Natural Resources Law

by Klein, Christine A.; Cheever, Federico; Birdsong, Bret C.

• ISBN13: 9780735544611
• ISBN10: 0735544611
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 2005-02-01
• Publisher: Wolters Kluwer

Summary

This new casebook takes a distinctive place-based approach to convey the passion and drama lurking behind resource disputes and policy. Natural Resources Law: A Place-Based Book of Cases and Problems uses the same statutory interpretations and standards of review that other books treat as dry but necessary pieces of information, but brings them to life. the casebook can enliven your course through its: broad, national coverage that goes beyond traditional public lands issues to address a wide array of topics of interest to both eastern and western students place-based approach, which introduces most cases with a photo or map of the location under discussion along with a context-setting paragraph. The authors capture the love-of-place shared by most professors in the field; traditional resource users such as ranchers, miners, and loggers; and modern recreational users. skillful use of factually rich discussion problems, which introduce each group of cases. Many of these problems mirror traditional essay exam questions, while others raise contemporary policy issues. the book includes a balanced selection of foundational cases and new decisions: Utah Association of Counties v. Bush on Utah's Grand Staircase National Monument South Florida Water Management District v. Miccosukee Tribe of Indians on the Florida Everglades Mineral Policy Center v. Norton on administrative mining reform Kentuckians For The Commonwealth, Inc. v. Rivenburgh on Kentucky mountaintop mining Okanogan v. National Marine Fishery Service and Rio Grande Silvery Minnow v. Keys on ESA/water rights conflict Conti v. United States on Atlantic swordfishing permit Mobil Oil Exploration& Producing, Southeast, Inc. v. United States on North Carolina's Outer Banks the authors offer extra support for instructors: readings are grouped into discrete, assignment-sized chunks, allowing coverage of two to four cases or one problem during each class section emphasis is on primary sources, with relevant statutory and regulatory sections at the beginning of each chapter detailed Teacher's Manual answers all questions asked in the text a website and a CD-ROM provide PowerPoint slide and color versions of the photos in the casebook as well as photos of additional places a listserv alerts adopters to new materials available online, including edited versions of new judicial opinions as they are handed down

Table of Contents

Preface	xxiii
Acknowledgments	xxvii
Natural Resources Law and the Importance of Place	1	(34)
Discussion Problem: The Yellowstone Bison Herd	3	(2)
What Are Natural Resources?	5	(8)
In re Tortorelli	5	(3)
Paige v. Fairfield	8	(5)
What Is Conservation?	13	(5)
Robert B. Keiter, Keeping Faith with Nature	14	(2)
Edward O. Wilson, The Conservation Ethic	16	(2)
The Trust Notion	18	(6)
Edith Brown Weiss, The Planetary Trust: Conservation and Intergenerational Equity	18	(3)
Jeffrey M. Gaba, We Do Not Hold the Earth in Trust	21	(3)
The Importance of Place	24	(11)
Barbara Kingsolver, The Memory Place	24	(4)
Robert W. Adler, Addressing Barriers to Watershed Protection	28	(1)
Robert R.M. Verchick, Critical Space Theory: Keeping Local Geography in American and European Environmental Law	29	(1)
Eric T. Freyfogle, The Tragedy of Fragmentation	30	(5)
PART 1: FEDERAL LANDS	35	(544)
Federal Lands: An Introduction	37	(64)
Overview	37	(3)
Discussion Problem: Nye County, Nevada	40	(3)
Historical Background	43	(41)
The Birth of the Federal Public Domain	43	(2)
Pollard v. Hagan	45	(6)
United States v. Gardner	51	(5)
Land Grants to States	56	(4)
Branson School District v. Romer	60	(6)
Grants to Private Parties	66	(1)
Foust v. Lujan	67	(6)
From Grants to Management	73	(3)
United States v. Grimaud	76	(4)
Public Land Management and Environmental Quality	80	(1)
Stewart Udall, The Quiet Crisis	80	(4)
The Property Clause: Federal Authority and Federal Ownership	84	(17)
Camfield v. United States	85	(5)
Kleppe v. New Mexico	90	(5)
Minnesota v. Block	95	(6)
Federal Agencies: Authority and Limits	101	(154)
Overview	103	(1)
Discussion Problem: Improving Waterflows in Everglades National Park	104	(4)
Everglades National Park Establishment Act	106	(1)
National Park Service Organic Act of 1916	107	(1)
The Legal Framework for Federal Land Management Decisions: Some Elements of Place-Based Lawmaking	108	(15)
Statutory Mandates and Organic Acts	109	(1)
Robert L. Fischman, The National Wildlife Refuge System and the Hallmarks of Modern Organic Legislation	109	(3)
Tiered Decisionmaking: Planning and Implementation	112	(1)
Robert L. Fischman, The National Wildlife Refuge-System and the Hallmarks of Modern Organic Legislation	113	(2)
The Judicial Enforceability of Plans and Statutory Mandates	115	(1)
Norton v. Southern Utah Wilderness Alliance	116	(7)
The National Environmental Policy Act: Environmental Impact Assessment by Federal Agencies	123	(61)
An Overview	123	(1)
National Environmental Policy Act of 1969	124	(3)
Council on Environmental Quality Regulations on NEPA Implementation	127	(2)
Is an EIS Required? The Threshold Issues	129	(1)
Council on Environmental Quality Regulations on NEPA Implementation	129	(3)
Kleppe v. Sierra Club	132	(6)
National Parks & Conservation Association v. Babbitt	138	(9)
The Scope of Analysis: Cumulative Impacts, Segmentation, Tiering, and Alternatives	147	(1)
Council on Environmental Quality Regulations on NEPA Implementation	147	(2)
Kleppe v. Sierra Club	149	(4)
Sierra Club v. United States	153	(7)
The Adequacy of the EIS	160	(1)
Council on Environmental Quality Regulations on NEPA Implementation	161	(1)
Robertson v. Methow Valley Citizens Council	162	(6)
Dubois v. U.S. Department of Agriculture	168	(6)
New Information and the Duty to Supplement NEPA Analyses	174	(1)
Marsh v. Oregon Natural Resources Council	175	(5)
NEPA's Impact: Does It Force Better Decisionmaking?	180	(1)
Bradley C. Karkkainen, Toward a Smarter NEPA: Monitoring and Managing Government's Environmental Performance	181	(3)
Agency Action and the Conduct of Judicial Review Under the APA	184	(26)
Overview	184	(1)
Statutory Provisions	185	(1)
The Administrative Procedure Act	185	(3)
The Right to Judicial Review	188	(1)
Citizens to Preserve Overton Park, Inc. v. Volpe	188	(5)
Judicial Review of Agencies' Exercise of Discretion in Statutory Implementation	193	(1)
Mausolf v. Babbitt	193	(4)
Bicycle Trails Council of Marin v. Babbitt	197	(5)
Judicial Review of Agencies' Interpretation of Statutes	202	(1)
Southern Utah Wilderness Alliance v. Dabney	202	(8)
Jurisdictional Limitations on the Availability of Judicial Review	210	(42)
Standing	210	(1)
Sierra Club v. Morton	210	(9)
Lujan v. National Wildlife Federation	219	(15)
Friends of the Boundary Waters Wilderness v. Dombeck	234	(3)
Central South Dakota Cooperative Grazing Dist. v. U.S. Dep't of Agriculture	237	(3)
Ripeness	240	(1)
Ohio Forestry Ass'n v. Sierra Club	240	(6)
Exhaustion of Agency Remedies	246	(1)
Kleissler v. United States Forest Service	246	(6)
Discussion Problem: Power Plant Development on BLM Lands	252	(3)
Non-Federal Power on Federal Lands	255	(58)
Overview	256	(1)
Discussion Problem: Burying Nuclear Waste at Yucca Mountain	257	(1)
The Authority of State Law on Federal Land	258	(34)
Federal Preemption of State Regulation	258	(1)
Omaechevarria v. Idaho	258	(4)
Ventura County v. Gulf Oil Corp.	262	(5)
California Coastal Commission v. Granite Rock Company	267	(7)
Defining Non-Federal Interests in Federal Land: A Choice of Law Analysis	274	(2)
Sierra Club v. Hodel	276	(7)
Statutory Federalism: Congressionally Defined Roles for States	283	(1)
Coastal Zone Management Act of 1972	283	(3)
California v. Norton	286	(6)
Collaborative Management of Federal Natural Resources	292	(21)
National Parks & Conservation Ass'n v. Stanton	293	(7)
Miccosukee Tribe of Indians of Florida v. Southern Everglades Restoration Alliance	300	(9)
Discussion Problem: The Northwest Colorado Working Landscape Trust	309	(4)
Forests	313	(72)
Overview	313	(4)
Discussion Problem: Forest Management	317	(3)
Foundations of Federal Management: Congress Sets the Stage	320	(7)
Forest Service Organic Act of 1897	322	(2)
The Multiple Use-Sustained Yield Act of 1960	324	(3)
The Courts Intervene	327	(8)
Izaak Walton League v. Butz	327	(8)
Congress Strikes the Balance?	335	(6)
National Forest Management Act of 1976	335	(6)
The Courts Intervene, Again	341	(44)
The Planning Idea	341	(3)
Sierra Club v. U.S. Forest Service	344	(3)
Mountain States Legal Foundation v. Glickman	347	(3)
Sierra Club v. Marita	350	(7)
Discussion Problem: Quincy Library Group	357	(5)
The Standards Idea	362	(1)
Sierra Club v. Espy (I)	363	(5)
Sierra Club v. Espy (II)	368	(3)
Sierra Club v. Glickman	371	(5)
Sierra Club v. Peterson (I)	376	(1)
Sierra Club v. Peterson (II)	377	(4)
Discussion Problem: The Roadless Rule	381	(4)
Rangelands	385	(54)
The Statutory Framework and a Historical Primer	386	(13)
Taylor Grazing Act of 1934	387	(4)
Public Lands Council v. Babbitt	391	(2)
Federal Land Policy and Management Act	393	(4)
Public Rangelands Improvement Act	397	(2)
The Grazier's Interest in Public Lands	399	(11)
United States v. Fuller	399	(5)
Public Lands Council v. Babbitt	404	(6)
Protecting the Ecological Resources of the Federal Range	410	(24)
Natural Resources Defense Council v. Morton	410	(4)
Natural Resources Defense Council v. Hodel	414	(7)
National Wildlife Federation v. BLM	421	(9)
Proposed New Mexico Standards and Guidelines for Grazing Administration	430	(4)
Discussion Problem: Grazing Buyouts in the Grand Staircase-Escalante National Monument	434	(5)
Minerals	439	(78)
Overview	440	(3)
Hardrock Minerals: A Location System of Allocation	443	(43)
The Mechanics of the Mining Law	443	(1)
The Mining Law of 1872 As Amended	443	(6)
The Rights of Mining Claimants Before Discovery	449	(1)
Cole v. Ralph	449	(5)
The Discovery of Valuable Minerals: The Marketability Test	454	(1)
United States v. Coleman	454	(5)
The Rights of Mining Claimants After Discovery	459	(1)
United States v. Locke	460	(6)
United States v. Rizzinelli	466	(6)
Environmental Regulation of Mining Activities on Unpatented Claims	472	(1)
Hard Rock Mining on National Forest Lands	472	(1)
United States v. Weiss	472	(4)
Okanogan Highlands Alliance v. Williams	476	(3)
Hard Rock Mining on BLM Lands	479	(1)
Mineral Policy Center v. Norton	479	(7)
Discussion Problem: Open Pit Gold Mining on Native American Sacred Lands	486	(2)
The Energy-Producing (and Some Other) Minerals: Allocation by Lease	488	(21)
Duesing v. Udall	490	(4)
Conner v. Burford	494	(7)
Mobil Oil Exploration & Producing Southeast, Inc. v. United States	501	(8)
Discussion Problem: Coal Bed Methane Leasing and Development in the Powder River Basin	509	(4)
Discussion Questions	512	(1)
The Future of the Mining Law: Prospects for Reform	513	(4)
John D. Leshy, Mining Form Redux, Once More	513	(4)
Parks, Monuments, and Wilderness	517	(62)
Overview	518	(1)
A National Park ``System''	519	(19)
Discussion Problem: The National Park Service Mandate	522	(4)
Sierra Club v. Department of the Interior	526	(4)
The Fund for Animals v. Norton	530	(8)
National Monuments: Delegation of Congressional Authority	538	(14)
Antiquities Act of 1906	539	(1)
What Happened at Jackson Hole	540	(1)
89 Congressional Record 2233	541	(2)
State of Wyoming v. Franke	543	(4)
Grand Staircase-Escalante	547	(1)
Utah Association of Counties v. Bush	547	(5)
Wilderness: Congressional Limitation on Executive Control	552	(22)
Wilderness Act of 1964	553	(5)
Wilderness Selection	558	(1)
Discussion Problem: What Is Wilderness For?	558	(2)
Parker v. United States	560	(7)
Prohibited Activities	567	(1)
The Wilderness Society v. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service	567	(7)
Discussion Problem: The Great Sand Dunes --- From Monument to Park	574	(5)
Great Sand Dunes National Park and Preserve Act of 2000	575	(4)
PART 2: NON-FEDERAL LANDS	579	(146)
Tribal Lands and Resources	581	(44)
Discussion Problem	583	(2)
Indian Sovereignty and Federal Trust	585	(15)
Felix S. Cohen's Handbook of Federal Indian Law	587	(4)
United States v. Mitchell	591	(9)
Indian Resources on the Federal Conservation Estate	600	(11)
Lyng v. Northwest Indian, Cemetery Protective Ass'n	600	(6)
Bear Lodge Multiple Use Ass'n. v. Babbill	606	(5)
Natural Resources Crossing Tribal-State Borders	611	(14)
Puyallup Tribe, Inc. v. Washington Dep't of Game (Puyallup III)	611	(7)
Minnesota v. Mille Lacs Band of Chippewa	618	(7)
State Lands: The Public Trust Doctrine	625	(60)
Discussion Problem: Recreation and the Public Trust Doctrine	627	(2)
In the Beginning: Oyster Wars and Railroads	629	(12)
Martin v. Waddell's Lessee	629	(6)
Illinois Central Railroad Company v. Illinois	635	(6)
The Scope of the Trust: Submerged Lands Revisited	641	(10)
The Daniel Ball	642	(2)
Utah v. United States	644	(3)
Phillips Petroleum Co. v. Mississippi	647	(4)
The Trustee: The Authority and Duty of the States	651	(8)
Defenders of Wildlife v. Hull	652	(3)
Kootenai Envtl. Alliance, Inc. v. Panhandle Yacht Club, Inc.	655	(4)
The Trust Purposes: Benefits Accruing to the Public	659	(12)
National Audubon Society v. Superior Court (Mono Lake)	659	(8)
Neptune City v. Avon-by-the-Sea	667	(4)
Beyond the Traditional Doctrine: The Recreational Boating Saga	671	(7)
People v. Emmert	671	(4)
Montana Coalition for Stream Access, Inc. v. Hildreth	675	(3)
And Onto Dry Land?	678	(7)
Daytona Beach v. Tona-Rama, Inc.	678	(5)
Grayson v. Huntington	683	(2)
Private Lands: Conservation Transactions	685	(40)
Overview	686	(10)
Amy Wilson, Legacy of the Land: An Idaho Region Is Protecting Land From Rapid Development --- And Preserving a Treasured Way of Life	687	(1)
Jean Hocker, Land Trusts: Key Elements in the Struggle Against Sprawl	688	(6)
David Ottaway and Joe Stephens, Landing a Big One: Preservation, Private Development	694	(2)
Discussion Problem: Options for a Rancher	696	(3)
Jon Christensen, As a Real Estate Frenzy Grips the West, Conservationists Scramble to Save a Disappearing Landscape	696	(3)
What Is a Conservation Easement?	699	(13)
Uniform Conservation Easement Act	700	(3)
Madden v. The Nature Conservancy	703	(3)
Parkinson v. Board of Assessors (Parkinson I)	706	(2)
Parkinson v. Board of Assessors (Parkinson II)	708	(4)
What Is a Land Trust?	712	(11)
Charitable Contributions and Gifts	713	(5)
Great Northern Nekoosa Corp. v. United States	718	(5)
Discussion Problem: Options for a Rancher --- Revisited	723	(2)
PART 3: ACROSS THE BOUNDARIES	725	(360)
Wildlife and the Endangered Species Act	727	(98)
Overview	728	(6)
Reed Noss, Some Principles of Conservation Biology as They Apply to Environmental Law	729	(5)
Constitutional Foundations of Wildlife Law	734	(25)
A Place to Start	735	(1)
Geer v. Connecticut	735	(6)
The Treaty Power	741	(1)
Missouri v. Holland	741	(3)
The Property Clause	744	(1)
Wyoming v. United States	744	(5)
The Commerce Clause	749	(1)
National Association of Home Builders v. Babbitt	749	(5)
Gibbs v. Babbitt	754	(5)
The Endangered Species Act of 1973	759	(59)
The Endangered Species Act of 1973	759	(9)
Listing Under §4 (Deciding What to Protect)	768	(1)
Discussion Problem: Listing the Black-Tailed Prairie Dog	768	(2)
Officials Say No Easy Answers in Prairie Dog Debate	770	(1)
U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Vertebrate Population Policy	771	(3)
National Association of Homebuilders v. Norton	774	(7)
Defenders of Wildlife v. Norton	781	(6)
Consultation, Jeopardy and Adverse Modification Under §7	787	(1)
The Endangered Species Act of 1973	787	(9)
Tennessee Valley Authority v. Hill	796	(8)
Discussion Problem: The Canada Lynx and National Forest Management	804	(2)
The Take Prohibition of §9	806	(1)
The Endangered Species Act of 1973	806	(4)
Sweet Home Chapter of Communities for a Greater Oregon v. Babbitt	810	(8)
Species Protection in Place	818	(7)
Arizona Cattle Growers Association v. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service	818	(7)
Water	825	(106)
Overview	827	(3)
Discussion Problem: Creating a Water Law System	830	(1)
State Law	831	(51)
The Riparian Doctrine	831	(1)
Gordonsville v. Zinn	832	(5)
Hoover v. Crane	837	(3)
The Restatement (Second) of Torts	840	(1)
Robert H. Abrams, Charting the Course of Riparianism: An Instrumentalist Theory of Change	841	(2)
The Prior Appropriation Doctrine	843	(2)
Irwin v. Phillips	845	(3)
R.J.A., Inc. v. Water Users Ass'n	848	(4)
Thornton v. Fort Collins	852	(6)
Gary Paul Nabhan, Opinions: Phoenix Ignoring Drought Dilemma	858	(1)
Dan Walters, Op-Ed: Farm-to-City Water Shifts a Trend to Watch	859	(3)
Regulated Riparianism	862	(2)
Village of Tequesta v. Jupiter Inlet Corporation	864	(4)
Southwest Florida Water Management Dist. v. Charlotte County	868	(3)
American Society of Civil Engineers, The Regulated Riparian Model Water Code	871	(2)
Groundwater	873	(1)
Discussion Problem	873	(1)
Robert Glennon, Water Follies: Groundwater Pumping and the Fate of America's Fresh Waters	874	(3)
Wisconsin v. Michels Pipeline Construction, Inc.	877	(5)
The Federal Overlay	882	(36)
Federal Reserved Water Rights	884	(1)
Winters v. United States	884	(3)
United States v. New Mexico	887	(6)
The Dormant Commerce Clause	893	(1)
Sporhase v. Nebraska ex rel. Douglas	893	(5)
The Federal Clean Water Act	898	(1)
Clean Water Act	898	(1)
PUD No. 1 v. Washington Dep't of Ecology	898	(6)
South Florida Water Management District v. Miccosukee Tribe of Indians	904	(6)
The Federal Endangered Species Act	910	(1)
Alletta Belin, Why a Minnow Matters	910	(1)
Douglas Jehl, Rio Grande Choice: Take City's Water or Let Minnow Die	911	(2)
Rio Grande Silvery Minnow v. Keys	913	(5)
Place-Based Regimes	918	(13)
The Law of the River: Sharing the Colorado River	919	(1)
Kara Gillon, Watershed Down? The Ups and Downs of Watershed Management in the Southwest	919	(2)
The Pacific Northwest: Saving the Salmon	921	(1)
Michael C. Blumm, The Amphibious Salmon: The Evolution of Ecosystem Management in the Columbia River Basin	921	(3)
The Law of the Lakes: Resisting Great Lakes Water Export	924	(1)
Christine A. Klein, The Environmental Commerce Clause	924	(3)
The Florida Everglades: Replumbing an Ecosystem	927	(1)
Alfred R. Light, Ecosystem Management in the Everglades	927	(4)
Wetlands	931	(62)
Overview	932	(5)
Sam Wilson & Tom Moritz, eds., The Sierra Club Wetlands Reader	934	(1)
William S. Sipple, Wetland Functions and Values	935	(2)
Discussion Problem: The Great Salt Lake	937	(3)
Statutory and Regulatory Excerpts	940	(4)
The Clean Water Act of 1972	940	(2)
Army Corps of Engineers Wetlands Regulations	942	(2)
Which Wetlands Does §404 Regulate?	944	(16)
United States v. Riverside Bayview Homes, Inc.	947	(5)
Solid Waste Agency v. U.S. Army Corps of Engineers	952	(8)
Which Activities Does §404 Regulate?	960	(21)
The Clean Water Act of 1972	961	(1)
Army Corps of Engineers Wetlands Regulations	962	(1)
Avoyelles Sportsmen's League, Inc. v. Marsh	963	(5)
National Mining Ass'n v. U.S. Army Corps of Engineers	968	(7)
Kentuckians for the Commonwealth, Inc. v. Rivenburgh	975	(6)
The §404 Permit Process	981	(12)
Army Corps of Engineers Wetlands Regulation	982	(1)
Environmental Protection Agency Regulation	982	(1)
National Wildlife Federation v. Whistler	983	(4)
Fund for Animals, Inc. v. Rice	987	(6)
Natural Resources and Regulatory Takings	993	(64)
Discussion Problem: Windfalls and Wipeouts	995	(1)
A Brief Review of Regulatory Takings	996	(23)
The Ad Hoc Balancing Approach	996	(1)
Penn Central Transportation Co. v. New York	996	(5)
The Categorical Approach	1001	(1)
Lucas v. S. Carolina Coastal Council	1001	(8)
Tahoe-Sierra Preservation Council, Inc. v. TRPA	1009	(6)
The Give and Take of Resource Protection	1015	(1)
Abraham Bell & Gideon Parchomovsky, Givings	1015	(4)
Private Property Interests in Natural Resources	1019	(38)
The Threshold Inquiry: Identifying the Property Interest	1020	(1)
Conti v. United States	1020	(5)
Bruce Yandle & Andrew P. Morriss, The Technologies of Property Rights: Choice Among Alternative Solutions to Tragedies of the Commons	1025	(2)
Property Interests in Wetlands	1027	(1)
Good v. United States	1027	(5)
Palazzolo v. Rhode Island	1032	(8)
Property Interests in Water	1040	(1)
Tulare Lake Basin Water Storage District v. United States	1040	(6)
Okanogan v. National Marine Fisheries Service	1046	(4)
Property Interests in Forests	1050	(1)
Seiber v. United States	1050	(7)
Wildland Fire: Bringing It All Together	1057	(28)
Overview	1057	(5)
Discussion Problem: The Fire Dilemma	1062	(1)
Government Liability for Fire Management	1063	(7)
Rayonier Inc. v. United States	1064	(2)
Miller v. United States	1066	(4)
Responses to the Fire Dilemma	1070	(15)
The Healthy Forests Restoration Act of 2003	1070	(6)
Biodiversity Associates v. Cables	1076	(5)
2002 Supplemental Appropriations Act for Further Recovery from and Response to Terrorist Acts	1081	(4)
Table of Cases	1085	(6)
Table of Statutes	1091	(4)
Index	1095