Negotiating Identities

by Kastoryano, Riva; Harshav, Barbara

• ISBN13: 9780691010144
• ISBN10: 0691010145
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 2002-02-01
• Publisher: Princeton Univ Pr

Summary

Immigration is even more hotly debated in Europe than in the United States. In this pivotal work of action and discourse analysis, Riva Kastoryano draws on extensive fieldwork--including interviews with politicians, immigrant leaders, and militants--to analyze interactions between states and immigrants in France and Germany. Making frequent comparisons to the United States, she delineates the role of states in constructing group identities and measures the impact of immigrant organization and mobilization on national identity.Kastoryano argues that states contribute directly and indirectly to the elaboration of immigrants' identity, in part by articulating the grounds on which their groups are granted legitimacy. Conversely, immigrant organizations demanding recognition often redefine national identity by reinforcing or modifying traditional sentiments. They use culture--national references in Germany and religion in France--to negotiate new political identities in ways that alter state composition and lead the state to negotiate its identity as well.Despite their different histories, Kastoryano finds that Germany, France, and the United States are converging in their policies toward immigration control and integration. All three have adopted similar tactics and made similar institutional adjustments in their efforts to reconcile differences while tending national integrity.The author builds her observations into a model of ''negotiations of identities'' useful to a broad cross-section of social scientists and policy specialists. She extends her analysis to consider how the European Union and transnational networks affect identities still negotiated at the national level. The result is a forward-thinking book that illuminates immigration from a new angle.

Author Biography

Riva Kastoryano is a Senior Research Fellow at the National Center for Scientific Research and teaches at the Institute for Political Science. Both institutions are in Paris

Table of Contents

Acknowledgments	xi
Introduction	1	(1)
France, Germany, and the United States	2	(1)
Negotiating Identities	3	(3)
The Nation-State in Crisis	6	(2)
Citizenship and Multiculturalism	8	(3)
Methodology	11	(4)
The War of Words	15	(23)
On the Immigrant	16	(3)
Boundaries of Identity or ``Threshold of Tolerance''	19	(1)
The Battle of Numbers	20	(2)
Who is Who?	22	(4)
``The Right of Difference'' or ``Praise of Indifference''	26	(4)
Between Assimilation and Return	30	(4)
The Era of Communities	34	(4)
Representation of Political Traditions	38	(26)
On the Nature of Representation: An ``Ideal Nation''	40	(6)
Integration ``a la francaise''	40	(3)
Dream of German Unity	43	(2)
``E Pluribus Unum''	45	(1)
The Search for Social Cohesion	46	(7)
Religions and Social Cohesion	47	(4)
Defining New Solidarities	51	(2)
Limits of Representation	53	(11)
The Category of Experience	53	(5)
Representation Stops at the Law	58	(6)
The Territories of Identity	64	(21)
Incompatible Equations	65	(3)
The Ethnicization of Territory	68	(4)
Suburbs in France: Places Managed by Tension	69	(2)
``Colonies'' of Turks in Germany	71	(1)
Area and Era of Tensions	72	(3)
Social Immobility and ``Ghettos''	72	(2)
Violence, Rage, and Fears	74	(1)
In Search of the Social Bond	75	(10)
Universality and Ethnicity	76	(2)
Redefining Solidarities in France	78	(4)
A ``Multicultural'' Germany	82	(3)
The Invention of the Cultural	85	(14)
The Reappropriation of a Cultural Identity in France	86	(3)
The Assertion of Cultural Identity in Germany	89	(3)
``Islam is Everywhere!''	92	(7)
An Imagined Transnational Cultural Community	96	(3)
The Politicization of Identities in France	99	(18)
The Emergence of New Divisions	101	(5)
Republican Rhetoric	101	(2)
The Emergence of an Ethnic Market	103	(3)
Forming a Community	106	(6)
``Thwarting Islam''	106	(1)
``Forming a Muslim Community''	107	(3)
Between the Mosque and the School	110	(2)
The Recall of the Universal	112	(5)
French Laicite	112	(1)
Islam in the Feminine	113	(4)
The Politicization of Identities in Germany	117	(23)
Religious Pluralism and Islam	119	(4)
Between the Head Scarf and the Crucifix	119	(2)
A Place for Islam	121	(2)
The Construction of an Ethnic Community	123	(5)
The Impossible Religious Community	123	(2)
In Search of a National Community	125	(3)
Ethnic or Minority Community	128	(12)
The Construction of a National Minority	129	(7)
A Minority in the Minority	136	(4)
The Negotiation of Identities	140	(24)
The Question of Citizenship	142	(9)
Citizenship and Political Commitment	143	(2)
Citizenship, Nationality, and Identity	145	(6)
A Question of Recognition	151	(13)
A French Islam	151	(5)
A Turkish Minority in Germany	156	(8)
The European Union: New Space for Negotiating Identities	164	(17)
Universality and Particularity	165	(5)
Rights of Solidarity, Rights of Minorities	166	(2)
Between Market and Union	168	(1)
The Issue of Sovereignty	169	(1)
Transnationality and Nationality	170	(5)
Transnational Strategies and National Realities	171	(1)
The Immigrant Forum	172	(1)
The Informal Networks and Islam	173	(2)
``Postnational Citizenship'' and European Identity	175	(6)
Institutional Practices and European Identity	176	(2)
Nationality or European Citizenship?	178	(3)
Conclusion	181	(6)
Paradoxes	181	(2)
The Limits of Recognition	183	(1)
Inclusive Indifference	184	(3)
Notes	187	(14)
Bibliography	201	(20)
Index	221