NCLEX-PN Exam Cram

by Rinehart, Wilda; Sloan, Diann; Hurd, Clara

• ISBN13: 9780789732675
• ISBN10: 078973267X
• Format: Paperback w/CD
• Copyright: 2005-01-01
• Publisher: Pearson Education

Summary

Prepare for your NCLEX-PNreg; exam with the most targeted book on the market. TheNCLEX-PNreg; Exam Cramblends the ideal level of discussion, lists and tables into an easily digestible format that allows you to train at your own pace. You will also find practice exams, notes, tips, exam alerts, skill highlights and the popular Cram Sheet tearcard, perfect for last-minute studying, included in this Exam Cram. Over 750 practice questions are included with many more on the CD-ROM, which will help you prepare for this Computer Adaptive Test. Also available to help you practice for the exam isNCLEX-PNreg;Practice Questions Exam Cram. Written by three experienced and well-educated RNs, theNCLEX-PNreg;Exam Cramis your best way to study quicker and score higher.

Author Biography

Wilda Rinehart received her associate degree in nursing from Northeast Mississippi Community College in Booneville, Mississippi. After working as a staff nurse and charge nurse, she became a public health nurse and served in that capacity for a number of years. In 1975, she received her Nurse Practitioner Certification in obstetric-gynecology from the University of Mississippi Medical Center in Jackson, Mississippi. In 1979, she completed her bachelor's of science degree in nursing from Mississippi University for Women and the following year completed her master's degree in nursing from the same university. In 1980, Ms. Rinehart accepted a faculty position at Northeast Mississippi Community College where she has taught medical-surgical nursing and obstetrical nursing. In 1982, she founded Rinehart and Associates Educational Consults. For the past 22 years, she and her associates have worked with nursing graduates and schools of nursing to assist graduates to pass the National Council Licensure Exam for Nursing. She has also worked with faculty who want to improve their item writing skills and as a curriculum consultant. Ms. Rinehart has served as a convention speaker throughout the southeastern United States and as a reviewer of medical-surgical and obstetric texts. She has coauthored NCLEXR review materials and is presently working on DVD and CD review programs. As president of Rinehart and Associates, she serves as coordinator of a company dedicated to improving the quality of health through nursing education. Dr. Diann Sloan holds an associate degree in nursing from Northeast Mississippi Community College, a bachelor's degree in nursing from the University of Mississippi, and a master's degree in nursing from Mississippi University for Women. In addition to her nursing degrees, she holds a master of science in education degree in counseling psychology from Georgia State University and a doctor of philosophy degree in counselor education, with minors in both psychology and educational psychology, from Mississippi State University. She has completed additional graduate studies in healthcare administration at Western New England College and the University of Mississippi. As a nurse educator, Dr. Sloan has taught pediatric nursing, psychiatric mental health nursing, and medical surgical nursing in both associate degree and baccalaureate nursing programs. As a member of Rinehart and Associates Nursing Review, Dr. Sloan has conducted test construction workshops for faculty and nursing review seminars for both registered and practical nurse graduates. She has coauthored materials used in the item writing workshops for nursing faculty and Rinehart and Associates Nursing Review. She is a member of Sigma Theta Tau nursing honor society. Clara Hurd is an associate degree nurse graduate of Northeast Mississippi Community College in Booneville, Mississippi (1975). Her experiences in nursing are clinically based, having served as a staff nurse in medical-surgical nursing. She has worked as an oncology, intensive care, orthopedics, neurological, and pediatric nurse. She received her bachelor of science degree in nursing from the University of North Alabama in Florence, Alabama, and her master's degree in nursing from the Mississippi University for Women in Columbus, Mississippi. She is currently serving as a nurse educator at Northeast Mississippi Community College teaching medical-surgical content. Ms. Hurd has taught in both associate degree and baccalaureate nursing programs. She was a faculty member of Mississippi University for Women; Austin Peay State University in Clarksville, Tennessee; and Tennessee State University in Nashville, Tennessee. Ms. Hurd joined Rinehart and Associates in 1993. She has worked with students in preparing for the National Council Licensure Exam and with faculty as a consultant in writing test items. Ms. Hurd has also been a presenter at nursing conventions on various topics, including item writing for nursing faculty. Her primary professional goal is to prepare the student and graduate for excellence in the delivery of healthcare.

Table of Contents

Introduction	xxiv
Self-Assessment	xxix
Chapter 1 Preparing for the National Council Exam for Licensed Practical Nurses	1	(10)
Preparing for the Exam	2	(5)
The Computer Adaptive Test	2	(1)
Testing Strategies	3	(1)
Reading the Question Carefully	4	(1)
Look for Keywords	4	(1)
Watch for Specific Details	5	(2)
Exam Prep Questions	7	(4)
Answer Rationales	9	(2)
Chapter 2 Simplifying Pharmacology	11	(30)
Pharmacology	12	(1)
Three Areas of Pharmacology	12	(1)
How Nurses Work with Pharmacology	13	(3)
Time-Released Drugs	14	(1)
Administering Medications	15	(1)
Understanding and Identifying the Various Drugs	16	(18)
Angiotensin-Converting Agents	17	(1)
Beta Adrenergic Blockers	18	(1)
Anti-Infectives (Aminoglycosides)	19	(1)
Benzodiazepines (Anticonvulsants/Sedative/Antianxiety)	20	(2)
Phenothiazines (Antipsychotic/Antiemetic)	22	(1)
Glucocorticoids	23	(2)
Antivirals	25	(1)
Cholesterol-Lowering Agents	26	(1)
Angiotensin Receptor Blockers	27	(2)
Cox 2 Enzyme Blockers	29	(1)
Histamine 2 Antagonists	30	(1)
Proton Pump Inhibitors	31	(1)
Anticoagulants	32	(1)
More Drug Identification Helpers	33	(1)
Herbals	34	(1)
Drug Schedules	35	(1)
Pregnancy Categories for Drugs	35	(1)
Exam Prep Questions	36	(5)
Answer Rationales	38	(3)
Chapter 3 Caring for the Client with Disorders of the Respiratory System	41	(14)
Acute Respiratory Failure	42	(2)
Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome	42	(1)
Respiratory Distress Syndrome	42	(1)
Pulmonary Embolus	43	(1)
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease	44	(2)
Chronic Bronchitis	44	(1)
Emphysema	45	(1)
Asthma	45	(1)
Acute Respiratory Infections	46	(2)
Pneumonia	46	(1)
Pleurisy	47	(1)
Tuberculosis	48	(1)
Emerging Infections	48	(2)
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome	49	(1)
Legionnaire's Disease	50	(1)
Diagnostic Tests for Review	50	(1)
Pharmacology Categories for Review	51	(1)
Exam Prep Questions	52	(3)
Answer Rationales	53	(2)
Chapter 4 Caring for the Client with Disorders of the Renal and Genitourinary System	55	(12)
Acute Glomerulonephritis	56	(1)
Chronic Glomerulonephritis	57	(1)
End Stage Renal Disease	58	(1)
Peritoneal Dialysis	58	(1)
Hemodialysis	58	(1)
Renal Transplants	59	(1)
Nephrotic Syndrome	59	(1)
Urinary Calculi	60	(1)
Urinary Tract Infections	60	(1)
Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia	61	(1)
Bladder Cancer	62	(1)
Diagnostic Tests for Review	63	(1)
Pharmacology Categories for Review	63	(1)
Exam Prep Questions	64	(3)
Answer Rationales	65	(2)
Chapter 5 Caring for the Client with Disorders of the Hematopoietic System	67	(10)
Anemia	68	(3)
Pernicious Anemia	68	(1)
Aplastic Anemia	69	(1)
Sickle Cell Anemia	69	(1)
Iron Deficiency Anemia	70	(1)
Cooley's Anemia (Thalassemia Major)	71	(1)
Hemophilia	71	(1)
Polycythemia Vera	71	(1)
Diagnostic Tests for Review	72	(1)
Pharmacology for Review	72	(2)
Exam Prep Questions	74	(3)
Answer Rationales	75	(2)
Chapter 6 Caring for the Client with Disorders of Fluid and Electrolyte Balance and Acid/Base Balance	77	(14)
Basic Knowledge of Fluid and Electrolyte Balance	78	(1)
Regulation of pH and Its Effect on Fluid and Electrolytes	79	(1)
How the Body Regulates pH	79	(1)
Metabolic Acidosis	79	(2)
Causes of Metabolic Acidosis	79	(1)
Symptoms of Metabolic Acidosis	80	(1)
Care of the Client with Metabolic Acidosis	80	(1)
Respiratory Acidosis	81	(2)
Causes of Respiratory Acidosis	82	(1)
Symptoms of Respiratory Acidosis	82	(1)
Caring for the Client with Respiratory Acidosis	83	(1)
Metabolic Alkalosis	83	(1)
Causes of Metabolic Alkalosis	83	(1)
Symptoms of Metabolic Alkalosis	84	(1)
Caring for the Client with Metabolic Alkalosis	84	(1)
Respiratory Alkalosis	84	(2)
Symptoms of Respiratory Alkalosis	85	(1)
Care of the Client with Respiratory Alkalosis	85	(1)
Normal Electrolyte Values	86	(1)
Changes Associated with Aging	86	(1)
Exam Prep Questions	87	(4)
Answer Rationales	88	(3)
Chapter 7 Caring for the Client with Burns	91	(18)
Burn Classifications	92	(3)
Burn Measurement with TBSA	94	(1)
Client Care for Burn Victims	95	(7)
The Emergent Phase	96	(4)
The Intermediate Phase	100	(1)
Dressings for Burns	101	(1)
The Rehabilitative Phase	102	(1)
Diagnostic Tests for Review	102	(1)
Pharmacology Categories for Review	103	(1)
Exam Prep Questions	104	(5)
Answer Rationales	105	(4)
Chapter 8 Caring for the Client with Sensorineural Disorders	109	(18)
Disorders of the Eyes	110	(7)
Intraocular Disorders	110	(3)
Retinal Disorders	113	(2)
Refractive Errors	115	(2)
Traumatic Injuries	117	(1)
Visual Tests for Review	117	(1)
Pharmacology Categories for Review	118	(1)
Ear Disorders	118	(3)
Otitis Externa	118	(3)
Assisting Clients with Hearing Loss	121	(1)
Diagnostic Tests for Review	121	(1)
Pharmacology Categories for Review	122	(1)
Exam Prep Questions	123	(4)
Answer Rationales	124	(3)
Chapter 9 Caring for the Client with Cancer	127	(18)
Cancer	128	(3)
American Cancer Society's Seven Warning Signs of Cancer	128	(1)
The Four Major Categories of Cancer	128	(1)
Risk Factors for Specific Cancers	129	(2)
Cancer Prevention	131	(1)
Patient Teaching	131	(1)
Management of the Client with Cancer	131	(4)
Radiation	132	(1)
Chemotherapy	133	(2)
Bone Marrow Transplantation	135	(2)
Types of Transplants	135	(1)
Nursing Care After Transplantation	136	(1)
Hodgkin's Lymphoma	137	(1)
Diagnosis of Hodgkin's Lymphoma	137	(1)
Prognosis of Hodgkin's Lymphoma	138	(1)
Treatment of Hodgkin's Lymphoma	138	(1)
10 Diagnostic Tests for Review	138	(1)
Pharmacology for Review	139	(2)
Exam Prep Questions	141	(4)
Answer Rationales	142	(3)
Chapter 10 Caring for the Client with Disorders of the Gastrointestinal System	145	(26)
Ulcers	146	(3)
Types of Ulcers	146	(3)
Inflammatory Bowel Disorders	149	(2)
Crohn's Disease (Regional Enteritis)	149	(1)
Ulcerative Colitis	150	(1)
Diverticulitis	151	(1)
Diagnosis of Diverticulitis	151	(1)
Treatment of Diverticulitis	151	(1)
Diseases Associated with the Liver	152	(9)
Hepatitis	152	(5)
Cirrhosis	157	(2)
Pancreatitis	159	(2)
Cholecystitis/Cholelithiasis	161	(3)
Symptoms of Cholecystitis	161	(1)
Symptoms of Cholcthiasis	161	(1)
Treatment of Cholecystitis	162	(1)
Diagnosis of Cholecystitis/Cholcthiasis	162	(1)
Treatment of Cholethiasis	163	(1)
Food-Borne Illnesses	164	(1)
Diagnostic Tests for Review	165	(1)
Pharmacology for Review	166	(1)
Exam Prep Questions	167	(4)
Answer Rationales	168	(3)
Chapter 11 Caring for the Client with Disorders of the Musculoskeletal System	171	(22)
Fractures	172	(5)
Treating Fractures	172	(3)
Compartment Syndrome	175	(1)
Osteomyelitis	176	(1)
Osteoporosis	177	(1)
Treatment of Osteoporosis	178	(1)
Gout	178	(2)
Treatment of the Client with Gout	179	(1)
Rheumatoid Arthritis	180	(1)
Treatment of Rheumatoid Arthritis	180	(1)
Musculoskeletal Surgical Procedures	181	(3)
Fractured Hip and Hip Replacement	181	(1)
Total Knee Replacement	182	(1)
Amputations	183	(1)
Assistive Devices for Ambulation	184	(2)
Crutches	184	(1)
Canes	185	(1)
Walkers	186	(1)
Diagnostic Tests for Review	186	(1)
Pharmacology for Review	187	(2)
Exam Prep Questions	189	(4)
Answer Rationales	190	(3)
Chapter 12 Caring for the Client with Disorders of the Endocrine System	193	(18)
Pituitary Disorders	194	(1)
Tumors of the Pituitary	194	(1)
Thyroid Disorders	195	(2)
Hypothyroidism	195	(1)
Hyperthyroidism	196	(1)
Parathyroid Disorders	197	(2)
Hypoparathyroidism	198	(1)
Hyperparathyroidism	198	(1)
Adrenal Gland Disorders	199	(2)
Adrenocortical Insuffiency (Addison's Disease)	200	(1)
Adrenocortical Hypersecretion (Cushing's Disease)	201	(1)
Diabetes Mellitus	201	(3)
Diagnostic Tests for Review	204	(1)
Pharmacology Categories for Review	205	(1)
Exam Prep Questions	206	(5)
Answer Rationales	208	(3)
Chapter 13 Caring for the Client with Disorders of the Cardiovascular System	211	(18)
Hypertension	212	(1)
Medications Used to Treat Hypertension	213	(1)
Heart Block	213	(4)
Toxicity to Medications	215	(1)
Malfunction of the Conduction System	216	(1)
Myocardial Infarction	217	(4)
Diagnosis of Myocardial Infarction	218	(1)
Management of Myocardial Infarction Clients	218	(3)
Buerger's Disease	221	(1)
Thrombophlebitis	222	(1)
Raynaud's	222	(1)
Aneurysms	222	(2)
Congestive Heart Failure	224	(1)
Diagnostic Tests for Review	224	(1)
Pharmacology Categories for Review	225	(1)
Exam Prep Questions	226	(3)
Answer Rationales	227	(2)
Chapter 14 Caring for the Client with Disorders of the Neurological System	229	(22)
Seizures	230	(3)
Types of Seizures	230	(2)
Treatment of Seizure Clients	232	(1)
Status Epilepticus	233	(1)
Brain Injuries	233	(1)
Epidural Hematomas	233	(1)
Subdural Hematonia	234	(1)
Treatment of Fpidural and Subdural Hematomas	234	(1)
Increased Intracranial Pressure	234	(3)
Treatment of ICP	236	(1)
Neurological Assessment	237	(3)
Cranial Nerve Assessment	237	(1)
Glasgow Coma Scale	238	(1)
Intracranial Pressure Monitors	239	(1)
Care of the Client with Intracranial Surgery (Craniotomy)	240	(1)
Spinal Cord Injury	241	(2)
Treatment of Spinal Cord Injuries	241	(1)
Potential Complications with SCI Clients	242	(1)
Guillain-Barré	243	(1)
Treating Clients with Guillian-Barre	243	(1)
Degenerative Neurological Disorders	244	(1)
Diagnostic Tests for Review	245	(1)
Pharmacology for Review	246	(1)
Exam Prep Questions	247	(4)
Answer Rationales	248	(3)
Chapter 15 Caring for the Client with Psychiatric Disorders	251	(26)
Anxiety-Related Disorders	252	(4)
Generalized Anxiety Disorder	253	(1)
Post-traumatic Stress Disorder	253	(1)
Dissociative Identity Disorder	254	(1)
Somatoform Disorder	254	(1)
Panic Disorder	255	(1)
Phobic Disorders	255	(1)
Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder	255	(1)
Personality Disorders	256	(4)
Cluster A	257	(1)
Cluster B	258	(1)
Cluster C	259	(1)
Managing Clients with Personality Disorders	260	(1)
Psychotic Disorders	260	(4)
Schizophrenia	260	(3)
Bipolar Disorders	263	(1)
Substance Abuse	264	(5)
Alcoholism	265	(1)
Other Commonly Abused Substances	266	(3)
Disorders of Childhood and Adolescence	269	(2)
Conduct Disorder	269	(1)
Oppositional Defiant Disorder	269	(1)
Attention Deficit Hyperactive Disorder	269	(1)
Eating Disorders	270	(1)
Diagnostic Tests for Review	271	(1)
Pharmacology Categories for Review	271	(1)
Exam Prep Questions	272	(5)
Answer Rationales	273	(4)
Chapter 16 Caring for the Maternal/Infant Client	277	(32)
Signs of Pregnancy	278	(1)
Presumptive Signs	278	(1)
Probable Signs	278	(1)
Positive Signs	279	(1)
Prenatal Care	279	(2)
Prenatal Diet and Weight Maintenance	279	(1)
Alpha-Fetoprotein Screening	280	(1)
Other Prenatal Diagnostic Tests	280	(1)
Measuring Fetal Heart Tones	281	(1)
Signs of Complications of Pregnancy	281	(1)
Types of Abortions	282	(1)
Abnormalities Effecting Pregnancy	283	(1)
Diabetes in Pregnancy	283	(1)
Preeclampsia	284	(1)
Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation	285	(1)
Cord Prolapse	285	(1)
Maternal Infections	286	(4)
Preterm Labor	290	(1)
Intrapartal Care	291	(3)
Stages of Labor	292	(1)
Phases of Labor	292	(1)
Important Terms You Should Know	292	(2)
Prelabor Testing	294	(1)
Fetal Monitoring	294	(3)
Pharmacologic Management of Labor	297	(1)
Postpartum Care	298	(1)
Terms Associated with the Normal Newborn	298	(1)
Rh Incompatibility	299	(1)
Contraception	300	(2)
Diagnostic Tests for Review	302	(1)
Pharmacology Categories for Review	303	(1)
Exam Prep Questions	304	(5)
Answer Rationales	306	(3)
Chapter 17 Caring for the Pediatric Client	309	(40)
Growth and Development	310	(7)
Infant (28 Days to 1 Year)	310	(2)
Toddler (1-3 Years)	312	(1)
Preschooler (3-5 Years)	313	(2)
School Age (6-12 Years)	315	(1)
Adolescence (12-18 Years)	316	(1)
Congenital Anomalies	317	(11)
Anomalies of the Gastrointestinal System	317	(5)
Anomalies of the Musculoskeltal System	322	(2)
Anomalies of the Cardiovascular System	324	(3)
Inborn Errors of Metabolism	327	(1)
Respiratory Disorders	328	(5)
Acute Otitis Media	329	(1)
Tonsillitis	329	(2)
Laryngotracheobronchitis	331	(1)
Acute Epiglottitis	331	(1)
Bronchiolitis	332	(1)
Cystic Fibrosis (Mucoviscidosis)	333	(1)
Gastrointestinal Disorders	333	(2)
Gastroenteritis	334	(1)
Pyloric Stenosis	334	(1)
Intussusception	335	(1)
Celiac (Gluten-induced Enteropathy, Celiac Sprue)	335	(1)
Cardiovascular Disorders	335	(4)
Rheumatic Fever	336	(1)
Kawasaki's Disease (Mucocutaneous Lymph Node Syndrome)	337	(2)
Musculoskeletal Disorders	339	(1)
Scoliosis	339	(1)
Legg-Calve-Perthes Disease (Coxa Plana)	339	(1)
Muscular Dystrophies	340	(1)
Childhood Cancer	340	(1)
Wilms Tumor (Nephroblastoma)	341	(1)
Leukemia	341	(1)
Osteogenic Sarcoma (Osteosarcoma)	341	(1)
Ingestion of Hazardous Substances	341	(2)
Salicylate Overdose	342	(1)
Acetaminophen (Tylenol) Overdose	342	(1)
Lead (Plumbism)	342	(1)
Iron Poisoning	343	(1)
Diagnostic Tests for Review	343	(1)
Pharmacology Categories for Review	344	(1)
Exam Prep Questions	345	(4)
Answer Rationales	346	(3)
Chapter 18 Cultural Practices Influencing Nursing Care	349	(20)
Cultural Diversity and Its Effect on Healthcare	350	(1)
Cultural Assessment	350	(2)
Understanding Client Beliefs	350	(1)
Working with Clients Who Speak Different Languages	351	(1)
Healthcare of Hispanics/Latinos	352	(2)
Time Considerations	353	(1)
Use of Nonverbal/Verbal Communication	354	(1)
Childbirth and Pain Response	354	(1)
Native Americans and Alaskan Natives	354	(2)
Time Considerations	355	(1)
Use of Nonverbal/Verbal Communication	355	(1)
Childbirth and Pain Response	355	(1)
Asian-Americans	356	(2)
Time Considerations	357	(1)
Use of Nonverbal/Verbal Communication	357	(1)
Childbirth and Pain Response	358	(1)
Arab-Americans	358	(2)
Time Considerations	359	(1)
Use of Nonverbal/Verbal Communication	359	(1)
Childbirth and Pain Response	359	(1)
Nursing Plan Dietary Considerations Across Cultures	360	(2)
Religious Beliefs and Refusal of Care Considerations	362	(2)
Exam Prep Questions	364	(5)
Answer Rationales	365	(4)
Chapter 19 Legal Issues in Nursing Practice	369	(16)
Legal Issues in Nursing Practice	370	(1)
Types of Laws	371	(2)
Statutory Laws/Regulatory Laws	371	(1)
Civil Law	371	(1)
Criminal Law	371	(1)
Common Law	372	(1)
Code of Ethical Behavior in Nursing Practice	373	(1)
Legalities That Affect Nursing Practice	374	(2)
Negligence	374	(1)
Malpractice	374	(1)
Assault	375	(1)
Torts	375	(1)
Fraud	375	(1)
Witnessing Consent for Care	375	(1)
Managing Client Care	376	(4)
Exam Prep Questions	380	(135)
Answer Rationales	381	(4)
Chapter 20 Practice Exam I	385	(36)
Chapter 21 Answers to Practice Exam I	421	(30)
Answer Rationales	423	(28)
Chapter 22 Practice Exam II	451	(36)
Chapter 23 Answers to Practice Exam II	487	(28)
Answer Rationales	489	(26)
Appendix A CD Contents and Installation Instructions	515	(4)
The CramMaster Engine	515	(1)
Multiple Test Modes	515	(1)
Pretest Mode	516	(1)
Adaptive Drill Mode	516	(1)
Simulated Exam Mode	516	(1)
Installing CramMaster for the NCLEX-PN® Exam	516	(1)
Using CramMaster for the NCLEX-PN® Exam	517	(1)
Customer Support	518
Appendix B Things You Forgot	on CD
Appendix C Alphabetical Listing of Nursing Boards in the United States and Protectorates	on CD
Appendix D Need to Know More?	on CD
Glossary	519	(24)
Index	543

Excerpts

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