War Powers Resolution	302	(24)
Text of the Resolution	303	(4)
Richard M. Nixon, Veto of the War Powers Resolution	307	(3)
Notes and Questions	310	(1)
The ``Substantive'' Provisions of Section 2	310	(1)
Consultation	311	(2)
The ``Hostilities'' Trigger and the Reporting Requirements	313	(5)
The 60-Day Clock	318	(3)
The Concurrent Resolution	321	(1)
The Rule of Construction	322	(1)
Note on the Multinational Force in Lebanon	323	(2)
Notes and Questions	325	(1)
The Persian Gulf War: A Case Study	326	(8)
Authorization for Use of Military Force Against Iraq	330	(2)
Notes and Questions	332	(2)
Imperfect War	334	(81)
Origins and Usage	335	(12)
What the Framers Knew: Pre-Constitutional Experience and Contemporaneous Law of Nations	335	(2)
Jules Lobel, Covert War and Congressional Authority: Hidden War and Forgotten Power	337	(2)
Notes and Questions	339	(2)
What the Framers and Their Successors Did: Usage	341	(1)
Francis D. Wormuth & Edwin B. Firmage, To Chain the Dog of War	342	(2)
Henry P. Monaghan, Presidential War-Making	344	(1)
Notes and Questions	345	(2)
The War Powers Resolution	347	(1)
Repelling Attacks and Anticipatory Self-Defence (or Reprisal?)	347	(29)
Judicial Views on the Defensive War Power	347	(1)
The Prize Cases	347	(1)
The Barbary ``Pirates'': Repelling Attack	348	(1)
Notes and Questions	349	(2)
The Gulf of Sidra Incident: Repelling (or Provoking) Attack	351	(2)
Statement of Abraham D. Sofaer, The War Powers Resolution and Antiterrorist Operations	353	(1)
Notes and Questions	354	(2)
Bombing ``Sanctuaries'': Anticipatory Self-Defence or Reprisal?	356	(1)
The U.S. Raid on Libya	356	(1)
Address by President Reagan on Libya	357	(1)
Statement of Abraham D. Sofaer, The War Powers Resolution and Antiterrorist Operations	358	(2)
Notes and Questions	360	(4)
The Attacks on Sudan and Afghanistan	364	(2)
Notes and Questions	366	(3)
Killing bin Laden: Anticipatory Self-Defense or Assassination?	369	(1)
Executive Order No. 12,333	369	(1)
W. Hays Parks, Executive Order 12,333 and Assassination	370	(3)
Notes and Questions	373	(3)
Rescue and Protective Intervention	376	(13)
Judicial Views on Rescue and Protective Intervention	376	(1)
In re Neagle	376	(1)
Durand v. Hollins	376	(2)
Notes and Questions	378	(2)
The Iran Hostage Rescue Mission	380	(1)
Letter of President Jimmy Carter	381	(2)
Legal Opinion by Lloyd Cutler on War Powers Consultation Relative to the Iran Rescue Mission	383	(1)
The ``Hostage Act''	384	(1)
Notes and Questions	384	(5)
Intervention to Restore or Install Democracy	389	(4)
Notes and Questions	391	(2)
Humanitarian Intervention: Disaster Relief and Peace Operations	393	(22)
The U.S. and United Nations Interventions in Somalia: Operation Restore Hope	394	(2)
OLC Opinion: Authority of the President to use Military Forces in Somalia	396	(5)
Letter from President George Bush to Congressional Leaders	401	(3)
Notes and Questions	404	(5)
U.S. and NATO Intervention in Kosovo: Operation Allied Force	409	(4)
Exercise	413	(2)
Intelligence Operations	415	(144)
Exercise: Intelligence Operation in Iraq	417	(2)
Intelligence Operations: Origins and Practice	419	(7)
National Security Secrecy: The Original Understanding	419	(1)
Notes and Questions	420	(2)
Intelligence Operations: Practice and Inherent Power	422	(1)
Statement of Mitchell Rogovin	422	(1)
Robert Borosage, Para-Legal Authority and Its Peril	423	(1)
Notes and Questions	424	(2)
The Evolution of Legal Controls	426	(30)
The First Public Control --- The Neutrality Act	426	(2)
The National Security Act of 1947	428	(1)
Statement of Mitchell Rogovin	429	(1)
Robert Borosage, Para-Legal Authority and Its Peril	430	(2)
Notes and Questions	432	(3)
From the Cold War Through Vietnam: Intelligence Operations 1947-1973	435	(1)
Intelligence Operations and Executive Branch Decision-Making	435	(1)
Notes and Questions	436	(1)
United States v. Lopez-Lima	437	(4)
Notes and Questions	441	(1)
Escalating Use and Review of Intelligence Operations	442	(1)
Notes and Questions	443	(2)
Note on Covert Intervention in Chile	445	(1)
Central Intelligence Agency, CIA Activities in Chile	445	(1)
Notes and Questions	446	(1)
Congressional Oversight	447	(1)
Disruption of Domestic Groups	448	(1)
Church Committee Report	448	(1)
Halkin v. Helms	449	(5)
Notes and Questions	454	(2)
Problems in the Reform of Intelligence Operations	456	(17)
Congressional Oversight Reforms	456	(1)
The War Powers Resolution and Covert Action	456	(1)
The Hughes-Ryan Amendment	456	(1)
Notes and Questions	457	(2)
The Church Committee and a Proposed Charter	459	(2)
Notes and Questions	461	(1)
The Intelligence Oversight Act of 1980	462	(1)
Intelligence Oversight Act of 1980	462	(1)
Notes and Questions	463	(1)
Executive Branch Reforms	464	(1)
Executive Order No. 12,333	464	(5)
Notes and Questions	469	(1)
Deciding on Intelligence Operations	469	(1)
The Internal Executive Branch Process for Reviewing Intelligence Operations	470	(2)
Implementation of Intelligence Operations	472	(1)
Recording and Reporting Intelligence Operation Decisions	473	(1)
The Reforms Tested: A Case Study of the Iran-Contra Affair	473	(50)
A Brief Chronology	474	(1)
Report of the Congressional Committees Investigating the Iran-Contra Affair	474	(6)
Notes and Questions	480	(1)
The Legality of the Arms Sales	481	(1)
Constitutional Authority to Trade Arms for Hostages	481	(1)
Notes and Questions	482	(1)
The Arms Export Control Act (AECA)	482	(2)
Notes and Questions	484	(1)
Authority and Strictures of the National Security Act	485	(1)
Notes and Questions	486	(3)
Presidents' Rules: Executive Orders and Decision Directives	489	(1)
Notes and Questions	490	(1)
Covert Support for the Contras and the Boland Amendments	491	(2)
Notes and Questions	493	(1)
Was the NSC Staff an ``Agency or Entity Involved in Intelligence Activities''?	494	(1)
Notes and Questions	495	(2)
Supporting the Contras ``Directly or Indirectly''	497	(1)
Notes and Questions	498	(1)
``No Funds Available''	499	(1)
Notes and Questions	499	(1)
Solicitation of Unappropriated Funds	500	(2)
Notes and Questions	502	(2)
The Constitutionality of the Boland Amendment	504	(2)
Notes and Questions	506	(2)
The Iran-Contra Affair in the Courts	508	(1)
The Prosecution and Defense of Iran-Contra Crimes	508	(2)
Notes and Questions	510	(2)
The Neutrality Act	512	(1)
United States v. Terrell	512	(2)
Notes and Questions	514	(1)
The Outcome: Conviction and Reversal	515	(1)
Notes and Questions	516	(1)
Pardon and Reply	517	(1)
Proclamation 6518, Grant of Executive Clemency	517	(2)
Independent Counsel, Fourth Interim Report to Congress	519	(3)
Notes and Questions	522	(1)
The Aftermath of the Iran-Contra Affair	523	(20)
Reform of Oversight	523	(1)
Intelligence Authorization Act, Fiscal Year 1991	524	(4)
Statement on Signing the Intelligence Authorization Act, Fiscal Year 1991	528	(1)
Notes and Questions	529	(3)
Budget Oversight of Intelligence	532	(1)
Richardson v. United States	532	(3)
Notes and Questions	535	(7)
Arms Export Control Act and Hostage Act Amendments	542	(1)
The Privatization of Intelligence Operations	543	(16)
Proprietaries	544	(1)
The Church Committee: Proprietaries	544	(2)
Note on Covert Intervention in Laos	546	(1)
Notes and Questions	547	(1)
Dirty Assets	548	(1)
Harbury v. Deutch	548	(6)
Notes and Questions	554	(5)
Part III. FIGHTING TERRORISTS AND INTERNATIONAL CRIMINALS	559	(350)
Organizing for Counterterrorism: An Overview	561	(40)
Countering Terrorism at Home and Abroad	562	(26)
Defining the Terrorist Threat	563	(1)
What Is Terrorism?	563	(4)
Notes and Questions	567	(2)
Who Are the Terrorists?	569	(4)
Notes and Questions	573	(1)
Terrorists' Weapons and American Vulnerability	573	(1)
Frank Cilluffo, et al., Defending America in the 21st Century: New Challenge, New Organizations, and New Policies	574	(3)
Notes and Questions	577	(1)
Planning for Homeland Security	577	(5)
Notes and Questions	582	(1)
``Less Secure and Less Free''; Civil Liberties in the Balance	583	(1)
James X. Dempsey & David Cole, Terrorism & the Constitution: Sacrificing Civil Liberties in the Name of National Security	584	(1)
Philip B. Heymann, Terrorism and America: A Commonsense Strategy for a Democratic Society	585	(1)
Notes and Questions	586	(2)
International Crime as a National Security Threat	588	(6)
Defining the International Criminal Threat	588	(3)
Notes and Questions	591	(1)
Planning for the Fight Against International Crime	591	(1)
The White House, International Crime Control Strategy	591	(2)
Notes and Questions	593	(1)
International Cooperation	594	(7)
United Nations General Assembly Resolution 40/61	595	(1)
Treaties Addressing Terrorism	596	(1)
International Organizations	596	(1)
United Nations Security Council Resolution 1333	597	(2)
Other Forms of International Cooperation	599	(1)
Notes and Questions	599	(2)
Investigating Terrorism and Other National Security Threats	601	(136)
Investigating Terrorism: An Introduction	602	(10)
William C. Banks & M.E. Bowman, Executive Authority for National Security Surveillance	602	(1)
Statement of John Ashcroft, U.S. Federal Efforts to Combat Terrorism	603	(2)
William C. Banks & M.E. Bowman, Executive Authority for National Security Surveillance	605	(4)
Notes and Questions	609	(1)
Exercise	610	(2)
The Fourth Amendment Framework	612	(54)
A Fourth Amendment Primer	612	(1)
William C. Banks & M.E. Bowman, Executive Authority for National Security Surveillance	612	(2)
A National Security Exception?	614	(1)
Senate Report, Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act of 1977	614	(1)
United States v. United States District Court (Keith)	615	(9)
Notes and Questions	624	(4)
A Foreign Intelligence Exception?	628	(1)
Senate Report, Intelligence Activities and the Rights of Americans	628	(1)
United States v. Ehrlichman	628	(3)
Notes and Questions	631	(2)
United States v. Truong Dinh Hung	633	(4)
Notes and Questions	637	(2)
Investigations Abroad	639	(1)
Reid v. Covert	639	(3)
United States v. Verdugo-Urquidez	642	(6)
Notes and Questions	648	(2)
United States v. Bin Laden (Dec. 19, 2000)	650	(10)
Notes and Questions	660	(6)
Congressional Authority for Surveillance: The Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act	666	(32)
United States v. Duggan	666	(11)
Notes and Questions	677	(1)
The Mechanics of FISA	677	(14)
Separation of Powers Problems	691	(1)
Due Process	692	(1)
Fourth Amendment	693	(1)
Equal Protection	694	(1)
First Amendment	694	(2)
FISA Trends and Conclusions	696	(1)
Exercise	697	(1)
Executive Authority for National Security Investigations	698	(19)
Initiating Investigation	698	(1)
Executive Order No. 12,333	699	(1)
Attorney General's Guidelines on General Crimes, Racketeering Enterprise, and Domestic Security/Terrorism Investigations	700	(4)
Attorney General Guidelines for FBI Foreign Intelligence Collection and Foreign Counterintelligence Investigations	704	(1)
Notes and Questions	705	(3)
Choosing and Regulating the Means of Investigation	708	(1)
Attorney General's Guidelines on General Crimes, Racketeering Enterprise, and Domestic Security/Terrorism Investigations	708	(1)
Attorney General Guidelines for FBI Foreign Intelligence Collection and Foreign Counterintelligence Investigations	709	(2)
Notes and Questions	711	(1)
Cooperation Among Intelligence Agencies: The CIA-FBI Handoff	712	(4)
Notes and Questions	716	(1)
Profiling Suspects for Investigation	717	(11)
William C. Banks, The ``L.A. Eight'' and Investigation of Terrorist Threats in the United States	717	(4)
Notes and Questions	721	(1)
Investigative Profiling Based on Race, Ethnicity, or National Origin	722	(4)
Investigative Profiling Based on Immigration Status	726	(1)
Investigative Profiling Based on Expressive Activities	727	(1)
Preventive Detention	728	(9)
U.S. Department of Justice, Affidavit in Re: Osama Mohamed Bassiouny Elfar	729	(3)
Notes and Questions	732	(5)
Consequence Management: When the Worst Happens	737	(88)
Thinking the Unthinkable: Planning a Response to a Terrorist Attack	738	(3)
Notes and Questions	740	(1)
Who's In Charge? Taking Command of the Situation	741	(54)
Assigning Lead Agency Responsibility	741	(1)
Civil Defense Redux	741	(2)
After Oklahoma City	743	(3)
Search for Leadership	746	(2)
Notes and Questions	748	(2)
Addressing Medical Emergencies	750	(1)
Case Study: A Plague on Your City	750	(3)
Thomas Inglesby, Rita Grossman & Tara O'Toole, A Plague on Your City: Observations from TOPOFF	753	(1)
Notes and Questions	754	(1)
Statutory and Regulatory Authority	755	(2)
Public Health Service Act	757	(1)
Interstate Quarantine Regulations	758	(1)
Notes and Questions	759	(2)
Civil Liberties Implications	761	(2)
Notes and Questions	763	(1)
The Role of the Armed Forces	764	(1)
The Military in American Society	765	(1)
Bissonette v. Haig	765	(6)
Notes and Questions	771	(7)
Military Responsibility for ``Homeland Security''	778	(5)
Notes and Questions	783	(2)
Marital Law: When Planning Fails	785	(1)
Ex parte Milligan	786	(3)
Notes and Questions	789	(2)
Continuity of Government	791	(2)
Notes and Questions	793	(2)
Special Threats to Civil Liberties in a Crisis	795	(24)
Profiling After the Attack	795	(1)
Korematsu v. United States (1944)	796	(6)
Notes and Questions	802	(8)
Suspension of the Writ of Habeas Corpus	810	(1)
Ex parte Milligan	811	(2)
Notes and Questions	813	(3)
Restraints on Speech and Press	816	(2)
Notes and Questions	818	(1)
The Role of the Courts in a Crisis	819	(6)
Notes and Questions	821	(2)
Exercise: Responding to a Bioterrorist Attack	823	(2)
Trying International Terrorists	825	(84)
Criminalizing Sedition, Terrorism, and Support for Terrorism	826	(14)
United States v. Rahman	826	(6)
Humanitarian Law Project v. Reno	832	(5)
Notes and Questions	837	(3)
The Long Arm of the Law: Extraterritorial Criminal Jurisdiction	840	(11)
United States v. Bin Laden (March 13, 2000)	841	(6)
Notes and Questions	847	(4)
Bringing Them Back Alive: Extradition and Other Rendition	851	(19)
United States-Mexico Extradition Treaty	852	(3)
United States v. Alvarez-Machain	855	(7)
Notes and Questions	862	(1)
Extradition	862	(3)
Other Rendition	865	(5)
Trying Terrorists and Other International Criminals	870	(39)
Secret Information in Proceedings Against Terrorists	870	(1)
Using Secret Evidence Against Terrorists and Their Supporters	871	(1)
American-Arab Anti-Discrimination Committee v. Reno	871	(5)
Notes and Questions	876	(4)
The Classified Information Procedures Act	880	(1)
United States v. Lee	880	(4)
Notes and Questions	884	(5)
Trial by Military Commissions	889	(1)
Ex parte Milligan	889	(4)
Ex parte Quirin	893	(4)
Military Order of November 13, 2001	897	(4)
Notes and Questions	901	(5)
Trial in Foreign or International Courts	906	(3)
Part IV. PROTECTING NATIONAL SECURITY INFORMATION IN A DEMOCRATIC SOCIETY	909	(140)
Public Access to National Security Information	911	(69)
Arvin S. Quist, Security Classification of Information	912	(3)
Executive Order No. 12,958---Classified National Security Information	915	(8)
Executive Order No. 12,958	915	(4)
Notes and Questions	919	(4)
The Freedom of Information Act	923	(27)
Citizen's Guide on How to Use the Freedom of Information Act	923	(1)
The Statutory Text	924	(1)
Freedom of Information Act	924	(4)
Notes and Questions	928	(5)
Statutory Exemptions and Judicial Review	933	(1)
Ray v. Turner	933	(9)
Notes and Questions	942	(8)
Other Open Government Laws	950	(5)
Presidential Records Act	950	(3)
Privacy Act	953	(1)
Open Meetings Laws	954	(1)
Common Law Right to Know	955	(2)
Schwartz v. United States Department of Justice	955	(1)
Notes and Questions	956	(1)
Constitutional Right to Know	957	(13)
Nation Magazine v. United States Department of Defense	957	(8)
Notes and Questions	965	(5)
Protecting ``State Secrets'' in Litigation	970	(10)
Halkin v. Helms	970	(5)
Notes and Questions	975	(5)
Restraining Leaks of National Security Information	980	(32)
Restraining Leaks by Contract	981	(16)
The CIA Precedents	981	(1)
United States v. Marchetti	981	(3)
Snepp v. United States	984	(4)
Notes and Questions	988	(2)
Nondisclosure Agreements and Lifetime Prepublication Review	990	(1)
Classified Information Nondisclosure Agreement (SF 189)	991	(1)
Sensitive Compartmented Information Nondisclosure Agreement (SF 4193)	992	(1)
Notes and Questions	992	(5)
Restraining Leaks by Espionage Prosecutions	997	(15)
United States v. Morison	999	(4)
Notes and Questions	1003	(7)
Exercise: An Anti-Leak Law	1010	(2)
Restraints on Publication of National Security Information	1012	(37)
Case Study: The Pentagon Papers Litigation	1013	(31)
The Roles of Lawyers and Journalists	1013	(3)
Notes and Questions	1016	(4)
The Government's Case	1020	(1)
A Statutory Basis: The Espionage and Censorship Act	1020	(2)
Notes and Questions	1022	(3)
The Inherent Power of the Executive to Maintain National Security	1025	(1)
The Government Put to Its Proof	1026	(2)
Notes and Questions	1028	(3)
New York Times Co. v. United States	1031	(9)
Notes and Questions	1040	(4)
Nuclear Secrets and The Progressive: The Extreme Case?	1044	(5)
Notes and Questions	1046	(3)
Appendix---Constitution of the United States	1049	(8)
Table of Cases	1057	(6)
Index	1063