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9781444312348

The Nature of the Environment, 4th Edition

by
  • ISBN13:

    9781444312348

  • ISBN10:

    1444312340

  • Format: eBook
  • Copyright: 2009-07-01
  • Publisher: Wiley-Blackwell
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Summary

The fourth edition of this highly acclaimed text on the natural environment of the earth has now been thoroughly revised and updated and includes a new chapter on The Organic World, more "windows", new illustrations, and a range of other features.Please visit the accompanying website at: http://www.blackwellpublishers.co.uk/goudie to view sample material from both the new edition and forthcoming instructor's manual online. Fully updated with an entirely new chapter, and new features throughout. Now features a list of key concepts and points for review. Includes increased number of windows, updated and expanded reading guides, and new plates and diagrams. Well illustrated with updated examples and case studies. Puts more stress on the importance of hazards, natural environmental changes, and human impacts.

Table of Contents

Preface
Acknowledgements
The Global Framework:
Global Geological Background
The Ancient Earth
Core, Mantle and Crust
The Nature of the Ocean Floors
The Surface of the Land
Earthquakes
The Shape of the Continents
The Question of Plates
Microplates and Exotic Terraces
The Earth's Rock Types
The Subdivisions of the Earth's History
Conclusions
Key Terms and Concepts
Points for Review
Further Reading for Chapter 1
Global Climatic Background
A Vertical Profile Through the Atmosphere
Global Climate
World Patterns of Precipitation
World Patterns of Temperature
The Major Climatic Zones
The Hydrological Cycle
Ocean Currents
Ocean Atmosphere Interactions
Climatic Change
Causes Long-Term Climatic Change
Sea-Level Changes
Future Climates
Conclusions
Key Terms and Concepts
Points for Review
Further Reading for Chapter 2
The Organic World
Major Vegetation Types
Human Modifications of Major Vegetation Types
Floral Realms
Faunal Realms
The World's Great Soil Orders
Human Modifications of Soil
Climatic Geomorphology: The Influence of Climate, Soil and Vegetation
Key Terms and Concepts
Points for Review
Further Reading for Chapter 3
Major World Zones:
Cold Environments
Polar Climates
Vegetation and Wildlife
Glacier Types
The Formation of Glacier Ice
How Glaciers Move
Glacial Erosion
Glacial Deposits
Glacier Ice and Sea-Level Changes
Permafrost
Ground Ice
Thermokarst
Ice Segregation and Frost Heaving
Frost Shattering and Soil Formation
Slope Processes, Avalanches and River Regimes
Key Terms and Concepts
Points for Review
Further Reading for Chapter 4
The Mid-latitudes
The Westerlies
Cyclones and Anticyclones
Air Masses
Cool Temperate Climates
Western Margin Warm Temperate Climates: The Mediterranean Type
Eastern Margin Warm Temperate Climates
Boreal Forest
Deciduous Forests
Mid-Latitude Grasslands
Mediterranean Evergreen Woodlands
Soils of Cool Temperate Climates
Soils of Warm Temperate Climates
The Impact of Climatic Change on the Landscape
Loess Sheets
Dry Valleys and Mis Fit Stream
Tors
Natural Hazards in Western Europe
Key Terms and Concepts
Points for Review
Further Reading for Chapter 5
Deserts
Introduction
What Causes Aridity?
Desert Rainfall
Desert Temperatures
Past Climates in Deserts
Desert Vegetation and Animals
Soils and Surface Materials
Insolation and Salt Weathering
Wind Action in Deserts
Sand Deposition - Dunes
The Work of Rivers
Desert Slopes
Dams, Reservoirs and Inter-Basin Water Transfer
Land Degradation
Problems of the Desert Realm
Key Terms and Concepts
Points for Review
Further Reading for Chapter 6
The Tropics
The General Atmospheric Circulation
The Wet Tropics
Tropical Season Climates
Monsoons
Tropical Disturbances
Tropical Rainforests
Secondary Forest
Tropical Seasonal Forest and Savannah
Mangrove Swamps
Coral Reefs
Weathering of Rocks
Slope Movements
Some Problems of the Humid Tropics
Key Terms and Concepts
Points for Review
Further Reading for Chapter 7
Mountain and Maritime Environments:
Mountains
Introduction
Mountain Climates
Snow and the Snow-Line
Mountain Vegetation
The Timber-Line
Alpine Tundra
Mountain Hazards
Changing Climates
Key Terms and Concepts
Points for Review
Further Reading for chapter 8
Coasts
Coastlines
Waves
Barrier Beaches and Related Forms
Tides
Storm Surges
Estuaries
Coastal Dunes
Salt Marshes
Coast Erosion
The Human Impact on the Coastline
Key Terms and Concepts
Points for Review
Further Reading for Chapter 9
Landscapes and Ecosystems:
Plants and Animals
Ecology and Ecosystems
Plants and Their Habitats
Life in the Oceans
Community
Succession
Dispersal and Migration of Plants
Dispersal and Migration of Animals
The Importance of Area
Human Impact on Plants and Animals
Domestication
Introductions
Pollution
Habitat Change
Extinction
Conservation
Key Terms and Concepts
Points for Review
Further Reading for Chapter 10
Tectonic Features
Introduction
Volcanoes
Intrusive Igneous Rocks
Earthquakes
Man-Made Seismic Activity
Faults
Folding
Key Terms and Concepts
Points for Review
Further Reading for Chapter 11
Slopes
Mass Movements
Slope Instability
Other Processes Operating on Slopes
Slope Forms
Slope Development Through Time
Key Terms and Concepts
Points for Review
Further Reading for Chapter 12
Soils and Weathering
Factors of Soil Formation
Soil Profiles
Types of Weathering
Mechanical Weathering
Chemical Weathering
Accelerated Soil Erosion
Key Terms and Concepts
Points for Review
Further Reading for Chapter 13
The Hydrological Cycle
Introduction
Precipitation
Interception
Evapotranspiration
Infiltration
Surface Runoff
Groundwater
Streamflow and the Hydrograph
Annual River Regimes
Lakes
Key Terms and Concepts
Points for Review
Further Reading for Chapter 14
Rivers
Introduction
Morphometry of Drainage Basins
Drainage Basin Patterns
Concave Long Profiles
Channel Cross-Section and Hydraulic Geometry
Channel Patterns
Flood Plains
Terraces
Deltas
Stream Transport
Rates of Fluvial Denudation
Floods
The Human Impact on Rivers
Key Terms and Concepts
Points for Review
Further Reading for Chapter 15
Cities
Introduction
The Climate of Cities
Air Pollution and its Problems
Urbanisation and River Flow
Thermal Pollution River Water
Soil Erosion and Sediment Yield Associated with Construction and Urbanisation
Animals in Cities
Key Terms and Concepts
Points for Review
Further Reading for Chapter 16
Conclusion:
Nature, Humans and the Environment
Introduction
Environmental Complexity
Environmental Interactions
The Importance of Scale
The Influence of Environment on Humans
The Human Impact
The Ever-Changing Environment
Humans or Nature?
Equifinality
The Relevance and Application of Physical Geography
Index
Table of Contents provided by Publisher. All Rights Reserved.

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