Nelson Textbook of Pediatrics

by Behrman, Richard E.

• ISBN13: 9780721677675
• ISBN10: 0721677673
• Edition: 16th
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 1999-10-01
• Publisher: Elsevier Science Health Science div

Summary

The best-selling classic is back in its 16th Edition, updated to keep pace with the state-of-the-art in pediatrics. Provides complete, authoritative information on etiology, epidemiology, pathology, pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, prevention, treatment, and prognosis for all medical and surgical disorders in children. Covers both general and specialty disorders, so readers can find all the material they need in one source. This edition features a revamped and updated genetics section and new coverage in endocrinology.

Table of Contents

PART I The Field of Pediatrics	1	(22)
CHAPTER 1 Overview of Pediatrics	1	(4)
Richard E. Behrman
CHAPTER 2 Ethics in Pediatric Care	5	(4)
Norman Fost
CHAPTER 3 Cultural Issues in Pediatric Care	9	(2)
Kenneth Fox
CHAPTER 4 Child Health in the Developing World	11	(3)
Jeffrey L. Goldhagen
CHAPTER 5 Preventive Pediatrics	14	(5)
Theodore C. Sectish
CHAPTER 6 The Well Child	19	(4)
Paul L. McCarthy
PART II Growth and Development	23	(43)
Robert D. Needlman
CHAPTER 7 Overview and Assessment of Variability	23	(4)
CHAPTER 8 Fetal Growth and Development	27	(3)
CHAPTER 9 The Newborn	30	(2)
CHAPTER 10 The First Year	32	(6)
CHAPTER 11 The Second Year	38	(5)
CHAPTER 12 Preschool Years	43	(7)
CHAPTER 13 Early School Years	50	(2)
CHAPTER 14 Adolescence	52	(5)
CHAPTER 15 Assessment of Growth	57	(4)
CHAPTER 16 Development Assessment	61	(5)
PART III Psychologic Disorders	66	(39)
CHAPTER 17 Assessment and Interviewing	66	(4)
17.1 The Clinical Interview (History)	66	(3)
William H. Hetznecker
Marc A. Forman
Jorge H. Daruna
17.2 Psychosocial Problems	69	(1)
Richard Dalton
Marc A. Forman
CHAPTER 18 Psychiatric Considerations of Central Nervous System Injury	70	(1)
Richard Dalton
Marc A. Forman
CHAPTER 19 Psychosomatic Illness	70	(2)
Richard Dalton
Marc A. Forman
CHAPTER 20 Vegetative Disorders	72	(3)
Charles Scott
Richard Dalton
20.1 Rumination Disorder	72	(1)
20.2 Pica	72	(1)
20.3 Enuresis	72	(1)
20.4 Encopresis	73	(1)
20.5 Sleep Disorders	73	(2)
Ronald L. Ariagno
Majid Mirmiran
CHAPTER 21 Habit Disorders	75	(1)
Richard Dalton
CHAPTER 22 Anxiety Disorders	76	(2)
Richard Dalton
CHAPTER 23 Mood Disorders	78	(2)
Richard Dalton
Marc A. Forman
23.1 Major Depression	78	(1)
23.2 Dysthymic Disorder	79	(1)
23.3 Bipolar Disorder	80	(1)
CHAPTER 24 Suicide and Attempted Suicide	80	(2)
Richard Dalton
CHAPTER 25 Disruptive Behavioral Disorders	82	(2)
Richard Dalton
CHAPTER 26 Sexual Behavior and Its Variations	84	(3)
Richard Dalton
26.1 Gender Identity Disorder	85	(1)
26.2 Homosexuality	86	(1)
CHAPTER 27 Pervasive Developmental Disorders and Childhood Psychosis	87	(2)
Richard Dalton
Marc A. Forman
27.1 Autistic Disorder	87	(1)
27.2 Asperger Disorder	88	(1)
27.3 Childhood Disintegrative Disorder	88	(1)
27.4 Rett Disorder	88	(1)
27.5 Childhood Schizophrenia	88	(1)
CHAPTER 28 Psychologic Treatment of Children and Adolescents	89	(5)
Richard Dalton
28.1 Illness and Death	89	(1)
28.2 Psychopharmacology	90	(3)
28.3 Psychotherapy	93	(1)
28.4 Psychiatric Hospitalization	93	(1)
CHAPTER 29 Neurodevelopmental Dysfunction in the School-Aged Child	94	(11)
29.1 Patterns of Development and Function	94	(6)
Melvin D. Levine
29.2 Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder	100	(3)
Jorge H. Daruna
Richard Dalton
Marc A. Forman
29.3 Specific Reading Disability (Dyslexia)	103	(2)
G. Reid Lyon
Sally E. Shaywitz
PART IV Social Issues	105	(15)
CHAPTER 30 Adoption	105	(1)
Mark D. Simms
CHAPTER 31 Foster Care	105	(1)
Mark D. Simms
CHAPTER 32 Child Care	106	(1)
Paul H. Dworkin
CHAPTER 33 Separation and Death	107	(2)
Marc A. Forman
Richard Dalton
CHAPTER 34 Impact of Violence on Children	109	(1)
Marilyn Augustyn
Barry Zuckerman
CHAPTER 35 Abuse and Neglect of Children	110	(10)
Charles F. Johnson
35.1 Sexual Abuse	115	(2)
35.2 Nonorganic Failure to Thrive (NOFTT)	117	(1)
35.3 Munchausen Syndrome by Proxy	118	(2)
PART V Children with Special Health Needs	120	(18)
CHAPTER 36 Failure to Thrive	120	(1)
Howard Bauchner
CHAPTER 37 Developmental Disabilities and Chronic Illness: An Overview	121	(8)
James M. Perrin
Jack P. Shonkoff
37.1 Chronic Illness in Childhood	123	(2)
James M. Perrin
37.2 Mental Retardation	125	(4)
Jack P. Shonkoff
CHAPTER 38 Pediatric Palliative Care: The Care of Children with Life-Limiting Illness	129	(4)
Stephen Liben
CHAPTER 39 Children at Special Risk	133	(5)
Richard E. Behrman
PART VI Nutrition	138	(51)
John S. Curran
Lewis A. Barness
CHAPTER 40 Nutritional Requirements	138	(11)
40.1 Water	138	(1)
40.2 Energy	138	(3)
40.3 Proteins	141	(1)
40.4 Carbohydrates	142	(1)
40.5 Fats	142	(1)
40.6 Minerals	143	(1)
40.7 Vitamins	143	(4)
40.8 Miscellaneous Factors	147	(2)
40.9 Evaluation of Diet	149	(1)
CHAPTER 41 The Feeding of Infants and Children	149	(20)
41.1 Breast-Feeding	150	(4)
41.2 Formula Feeding	154	(11)
41.3 Other Foods	165	(1)
41.4 First-Year Feeding Problems	166	(1)
41.5 Feeding During the Second Year of Life	167	(1)
41.6 Later Childhood and Adolescence	168	(1)
CHAPTER 42 Malnutrition	169	(3)
42.1 Marasmus (Infantile Atrophy, Inanition, Athrepsia)	169	(1)
42.2 Protein Malnutrition (Protein-Calorie Malnutrition [PCM], Kwashiorkor)	169	(2)
42.3 Malnutrition in Children Beyond Infancy	171	(1)
42.4 Protein Excess	172	(1)
CHAPTER 43 Obesity	172	(4)
CHAPTER 44 Vitamin Deficiencies and Excesses	176	(13)
44.1 Vitamin A Deficiency	176	(3)
44.2 Vitamin B Complex Deficiency	179	(1)
44.3 Thiamine Deficiency (Beriberi)	179	(1)
44.4 Riboflavin Deficiency (Ariboflavinosis)	179	(1)
44.5 Niacin Deficiency (Pellagra)	180	(1)
44.6 Pyridoxine (Vitamin B(6)) Deficiency	181	(1)
44.7 Biotin Deficiency	182	(1)
44.8 Folate Deficiency	182	(1)
44.9 Vitamin C (Ascorbic Acid) Deficiency (Scurvy)	182	(2)
44.10 Rickets of Vitamin D Deficiency	184	(3)
44.11 Tetany of Vitamin D Deficiency (Infantile Tetany)	187	(1)
44.12 Hypervitaminosis D	187	(1)
44.13 Vitamin E Deficiency	188	(1)
44.14 Vitamin K Deficiency	188	(1)
PART VII Pathophysiology of Body Fluids and Fluid Therapy	189	(39)
Raymond D. Adelman
Michael J. Solhaug
CHAPTER 45 Water	189	(4)
CHAPTER 46 Sodium	193	(3)
CHAPTER 47 Potassium	196	(2)
CHAPTER 48 Chloride	198	(2)
CHAPTER 49 Calcium	200	(1)
CHAPTER 50 Magnesium	201	(1)
CHAPTER 51 Phosphorus	202	(2)
CHAPTER 52 Hydrogen Ion	204	(7)
CHAPTER 53 Fluid Therapy	211	(4)
CHAPTER 54 Principles of Therapy	215	(3)
CHAPTER 55 Fluid and Electrolyte Treatment of Specific Disorders	218	(10)
55.1 Acute Diarrhea and Oral Rehydration	218	(1)
55.2 Diarrhea in Chronically Malnourished Children	219	(1)
55.3 Congenital Alkalosis of Gastrointestinal Origin	219	(1)
55.4 Pyloric Stenosis	219	(1)
55.5 Fasting and Thirsting	219	(1)
55.6 Electrolyte Disturbances Associated with Central Nervous System Disorders	220	(1)
55.7 Perioperative Fluids	220	(1)
55.8 Isolated Disturbances in Blood pH and Concentrations of Electrolytes	220	(4)
55.9 Tetany	224	(4)
PART VIII The Acutely Ill Child	228	(85)
CHAPTER 56 Evaluation of the Sick Child in the Office and Clinic	228	(3)
Paul L. McCarthy
CHAPTER 57 Injury Control	231	(6)
Frederick P. Rivara
David Grossman
CHAPTER 58 Emergency Medical Services for Children	237	(7)
Dena R. Brownstein
Frederick P. Rivara
CHAPTER 59 Pediatric Critical Care: An Overview	244	(1)
Lorry R. Frankel
CHAPTER 60 Interfacility Transfer of the Critically Ill Infant and Child	245	(1)
Lorry R. Frankel
CHAPTER 61 Effective Communication with Families in the PICU	246	(1)
Lawrence H. Mathers, Jr.
Lorry R. Frankel
CHAPTER 62 Monitoring of the Critically Ill Infant and Child	247	(3)
Lorry R. Frankel
CHAPTER 63 Scoring Systems and Predictors of Mortality	250	(1)
Joseph V. DiCarlo
Lorry R. Frankel
CHAPTER 64 Stabilization of the Critically Ill Child	251	(23)
64.1 Pediatric Emergencies and Resuscitation	251	(11)
Lawrence H. Mathers, Jr.
Lorry R. Frankel
64.2 Shock	262	(4)
Lorry R. Frankel
Lawrence H. Mathers, Jr.
64.3 Respiratory Distress and Failure	266	(2)
Melinda T. Derish
Lorry R. Frankel
64.4 Mechanical Ventilation	268	(3)
Melinda T. Derish
Lorry R. Frankel
64.5 Renal Stabilization	271	(1)
Joseph V. DiCarlo
64.6 Nutritional Stabilization	271	(1)
Joseph V. DiCarlo
64.7 Neurologic Stabilization	272	(2)
Joseph V. DiCarlo
Lorry R. Frankel
CHAPTER 65 Acute (Adult) Respiratory Distress Syndrome	274	(1)
Joseph V. DiCarlo
Lorry R. Frankel
CHAPTER 66 Special Therapies	275	(1)
66.1 Unconventional Forms of Respiratory Support	275	(1)
Melinda T. Derish
CHAPTER 67 Continuous Hemofiltration	276	(1)
Joseph V. DiCarlo
CHAPTER 68 Transplatation Issues in the PICU	276	(3)
Lawrence H. Mathers, Jr.
Lorry R. Frankel
CHAPTER 69 Drowning and Near-Drowning	279	(8)
Harry J. Kallas
CHAPTER 70 Burn Injuries	287	(7)
Alia Y. Antoon
Mary K. Donovan
CHAPTER 71 Cold Injuries	294	(1)
Alia Y. Antoon
Mary K. Donovan
CHAPTER 72 Withdrawal or Withholding of Life Support, Brain Death, and Organ Procurement	295	(2)
Lorry R. Frankel
Lawrence H. Mathers, Jr.
CHAPTER 73 Anesthesia and Perioperative Care	297	(9)
Charles B. Berde
William S. Schechter
CHAPTER 74 Pain Management in Children	306	(7)
Christine D. Greco
Charles B. Berde
PART IX Human Genetics	313	(30)
CHAPTER 75 Molecular Basis of Genetic Disorders	313	(4)
Larry Shapiro
CHAPTER 76 Molecular Diagnosis of Genetic Diseases	317	(4)
Larry Shapiro
CHAPTER 77 Patterns of Inheritance	321	(4)
Larry Shapiro
CHAPTER 78 Chromosomal Clinical Abnormalities	325	(8)
Judith G. Hall
CHAPTER 79 Gene Therapy	333	(7)
Gregory A. Grabowski
Jeffrey A. Whitsett
CHAPTER 80 Genetic Counseling	340	(3)
Judith G. Hall
PART X Metabolic Diseases	343	(108)
CHAPTER 81 An Approach to Inborn Errors of Metabolism	343	(1)
Iraj Rezvani
David S. Rosenblatt
CHAPTER 82 Defects in Metabolism of Amino Acids	344	(33)
82.1 Phenylalanine	344	(3)
Iraj Rezvani
82.2 Tyrosine	347	(3)
Iraj Rezvani
82.3 Methionine	350	(2)
Iraj Rezvani
82.4 Cysteine/Cystine	352	(1)
Iraj Rezvani
82.5 Tryptophan	353	(1)
Iraj Rezvani
82.6 Valine, Leucine, Isoleucine, and Related Organic Acidemias	354	(8)
Iraj Rezvani
David S. Rosenblatt
82.7 Glycine	362	(3)
Iraj Rezvani
82.8 Serine	365	(1)
Iraj Rezvani
82.9 Proline and Hydroxyproline	365	(1)
Iraj Rezvani
82.10 Glutamic Acid	366	(1)
Iraj Rezvani
82.11 Urea Cycle and Hyperammonemia (Arginine, Citrulline, Ornithine)	367	(5)
Iraj Rezvani
82.12 Histidine	372	(1)
Iraj Rezvani
82.13 Lysine	373	(2)
Iraj Rezvani
82.14 Aspartic Acid (Canavan Disease)	375	(2)
Reuben K. Matalon
CHAPTER 83 Defects in Metabolism of Lipids	377	(28)
83.1 Disorders of Mitochondrial Fatty Acid Oxidation	377	(4)
Charles A. Stanley
83.2 Disorders of Very Long Chain Fatty Acids	381	(6)
Hugo W. Moser
83.3 Disorders of Lipoprotein Metabolism and Transport	387	(11)
Andrew M. Tershakovec
Daniel J. Rader
83.4 Lipidoses	398	(7)
Margaret M. McGovern
Robert J. Desnick
83.5 Mucolipidoses	405	(1)
Margaret M. McGovern
Robert J. Desnick
CHAPTER 84 Defects in Metabolism of Carbohydrates	405	(15)
Yuan-Tsong Chen
84.1 Glycogen Storage Diseases	406	(7)
84.2 Defects in Galactose Metabolism	413	(1)
84.3 Defects in Fructose Metabolism	414	(1)
84.4 Defects in Intermediary Carbohydrate Metabolism Associated with Lactic Acidosis	414	(3)
84.5 Deficiency of Xylulose Dehydrogenase (Essential Benign Pentosuria)	417	(1)
84.6 Disorders of Glycoprotein Degradation and Structure	418	(2)
Margaret M. McGovern
Robert J. Desnick
CHAPTER 85 Mucopolysaccharidoses	420	(3)
Joseph L. Muenzer
CHAPTER 86 Disorders of Purine and Pyrimidine Metabolism	423	(7)
James C. Harris
CHAPTER 87 The Porphyrias	430	(9)
Shigeru Sassa
CHAPTER 88 Hypoglycemia	439	(12)
Mark A. Sperling
PART XI The Fetus and the Neonatal Infant	451	(102)
SECTION 1 Noninfectious Disorders	451	(87)
Barbara J. Stoll
Robert M. Kliegman
CHAPTER 89 Overview of Mortality and Morbidity	451	(3)
CHAPTER 90 The Newborn Infant	454	(6)
90.1 History in Neonatal Pediatrics	454	(1)
90.2 Physical Examination of the Newborn Infant	454	(4)
90.3 Routine Delivery Room Care	458	(1)
90.4 Nursery Care	459	(1)
90.5 Parent-Infant Bonding	459	(1)
CHAPTER 91 High-Risk Pregnancies	460	(3)
CHAPTER 92 The Fetus	463	(11)
92.1 Fetal Growth and Maturity	463	(1)
92.2 Fetal Distress	464	(3)
92.3 Maternal Disease and the Fetus	467	(2)
92.4 Maternal Medication and the Fetus	469	(1)
92.5 Identification of Fetal Disease	469	(1)
92.6 Treatment and Prevention of Fetal Disease	470	(3)
92.7 Teratogens	473	(1)
92.8 Radiation	474	(1)
CHAPTER 93 The High-Risk Infant	474	(12)
93.1 Multiple Pregnancies	475	(2)
93.2 Prematurity and Intrauterine Growth Retardation	477	(8)
93.3 Post-Term Infants	485	(1)
93.4 Large for Gestational Age	485	(1)
93.5 Infant Transport	485	(1)
CHAPTER 94 Clinical Manifestations of Diseases in the Newborn Period	486	(2)
CHAPTER 95 Birth Injury	488	(7)
95.1 Cranial Injuries	488	(1)
95.2 Intracranial-Intraventricular Hemorrhage	489	(2)
95.3 Spine and Spinal Cord	491	(1)
95.4 Peripheral Nerve Injuries	491	(1)
95.5 Viscera	492	(1)
95.6 Fractures	492	(1)
95.7 Hypoxia-Ischemia	493	(2)
CHAPTER 96 Delivery Room Emergencies	495	(1)
CHAPTER 97 Respiratory Tract Disorders	496	(14)
97.1 Transition to Pulmonary Respiration	497	(1)
97.2 Apnea	497	(1)
97.3 Hyaline Membrane Disease	498	(7)
97.4 Transient Tachypnea of the Newborn	505	(1)
97.5 Aspiration of Foreign Material	505	(1)
97.6 Meconium Aspiration	505	(1)
97.7 Persistent Pulmonary Hypertension of the Newborn (PPHN)	506	(2)
97.8 Extrapulmonary Extravasation of Air	508	(1)
97.9 Interstitial Pulmonary Fibrosis	509	(1)
97.10 Pulmonary Hemorrhage	510	(1)
CHAPTER 98 Digestive System Disorders	510	(9)
98.1 Meconium Ileus in Cystic Fibrosis	511	(1)
98.2 Neonatal Necrotizing Enterocolitis (NEC)	512	(1)
98.3 Jaundice and Hyperbilirubinemia in the Newborn	513	(4)
98.4 Kernicterus	517	(2)
CHAPTER 99 Blood Disorders	519	(8)
99.1 Anemia in the Newborn Infant	519	(2)
99.2 Hemolytic Disease of the Newborn	521	(4)
99.3 Plethora in the Newborn Infant	525	(1)
99.4 Hemorrhage in the Newborn Infant	526	(1)
CHAPTER 100 Genitourinary System	527	(1)
CHAPTER 101 The Umbilicus	527	(1)
CHAPTER 102 Metabolic Disturbances	528	(3)
CHAPTER 103 The Endocrine System	531	(4)
103.1 Infants of Diabetic Mothers	532	(1)
103.2 Hypoglycemia	533	(2)
CHAPTER 104 Dysmorphology	535	(3)
Kenneth Lyons Jones
SECTION 2 Infections of the Neonatal Infant	538	(15)
Samuel P. Gotoff
CHAPTER 105 Pathogenesis and Epidemiology	538	(6)
105.1 Immunity	539	(1)
105.2 Etiology	539	(2)
105.3 Epidemiology	541	(1)
105.4 Pathogenesis	542	(2)
CHAPTER 106 Clinical Syndromes	544	(9)
106.1 Clinical Manifestations of Neonatal Infections	544	(2)
106.2 Diagnosis	546	(2)
106.3 Laboratory Findings	548	(1)
106.4 Treatment	549	(2)
106.5 Complications and Prognosis	551	(1)
106.6 Prevention	551	(2)
PART XII Special Health Problems During Adolescence	553	(35)
Renee R. Jenkins
CHAPTER 107 The Epidemiology of Adolescent Disease	553	(1)
CHAPTER 108 Delivery of Health Care to Adolescents	554	(4)
108.1 Legal Issues	556	(1)
108.2 Screening Procedures	557	(1)
108.3 Health Enhancement	558	(1)
CHAPTER 109 Depression	558	(1)
CHAPTER 110 Suicide	559	(1)
CHAPTER 111 Violent Behavior	560	(2)
CHAPTER 112 Anorexia Nervosa and Bulimia	562	(2)
Iris Litt
CHAPTER 113 Substance Abuse	564	(8)
113.1 Alcohol	567	(1)
113.2 Marijuana	568	(1)
113.3 Tobacco	568	(1)
113.4 Volatile Substances	569	(1)
113.5 Hallucinogens	569	(1)
113.6 Cocaine	570	(1)
113.7 Amphetamines	570	(1)
113.8 Opiates	570	(1)
113.9 Anabolic Steroids	571	(1)
CHAPTER 114 Sleep Disorders	572	(1)
CHAPTER 115 The Breast	572	(1)
CHAPTER 116 Menstrual Problems	573	(4)
116.1 Amenorrhea	574	(2)
116.2 Abnormal Uterine Bleeding	576	(1)
116.3 Dysmenorrhea	576	(1)
116.4 Premenstrual Syndrome	577	(1)
CHAPTER 117 Contraception	577	(3)
117.1 Barrier Methods	578	(1)
117.2 Spermicides	578	(1)
117.3 Combination Methods	578	(1)
117.4 Hormonal Methods	578	(2)
117.5 Emergency Contraception	580	(1)
117.6 Intrauterine Devices	580	(1)
CHAPTER 118 Pregnancy	580	(3)
CHAPTER 119 Sexually Transmitted Diseases	583	(3)
CHAPTER 120 Skin Problems	586	(1)
CHAPTER 121 Orthopedic Problems	587	(1)
PART XIII The Immunologic System and Disorders	588	(57)
SECTION 1 Evaluation of the Immune System	588	(2)
Rebecca H. Buckley
CHAPTER 122 The Child with Suspected Immunodeficiency	588	(2)
SECTION 2 T-, B-, and NK-Cell Systems	590	(16)
Rebecca H. Buckley
CHAPTER 123 T, B, and NK Cells	590	(6)
CHAPTER 124 Primary B-Cell Diseases	596	(3)
124.1 X-Linked (XLA or Bruton) Agammaglobulinemia (XLA)	596	(1)
124.2 Common Variable Immunodeficiency (CVID)	597	(1)
124.3 Selective IgA Deficiency	597	(1)
124.4 Transient Hypogammaglobulinemia of Infancy (THI)	598	(1)
124.5 IgG Subclass Deficiencies	598	(1)
124.6 Immunoglobulin Heavy- and Light-Chain Deletions	598	(1)
124.7 X-Linked Lymphoproliferative Disease (XLP)	598	(1)
124.8 Treatment of B-Cell Defects	598	(1)
CHAPTER 125 Primary T-Cell Diseases	599	(2)
125.1 Thymic Hypoplasia (DiGeorge Syndrome)	599	(1)
125.2 X-Linked Immunodeficiency with Hyper-IgM (Hyper-IgM)	600	(1)
125.3 Defective Expression of the T-Cell Receptor-CD3 Complex (Ti-CD3)	600	(1)
125.4 Defective Cytokine Production	600	(1)
125.5 T-Cell Activation Defects	600	(1)
125.6 CD8+ Lymphocytopenia	601	(1)
CHAPTER 126 Combined B- and T-Cell Diseases	601	(5)
126.1 Combined Immunodeficiency Disease (CID)	601	(1)
126.2 Purine Nucleoside Phosphorylase (PNP) Deficiency	602	(1)
126.3 Cartilage-Hair Hypoplasia (CHH)	602	(1)
126.4 Interleukin 2 Receptor Alpha Chain (IL-2R Alpha [CD25]) Mutation	602	(1)
126.5 Severe Combined Immunodeficiency	602	(1)
126.6 X-Linked Severe Combined Immunodeficiency (XSCID)	603	(1)
126.7 Autosomal Recessive SCID	603	(1)
126.8 Reticular Dysgenesis	603	(1)
126.9 Defective Expression of Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) Antigens	603	(1)
126.10 Omenn Syndrome	604	(1)
126.11 Immunodeficiency with Thrombocytopenia and Eczema (Wiskott-Aldrich Syndrome)	604	(1)
126.12 Ataxia-Telangiectasia	604	(1)
126.13 Interferon-Gamma Receptor 1 and IL-12 Receptor Beta1 Mutations	605	(1)
126.14 Hyperimmunoglobulinemia E (Hyper-IgE) Syndrome	605	(1)
126.15 Treatment of Cellular Immunodeficiency	605	(1)
SECTION 3 The Phagocytic System	606	(22)
CHAPTER 127 Neutrophils	606	(6)
Laurence A. Boxer
CHAPTER 128 Monocytes and Macrophages	612	(2)
Richard B. Johnston, Jr.
CHAPTER 129 Eosinophils	614	(1)
Laurence A. Boxer
CHAPTER 130 Disorders of Phagocyte Function	615	(6)
Laurence A. Boxer
130.1 Chemotaxis	615	(1)
130.2 Leukocyte Adhesion Deficiency	615	(3)
130.3 Chediak-Higashi Syndrome (CHS)	618	(1)
130.4 Myeloperoxidase Deficiency	619	(1)
130.5 Chronic Granulomatous Disease	619	(2)
CHAPTER 131 Leukopenia	621	(6)
Laurence A. Boxer
131.1 Neutropenia	621	(5)
131.2 Lymphopenia	626	(1)
CHAPTER 132 Leukocytosis	627	(1)
Laurence A. Boxer
SECTION 4 The Complement System	628	(6)
Richard B. Johnston, Jr.
CHAPTER 133 The Complement System	628	(3)
CHAPTER 134 Disorders of the Complement System	631	(3)
134.1 Evaluation of the Complement System	631	(1)
134.2 Primary Deficiencies of Complement Components	631	(1)
134.3 Deficiencies of Plasma, Membrane, or Serosal Complement Control Proteins	631	(2)
134.4 Secondary Disorders of Complement	633	(1)
134.5 Treatment of Disorders of the Complement System	634	(1)
SECTION 5 Bone Marrow Transplantation	634	(11)
Kent A. Robertson
CHAPTER 135 Clinical Indications	634	(5)
CHAPTER 136 Matching and Rejection	639	(1)
CHAPTER 137 Graft Versus Host Disease (GVHD)	640	(1)
CHAPTER 138 Principles of Immunosuppression	641	(2)
CHAPTER 139 Late Effects of Bone Marrow Transplantation	643	(1)
CHAPTER 140 Umbilical Cord Blood Transplantation (CBT)	644	(1)
PART XIV Allergic Disorders	645	(53)
R. Michael Sly
CHAPTER 141 Allergy and the Immunologic Basis of Atopic Disease	645	(5)
141.1 Chemical Mediators of Allergic Reactions and Mechanisms of Release	647	(3)
CHAPTER 142 Diagnosis	650	(3)
CHAPTER 143 Principles of Treatment	653	(9)
143.1 Pharmacologic Therapy	654	(6)
143.2 Immunotherapy	660	(2)
CHAPTER 144 Allergic Rhinitis	662	(2)
CHAPTER 145 Asthma	664	(16)
CHAPTER 146 Atopic Dermatitis	680	(4)
CHAPTER 147 Urticaria-Angioedema	684	(2)
CHAPTER 148 Anaphylaxis	686	(2)
CHAPTER 149 Serum Sickness	688	(1)
CHAPTER 150 Adverse Reactions to Drugs	689	(3)
CHAPTER 151 Insect Allergy	692	(2)
CHAPTER 152 Ocular Allergies	694	(1)
CHAPTER 153 Adverse Reactions to Foods	695	(3)
PART XV Rheumatic Diseases of Childhood (Connective Tissue Diseases, Collagen Vascular Diseases)	698	(38)
CHAPTER 154 Evaluation of the Patient with Suspected Rheumatic Disease	698	(2)
Michael L. Miller
CHAPTER 155 Treatment of Rheumatic Diseases	700	(4)
Daniel J. Lovell
Michael L. Miller
James T. Cassidy
CHAPTER 156 Juvenile Rheumatoid Arthritis	704	(6)
Michael L. Miller
James T. Cassidy
CHAPTER 157 Ankylosing Spondylitis and Other Spondyloarthropathies	710	(2)
Michael L. Miller
Ross E. Petty
CHAPTER 158 Postinfectious Arthritis and Related Conditions	712	(1)
Michael L. Miller
James T. Cassidy
CHAPTER 159 Systemic Lupus Erythematosus	713	(4)
Marisa S. Klein-Gitelman
Michael L. Miller
159.1 Neonatal Lupus	716	(1)
CHAPTER 160 Juvenile Dermatomyositis	717	(3)
Lauren M. Pachman
CHAPTER 161 Scleroderma	720	(3)
Michael L. Miller
CHAPTER 162 Behcet's Disease	723	(1)
Abraham Gedalia
CHAPTER 163 Sjogren's Syndrome	723	(1)
Abraham Gedalia
CHAPTER 164 Familial Mediterranean Fever	724	(1)
Abraham Gedalia
CHAPTER 165 Amyloidosis	724	(1)
Abraham Gedalia
CHAPTER 166 Kawasaki Disease	725	(2)
Anne H. Rowley
Stanford T. Shulman
CHAPTER 167 Vasculitis Syndromes	727	(5)
Michael L. Miller
Lauren M. Pachman
167.1 Henoch-Schonlein Purpura	728	(1)
167.2 Takayasu Arteritis	729	(1)
167.3 Polyarteritis Nodosa	730	(1)
167.4 Wegener Granulomatosis	731	(1)
167.5 Other Vasculitic Syndromes	732	(1)
CHAPTER 168 Musculoskeletal Pain Syndromes	732	(1)
Michael L. Miller
168.1 Reflex Sympathetic Dystrophy	733	(1)
168.2 Erythromelalgia	733	(1)
CHAPTER 169 Miscellaneous Conditions Associated with Arthritis	733	(3)
Michael L. Miller
PART XVI Infectious Diseases	736	(365)
SECTION 1 General Considerations	736	(6)
CHAPTER 170 Fever	736	(2)
Keith R. Powell
CHAPTER 171 Diagnostic Microbiology	738	(4)
Anita K.M. Zaidi
Donald A. Goldmann
SECTION 2 Clinical Syndromes	742	(51)
CHAPTER 172 Fever Without a Focus	742	(5)
Keith R. Powell
CHAPTER 173 Sepsis and Shock	747	(4)
Keith R. Powell
CHAPTER 174 Central Nervous System Infections	751	(10)
Charles G. Prober
174.1 Acute Bacterial Meningitis Beyond the Neonatal Period	751	(6)
174.2 Viral Meningoencephalitis	757	(3)
174.3 Eosinophilic Meningitis	760	(1)
CHAPTER 175 Pneumonia	761	(4)
Charles G. Prober
CHAPTER 176 Gastroenteritis	765	(3)
Larry K. Pickering
John D. Snyder
CHAPTER 177 Viral Hepatitis	768	(8)
John D. Snyder
Larry K. Pickering
177.1 Hepatitis in Neonates	775	(1)
CHAPTER 178 Osteomyelitis and Suppurative Arthritis	776	(4)
John D. Nelson
CHAPTER 179 Infections in Immunocompromised Hosts	780	(8)
Walter Hughes
Philip A. Pizzo
CHAPTER 180 Infection Associated with Medical Devices	788	(2)
Patricia M. Flynn
Fred F. Barrett
CHAPTER 181 Animal and Human Bites	790	(3)
Charles M. Ginsburg
181.1 Rat-Bite Fever	792	(1)
SECTION 3 Gram-Positive Bacterial Infections	793	(33)
CHAPTER 182 Staphylococcal Infections	793	(6)
James K. Todd
182.1 Staphylococcus aureus	793	(4)
182.2 Toxic Shock Syndrome	797	(1)
182.3 Coagulase-Negative Staphylococci	798	(1)
CHAPTER 183 Streptococcus pneumoniae (Pneumococcus)	799	(3)
James K. Todd
CHAPTER 184 Group A Streptococcus	802	(8)
James K. Todd
184.1 Rheumatic Fever	806	(4)
CHAPTER 185 Group B Streptococcus	810	(6)
Samuel P. Gotoff
CHAPTER 186 Other Streptococci	816	(1)
James K. Todd
CHAPTER 187 Diphtheria (Corynebacterium diphtheriae)	817	(3)
Sarah S. Long
CHAPTER 188 Listeria monocytogenes	820	(2)
Robert S. Baltimore
CHAPTER 189 Actinomycosis	822	(2)
Richard F. Jacobs
Gordon E. Schutze
CHAPTER 190 Nocardia	824	(2)
Richard F. Jacobs
Gordon E. Schutze
SECTION 4 Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections	826	(49)
CHAPTER 191 Neisseria meningitidis (Meningococcus)	826	(3)
Michele Estabrook
CHAPTER 192 Neisseria gonorrhoeae (Gonococcus)	829	(4)
Michele Estabrook
CHAPTER 193 Haemophilus influenzae	833	(5)
Robert S. Daum
CHAPTER 194 Chancroid (Haemophilus ducreyi)	838	(1)
Parvin Azimi
CHAPTER 195 Pertussis (Bordetella pertussis and B. parapertussis)	838	(4)
Sarah S. Long
CHAPTER 196 Salmonella	842	(6)
Thomas G. Cleary
196.1 Nontyphoidal Salmonellosis	842	(3)
196.2 Enteric Fever	845	(3)
CHAPTER 197 Shigella	848	(2)
Henry F. Gomez
Thomas G. Cleary
CHAPTER 198 Escherichia coli	850	(3)
Jane T. Atkins
Thomas G. Cleary
CHAPTER 199 Cholera (Vibrio cholerae)	853	(2)
Henry F. Gomez
Thomas G. Cleary
CHAPTER 200 Campylobacter	855	(2)
Gloria P. Heresi
James R. Murphy
Thomas G. Cleary
CHAPTER 201 yersinia	857	(4)
Thomas G. Cleary
201.1 Yersinia enterocolitica	858	(1)
201.2 Yersinia pseudotuberculosis	859	(1)
201.3 Yersinia pestis	859	(2)
CHAPTER 202 Aeromonas and Plesiomonas	861	(1)
Jane T. Atkins
Thomas G. Cleary
202.1 Aeromonas	861	(1)
202.2 Plesiomonas shigelliodes	861	(1)
CHAPTER 203 Pseudomonas, Burkholderia, and Stenotrophomonas	862	(3)
Robert S. Baltimore
203.1 Pseudomonas aeruginosa	862	(2)
203.2 Burkholderia	864	(1)
203.3 Stenotrophomonas	865	(1)
CHAPTER 204 Tularemia (Francisella tularensis)	865	(2)
Gordon E. Schutze
Richard F. Jacobs
CHAPTER 205 Brucella	867	(2)
Gordon E. Schutze
Ricahrd F. Jacobs
CHAPTER 206 Legionella	869	(2)
Lucy Tompkins
CHAPTER 207 Bartonella	871	(4)
Barbara W. Stechenberg
207.1 Bartonellosis (Bartonella bacilliformis)	871	(1)
207.2 Cat-Scratch Disease (Bartonella henselae)	872	(1)
207.3 Trench Fever (Bartonella quintana)	873	(1)
207.4 Bacillary Angiomatosis and Bacillary Peliosis Hepatis (Bartonella henselae and Bartonella quintana)	874	(1)
SECTION 5 Anaerobic Bacterial Infections	875	(10)
CHAPTER 208 Botulism	875	(3)
Robert Schechter
Stephen S. Arnon
CHAPTER 209 Tetanus	878	(3)
Stephen S. Arnon
CHAPTER 210 Pseudomembranous Colitis (Clostridium difficile)	881	(1)
Margaret C. Fisher
CHAPTER 211 Other Anaerobic Infections	881	(4)
Margaret C. Fisher
SECTION 6 Mycobacterial Infections	885	(18)
CHAPTER 212 Tuberculosis	885	(12)
Jeffrey R. Starke
Flor Munoz
CHAPTER 213 Leprosy (Hansen Disease)	897	(3)
Dwight A. Powell
CHAPTER 214 Atypical Mycobacteria	900	(3)
Dwight A. Powell
SECTION 7 Spirochetal Infections	903	(11)
CHAPTER 215 Syphilis (Treponema pallidum)	903	(4)
Parvin Azimi
CHAPTER 216 Nonvenereal Treponemal Infections	907	(1)
Parvin Azimi
216.1 Yaws (Treponema pertenue)	907	(1)
216.2 Endemic Syphilis (Treponema pallidum Subsp. endemicum)	907	(1)
216.3 Pinta (Treponema carateum)	907	(1)
CHAPTER 217 Leptospira	908	(1)
Parvin Azimi
CHAPTER 218 Relapsing Fever (Borrelia)	909	(1)
Parvin Azimi
CHAPTER 219 Lyme Disease (Borrelia Burgdorferi)	910	(4)
Eugene D. Shapiro
SECTION 8 Mycoplasmal Infections	914	(3)
CHAPTER 220 Mycoplasma pneumoniae	914	(2)
Dwight A. Powell
CHAPTER 221 Genital Mycoplasmas (Mycoplasma hominis and Ureaplasma urealyticum)	916	(1)
Dwight A. Powell
SECTION 9 Chlamydial Infections	917	(5)
CHAPTER 222 Chlamydia pneumoniae	917	(1)
Margaret R. Hammerschlag
CHAPTER 223 Chmydia trachomatis	918	(3)
Margaret R. Hammerschlag
223.1 Trachoma	918	(1)
223.2 Genital Tract Infections	919	(1)
223.3 Conjunctivitis and Pneumonia in Newborns	920	(1)
223.4 Lymphogranuloma Venereum (LGV)	920	(1)
CHAPTER 224 Psittacosis (Chlamydia psittaci)	921	(1)
Margaret R. Hammerschlag
SECTION 10 Rickettsial Infections	922	(10)
CHAPTER 225 Spotted Fever Group Rickettsioses	922	(4)
J. Stephen Dumler
225.1 Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever (Rickettsia rickettsii)	922	(3)
225.2 Boutonneuse Fever (Rickettsia conorii)	925	(1)
225.3 Rickettsialpox (Rickettsia akari)	925	(1)
CHAPTER 226 Scrub Typhus (Orientia tsutsugamushi)	926	(1)
J. Stephen Dumler
CHAPTER 227 Typhus Group Rickettsioses	926	(2)
J. Stephen Dumler
227.1 Murine Typhus (Rickettsia typhi)	926	(1)
227.2 Epidemic Typhus (Rickettsia prowazekii)	927	(1)
CHAPTER 228 Ehrlichioses	928	(2)
J. Stephen Dumler
CHAPTER 229 Q Fever (Coxiella burnetii)	930	(2)
J. Stephen Dumler
SECTION 11 Mycotic Infections	932	(14)
CHAPTER 230 Candida	932	(3)
Martin Weisse
Stephen C. Aronoff
230.1 Neonatal Infections	933	(1)
230.2 Infections in Immunocompetent Children and Adolescents	934	(1)
230.3 Infections in Immunocompromised Children and Adolescents	934	(1)
230.4 Chronic Mucocutaneous Candidiasis	935	(1)
CHAPTER 231 Cryptococcus neoformans	935	(2)
Stephen C. Aronoff
CHAPTER 232 Malassezia furfur	937	(1)
Martin E. Weisse
CHAPTER 233 Aspergillus	937	(2)
Stephen C. Aronoff
233.1 Hypersensitivity Syndromes	937	(1)
233.2 Saprophytic (Noninvasive) Syndromes	937	(1)
233.3 Invasive Disease	938	(1)
CHAPTER 234 Histoplasmosis (Histoplasma capsulatum)	939	(2)
Stephen C. Aronoff
CHAPTER 235 Blastomycosis (Blastomyces dermatitidis)	941	(1)
Stephen C. Aronoff
CHAPTER 236 Coccidioidomycosis (Coccidioides immitis)	942	(2)
Demosthenes Pappagianis
CHAPTER 237 Paracoccidioides brasiliensis	944	(1)
Stephen C. Aronoff
CHAPTER 238 Sporotrichosis (Sporothrix schenckii)	944	(1)
Stephen C. Aronoff
CHAPTER 239 Mucormycosis	945	(1)
Stephen C. Aronoff
SECTION 12 Viral Infections	946	(87)
CHAPTER 240 Measles	946	(5)
Yvonne Maldonado
240.1 Subacute Sclerosing Panencephalitis	949	(2)
CHAPTER 241 Rubella	951	(3)
Yvonne Maldonado
241.1 Progressive Rubella Panencephalitis	953	(1)
CHAPTER 242 Mumps	954	(2)
Yvonne Maldonado
CHAPTER 243 Enteroviruses	956	(8)
Abraham Morag
Pearay L. Ogra
243.1 Polioviruses	956	(3)
243.2 Nonpolio Enteroviruses	959	(5)
CHAPTER 244 Parvovirus B19	964	(2)
William C. Koch
CHAPTER 245 Herpes Simplex Virus	966	(7)
Steve Kohl
CHAPTER 246 Varicella-Zoster Virus	973	(4)
Martin G. Myers
Lawrence R. Stanberry
CHAPTER 247 Epstein-Barr Virus	977	(4)
Hal B. Jenson
CHAPTER 248 Cytomegalovirus	981	(3)
Sergio Stagno
CHAPTER 249 Roseola (Human Herpesvirus Types 6 and 7)	984	(2)
Charles T. Leach
CHAPTER 250 Human Herpesvirus Type 8	986	(1)
Charles T. Leach
CHAPTER 251 Influenza Viruses	987	(3)
Peter Wright
CHAPTER 252 Parainfluenza Viruses	990	(1)
Peter Wright
CHAPTER 253 Respiratory Syncytial Virus	991	(3)
Kenneth McIntosh
CHAPTER 254 Adenoviruses	994	(1)
Kenneth McIntosh
CHAPTER 255 Rhinoviruses	995	(1)
Kenneth McIntosh
CHAPTER 256 Rotavirus and Other Agents of Viral Gastroenteritis	996	(2)
Dorsey M. Bass
CHAPTER 257 Papillomaviruses	998	(2)
Laura T. Gutman
CHAPTER 258 Arboviral Encephalitis in North America	1000	(2)
Scott B. Halstead
CHAPTER 259 Arboviral Encephalitis Outside North America	1002	(3)
Scott B. Halstead
259.1 Venezuelan Equine Encephalitis	1002	(1)
259.2 Japanese Encephalitis	1003	(1)
259.3 Tick-Borne Encephalitis	1004	(1)
CHAPTER 260 Dengue Fever/Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever	1005	(3)
Scott B. Halstead
CHAPTER 261 Yellow Fever	1008	(1)
Scott B. Halstead
CHAPTER 262 Other Viral Hemorrhagic Fevers	1009	(3)
Scott B. Halstead
CHAPTER 263 Lymphocytic Choriomeningitis Virus	1012	(1)
Hal B. Jenson
CHAPTER 264 Hantaviruses	1013	(1)
Scott B. Halstead
CHAPTER 265 Rabies	1014	(3)
William G. Adams
CHAPTER 266 Polyomaviruses	1017	(1)
Hal B. Jenson
CHAPTER 267 Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathies	1018	(4)
David M. Asher
CHAPTER 268 Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (Human Immunodeficiency Virus)	1022	(10)
Ram Yogev
Ellen Chadwick
CHAPTER 269 Human T-Cell Lymphotropic Viruses Types I and II	1032	(1)
Hal B. Jenson
SECTION 13 Protozoan Diseases	1033	(31)
CHAPTER 270 Primary Amebic Meningoencephalitis	1033	(2)
Martin Weisse
Stephen Aronoff
CHAPTER 271 Amebiasis	1035	(1)
Sharon B. Weissman
Robert A. Salata
CHAPTER 272 Giardiasis and Balantidiasis	1036	(3)
Larry K. Pickering
272.1 Giardia lamblia	1036	(2)
272.2 Balantidiasis	1038	(1)
CHAPTER 273 Spore-Forming Intestinal Protozoa	1039	(2)
Patricia M. Flynn
273.1 Cryptosporidium	1039	(1)
273.2 Isospora	1040	(1)
273.3 Cyclospora	1040	(1)
273.4 Microsporidia	1040	(1)
CHAPTER 274 Trichomoniasis (Trichomonas vaginalis)	1041	(1)
Sharon Weissman
Robert A. Salata
CHAPTER 275 Leishmania	1041	(3)
Peter C. Melby
CHAPTER 276 African Trypanosomiasis (Sleeping Sickness; Trypanosoma brucei)	1044	(2)
Adel A. F. Mahmoud
CHAPTER 277 American Trypanosomiasis (Chagas Disease; Trypanosoma cruzi)	1046	(3)
Robert A. Bonomo
Robert A. Salata
CHAPTER 278 Malaria (Plasmodium)	1049	(3)
Peter J. Krause
CHAPTER 279 Babesiosis (Babesia)	1052	(2)
Peter J. Krause
CHAPTER 280 Toxoplasmosis (Toxoplasma gondii)	1054	(8)
Rima McLeod
Jack S. Remington
CHAPTER 281 Pneumocystis carinii	1062	(2)
Walter T. Hughes
SECTION 14 Helminthic Diseases	1064	(17)
CHAPTER 282 Ascariasis (Ascaris lumbricoides)	1064	(1)
James W. Kazura
CHAPTER 283 Hookworms (Ancylostoma and Necator americanus)	1065	(2)
Peter J. Hotez
283.1 Cutaneous Larva Migrans	1066	(1)
CHAPTER 284 Enterobiasis (Pinworm, Enterobius vermicularis)	1067	(1)
James W. Kazura
CHAPTER 285 Toxocariasis (Visceral and Ocular Larva Migrans)	1068	(1)
James W. Kazura
CHAPTER 286 Strongyloidiasis (Strongyloides stercoralis)	1069	(1)
James W. Kazura
CHAPTER 287 Lymphatic Filariasis (Brugia malayi, Brugia timori, Wuchereria bancrofti)	1070	(1)
James W. Kazura
CHAPTER 288 Infection with Animal Filariae	1070	(1)
James W. Kazura
CHAPTER 289 Angiostrongylus cantonensis	1071	(1)
James W. Kazura
CHAPTER 290 Onchocerciasis (Onchocerca volvulus)	1071	(1)
James W. Kazura
CHAPTER 291 Dracunculiasis (Guinea Worm Infection, Dracunculus medinensis)	1071	(1)
James W. Kazura
CHAPTER 292 Loiasis (Loa loa)	1072	(1)
James W. Kazura
CHAPTER 293 Gnathostoma spinigerum	1072	(1)
James W. Kazura
CHAPTER 294 Trichinosis (Trichinella spiralis)	1072	(1)
James W. Kazura
CHAPTER 295 Trichuriasis (Trichuris trichiura)	1073	(1)
ames W. Kazura
CHAPTER 296 Schistosomiasis (Schistosoma)	1073	(2)
Charles H. King
CHAPTER 297 Flukes (Liver, Lung, and Intestinal)	1075	(1)
Charles H. King
CHAPTER 298 Adult Tapeworm Infections	1076	(2)
Ronald Blanton
CHAPTER 299 Cysticercosis	1078	(1)
Ronald Blanton
CHAPTER 300 Echinococcosis (Echinococcus granulosus and E. multilocularis)	1079	(2)
Ronald Blanton
SECTION 15 Preventive Measures	1081	(20)
CHAPTER 301 Immunization Practices	1081	(8)
Georges Peter
CHAPTER 302 Infection Control and Prophylaxis	1089	(3)
Margaret C. Fisher
CHAPTER 303 Child Care and Communicable Diseases	1092	(3)
Larry K. Pickering
Danielle J. Laborde
CHAPTER 304 Health Advice for Children Traveling Internationally	1095	(6)
Robert A. Bonomo
Robert A. Salata
PART XVII The Digestive System	1101	(134)
SECTION 1 Clinical Manifestations of Gastrointestinal Disease	1101	(7)
Martin Ulshen
CHAPTER 305 Normal Digestive Tract Phenomena	1101	(1)
CHAPTER 306 Major Symptoms and Signs of Digestive Tract Disorders	1102	(6)
SECTION 2 The Oral Cavity	1108	(13)
David Johnsen
Norman Tinanoff
CHAPTER 307 Development and Developmental Anomalies of the Teeth	1108	(2)
CHAPTER 308 Disorders of the Teeth Associated with Other Conditions	1110	(1)
CHAPTER 309 Malocclusion	1110	(1)
CHAPTER 310 Cleft Lip and Palate	1111	(2)
CHAPTER 311 Syndromes with Oral Manifestations	1113	(1)
CHAPTER 312 Dental Caries	1114	(2)
CHAPTER 313 Periodontal Diseases	1116	(1)
CHAPTER 314 Dental Trauma	1117	(1)
CHAPTER 315 Common Lesions of the Oral Soft Tissues	1118	(1)
CHAPTER 316 Diseases of the Salivary Glands and Jaws	1119	(1)
CHAPTER 317 Diagnostic Radiology in Dental Assessment	1120	(1)
SECTION 3 The Esophagus	1121	(7)
John J. Herbst
CHAPTER 318 Development and Function of the Esophagus	1121	(1)
CHAPTER 319 Atresia and Tracheoesophageal Fistula	1122	(1)
CHAPTER 320 Other Disorders of the Esophagus	1123	(1)
CHAPTER 321 Achalasia	1124	(1)
CHAPTER 322 Hiatal Hernia	1124	(1)
CHAPTER 323 Gastroesophageal Reflux (Chalasia)	1125	(1)
CHAPTER 324 Esophagitis	1126	(1)
CHAPTER 325 Esophageal Perforation	1127	(1)
CHAPTER 326 Esophageal Varices	1127	(1)
CHAPTER 327 Foreign Bodies in the Esophagus	1127	(1)
SECTION 4 Stomach and Intestines	1128	(60)
CHAPTER 328 Normal Development, Structure, and Function	1128	(2)
Martin Ulshen
CHAPTER 329 Pyloric Stenosis and Other Congenital Anomalies of the Stomach	1130	(2)
Robert Wyllie
329.1 Hypertrophic Pyloric Stenosis	1130	(2)
329.2 Congenital Gastric Outlet Obstruction	1132	(1)
329.3 Gastric Duplication	1132	(1)
329.4 Gastric Volvulus	1132	(1)
329.5 Hypertrophic Gastropathy	1132	(1)
CHAPTER 330 Intestinal Atresia, Stenosis, and Malrotation	1132	(5)
Robert Wyllie
330.1 Duodenal Obstruction	1133	(1)
330.2 Jejunal and Ileal Atresia and Obstruction	1134	(1)
330.3 Malrotation	1135	(2)
CHAPTER 331 Intestinal Duplications, Meckel Diverticulum, and Other Remnants of the Omphalomesenteric Duct	1137	(1)
Robert Wyllie
331.1 Intestinal Duplication	1137	(1)
331.2 Meckel Diverticulum and Other Remnants of the Omphalomesenteric Duct	1137	(1)
CHAPTER 332 Motility Disorders and Hirschsprung Disease	1138	(3)
Robert Wyllie
332.1 Chronic Intestinal Pseudo-Obstruction	1138	(1)
332.2 Superior Mesenteric Artery Syndrome (Wilkie Syndrome, Cast Syndrome, Arteriomesenteric Duodenal Compression Syndrome)	1139	(1)
332.3 Congenital Aganglionic Megacolon (Hirschsprung Disease)	1139	(2)
CHAPTER 333 Ileus, Adhesions, Intussusception, and Closed-Loop Obstructions	1141	(3)
Robert Wyllie
333.1 Ileus	1141	(1)
333.2 Adhesions	1142	(1)
333.3 Intussusception	1142	(1)
333.4 Closed-Loop Obstructions	1143	(1)
CHAPTER 334 Foreign Bodies and Bezoars	1144	(1)
Robert Wyllie
334.1 Foreign Bodies in the Stomach and Intestine	1144	(1)
334.2 Bezoars	1144	(1)
CHAPTER 335 Anorectal Malformations	1145	(2)
Alberto Pena
CHAPTER 336 Ulcer Disease	1147	(3)
John J. Herbst
336.1 Primary (Peptic) Ulcers	1148	(1)
336.2 Secondary or Stress (Peptic) Ulcer Disease	1149	(1)
336.3 Zollinger-Ellison Syndrome	1150	(1)
CHAPTER 337 Inflammatory Bowel Disease	1150	(8)
Martin Ulshen
337.1 Chronic Ulcerative Colitis	1151	(3)
337.2 Crohn Disease (Regional Enteritis, Regional Ileitis, Granulomatous Colitis)	1154	(3)
337.3 Behcet's Syndrome	1157	(1)
CHAPTER 338 Food Allergy (Food Hypersensitivity)	1158	(1)
Martin Ulshen
CHAPTER 339 Eosinophilic Gastroenteritis	1159	(1)
Martin Ulshen
CHAPTER 340 Malabsorptive Disorders	1159	(12)
Martin Ulshen
340.1 Evaluation of Children with Suspected Intestinal Malabsorption	1160	(3)
340.2 Chronic Malnutrition	1163	(1)
340.3 Liver and Biliary Disorders	1163	(1)
340.4 Intestinal Infections	1164	(1)
340.5 Immunodeficiency	1164	(1)
340.6 Stagnant Loop Syndrome	1164	(1)
340.7 Short Bowel Syndrome	1165	(1)
340.8 Gluten-Sensitive Enteropathy	1165	(2)
340.9 Immunoproliferative Small Intestinal Disease	1167	(1)
340.10 Other Malabsorptive Syndromes	1167	(1)
340.11 Enzyme Deficiencies	1168	(1)
340.12 Defects of Absorption or Transport	1168	(3)
CHAPTER 341 Chronic Diarrhea	1171	(5)
Fayez K. Ghishan
CHAPTER 342 Recurrent Abdominal Pain of Childhood	1176	(2)
Martin Ulshen
CHAPTER 343 Acute Appendicitis	1178	(3)
Gary E. Hartman
CHAPTER 344 Surgical Conditions of the Anus, Rectum, and Colon	1181	(2)
Alberto Pena
344.1 Anal Fissure	1181	(1)
344.2 Perianal Abscess and Fistula	1181	(1)
344.3 Hemorrhoids	1182	(1)
344.4 Rectal Prolapse	1182	(1)
344.5 Pilonidal Sinus and Abscess	1182	(1)
CHAPTER 345 Tumors of the Digestive Tract	1183	(2)
Martin Ulshen
345.1 Diarrhea from Hormone-Secreting Tumors	1184	(1)
CHAPTER 346 Inguinal Hernias	1185	(3)
Stephen J. Shochat
SECTION 5 Exocrine Pancreas	1188	(6)
Steven L. Werlin
CHAPTER 347 Embryology, Anatomy, and Physiology	1188	(1)
347.1 Anatomic Abnormalities	1188	(1)
347.2 Physiology	1189	(1)
CHAPTER 348 Pancreatic Function Tests	1189	(1)
CHAPTER 349 Disorders of the Exocrine Pancreas	1190	(1)
CHAPTER 350 Treatment of Pancreatic Insufficiency	1190	(1)
CHAPTER 351 Pancreatitis	1191	(2)
351.1 Chronic Pancreatitis	1193	(1)
CHAPTER 352 Pseudocyst of the Pancreas	1193	(1)
CHAPTER 353 Pancreatic Tumors	1194	(1)
SECTION 6 The Liver and Biliary System	1194	(41)
CHAPTER 354 Development and Function	1194	(4)
William F. Balistrert
354.1 Metabolic Functions of the Liver	1195	(3)
CHAPTER 355 Manifestations of Liver Disease	1198	(5)
William f. Balistreri
355.1 Evaluation of Patients with Possible Liver Dyusfunction	1200	(3)
CHAPTER 356 Cholestasis	1203	(4)
William F. Balistreri
356.1 Neonatal Cholestasis	1203	(4)
356.2 Cholestasis in the Older Child	1207	(1)
356.3 Hepatic Rickets	1207	(1)
Russell W. Chesney
CHAPTER 357 Metabolic Diseases of the Liver	1207	(5)
William F. Balistreri
357.1 Inherited Deficientr Conjugation of Bilirubin	1208	(1)
357.2 Wilson Disease	1209	(1)
357.3 Hepatic Copper Overload Syndrome	1210	(1)
357.4 Indian Childhood Cirrhosis	1211	(1)
357.5 Neonatal Iron Storage Disease (NISD)	1211	(1)
357.6 (Alpha)(1)-Antitrypsin Deficiency	1211	(1)
CHAPTER 358 Liver Abscess	1212	(1)
William F. Balistreri
CHAPTER 359 Liver Disease Associated with Systemic Disorders	1212	(2)
William F. Balistreri
CHAPTER 360 Reye Syndrome and "Reye-like" Diseases	1214	(2)
William F. Balistreri
CHAPTEr 361 Autoimmune (Chronic) Hepatitis	1216	(2)
Benjamin L. Shneider
Frederick J. Suchy
CHAPTER 362 Drug- and Toxin-Induced Liver Injury	1218	(2)
Frederick J. Suchy
CHAPTER 363 Fulminant Hepatic Failure	1220	(2)
Frederick J. Suchy
CHAPTER 364 Cystic Disease of the Biliary Tract and Liver	1222	(1)
Frederick J. Suchy
CHAPTER 365 Diseases of the Gallbladder	1223	(2)
Frederick J. Suchy
CHAPTER 366 Portal Hypertension and Varices	1225	(2)
Frederick J. Suchy
CHAPTEr 367 Liver Transplantation	1227	(2)
Kenneth L. Cox
CHAPTER 368 Malformations	1229	(1)
Jeffrey s. Hyams
CHAPTER 369 Ascites	1229	(1)
Jeffrey S. Hyams
369.1 Chylous Ascites	1229	(1)
CHAPTER 370 Peritonitis	1230	(4)
Jeffrey S. Hyams
370.1 Acute Primary Peritonitis	1230	(1)
370.2 Acute Secondary Peeritonitis	1230	(3)
370.3 Eventration	1233	(1)
CHAPTER 372 Epigastric Hernia	1234	(1)
Gary E. Hartman
372.1 Incisional hernia	1234	(1)
PART XVII The Respiratory System	1235	(102)
SECTION 1 Development and Function	1235	(23)
CHAPTER 373 Development of the Respiratory System	1235	(3)
Gabriel G. Haddad
J. Julio Perez-Fontan
CHAPTER 374 Regulation of Respiration	1238	(2)
GAbriel G. Haddad
CHAPTER 375 Respiratory Pathophysiology	1240	(12)
J. Julio Perz-Fontan
Gabriel G. Haddad
375.1 Respiratory Failure	1248	(2)
Gabriel G. Haddad
J. Julio Perz-Fontan
375.2 Congenital Central Hypoventilation Syndrome (Ondine's Curse)	1250	(2)
Gabriel G. Haddad
CHAPTER 376 Defense Mechanisms and Metabolic Functions of trhe Lung	1252	(1)
Gabriel G. Haddad
J. Julio Perez-Fontain
376.1 Defense Mechanisms	1252	(1)
376.2 Metabolic Functions	1253	(1)
CHAPTER 377 Diagnostic Approach to Respiratory Disease	1253	(5)
Gabriel G. Haddad
Regina M. Palazzo
SECTION 2 Upper Respiratory Tract	1258	(13)
Margaret A. Kenna
CHAPTER 378 Congenital Disorders of the Nose	1258	(1)
Margaret A. Kenna
CHAPTER 379 Acquired Disorders of the Nose	1259	(1)
Margaret A. Kenna
379.1 Foreign Body	1259	(1)
379.2 Epistaxis	1260	(1)
CHAPTER 380 Nasal Polyps	1260	(1)
Margaret A. Kenna
CHAPTER 381 Infections of the Upper Respiratory Tract	1261	(6)
Neil E. Herendeen
Peter G. Szilagy
381.1 Upper Respiratory Infections or "Colds" or Nasopharyngitis	1261	(3)
381.2 Sinusitis	1264	(1)
381.3 Acute Pharyngitis	1264	(2)
381.4 Acute Uvulitis	1266	(1)
381.5 Retropharyngeal Abscess	1266	(1)
381.6 Lateral Pharyngeal Abscess	1266	(1)
381.7 Peritonsillar Abscess	1266	(1)
CHAPTER 382 Tonsils and Adenoids	1267	(1)
Margaret A. Kenna
382.1 Chronic Tonsillitis (Chronically Hypertrophic and Infected Tonsils)	1267	(1)
382.2 Adenoidal Hypertrophy (Hypertrophy of Pharyngeal Tonsil; "Adenoids")	1268	(1)
CHAPTER 383 Obstructive Sleep Apnea and Hypoventilation in Children	1268	(3)
Carol L. Rosen
Gabriel G. Haddad
SECTION 3 Lower Respiratory Tract	1271	(58)
CHAPTER 384 Congenital Anomalies	1271	(3)
Robert C. Stern
384.1 Laryngeal Anomalies	1271	(1)
384.2 Congenital Laryngeal Stridor	1271	(1)
384.3 Bronchomalacia	1272	(1)
384.4 Agenesis or Hypoplasia of the Lung	1272	(1)
384.5 Pulmonary Sequestration	1273	(1)
384.6 Bronchogenic Cysts	1273	(1)
384.7 Bronchobiliary Fistula	1274	(1)
384.8 Congenital Pulmonary Lymphangiectasis	1274	(1)
384.9 Cystic Adenomatoid Malformation	1274	(1)
CHAPTER 385 Acute Inflammatory Upper Airway Obstruction	1274	(5)
David M. Orenstein
385.1 Infectious Upper Airway Obstruction	1275	(4)
385.2 Bacterial Tracheitis	1279	(1)
CHAPTER 386 Foreign Bodies in the Larynx, Trachea, and Bronchi	1279	(3)
David M. Orenstein
386.1 Laryngeal Foreign Bodies	1279	(1)
386.2 Tracheal Foreign Bodies	1280	(1)
386.3 Bronchial Foreign Bodies	1280	(2)
CHAPTER 387 Subglottic Stenosis	1282	(1)
David M. Orenstein
387.1 Acute Subglottic Stenosis	1282	(1)
387.2 Chronic Subglottic Stenosis	1282	(1)
CHAPTER 388 Trauma to the Larynx	1283	(1)
Robert C. Stern
CHAPTER 389 Neoplasms of the Larynx and Trachea	1283	(1)
Robert C. Stern
CHAPTER 390 Bronchitis	1284	(1)
David M. Orenstein
390.1 Acute Bronchitis	1284	(1)
390.2 Chronic Bronchitis	1284	(1)
390.3 Air Pollution and Cigarette Smoking	1285	(1)
CHAPTER 391 Bronchiolitis	1285	(2)
David M. Orenstein
CHAPTER 392 Bronchiolitis Obliterans	1287	(1)
David M. Orenstein
392.1 Follicular Bronchitis	1287	(1)
CHAPTER 393 Aspiration Pneumonias and Gastroesophageal Reflux-Related Respiratory Disease	1288	(3)
David M. Orenstein
393.1 Aspiration Pneumonia	1288	(1)
393.2 Hydrocarbon Pneumonia	1289	(1)
393.3 Lipoid Pneumonia	1290	(1)
393.4 Respiratory Disorders Caused or Worsened by Gastroesophageal Reflux or Its Treatment	1291	(1)
CHAPTER 394 Silo Filler's Disease	1291	(1)
Robert C. Stern
CHAPTER 395 Paraquat Lung	1292	(1)
Robert C. Stern
CHAPTER 396 Hypersensitivity to Inhaled Materials	1292	(1)
Robert C. Stern
CHAPTER 397 Pulmonary Aspergillosis	1293	(1)
Robert C. Stern
CHAPTER 398 Loeffler Syndrome	1293	(1)
Robert C. Stern
CHAPTER 399 Pulmonary Involvement in Collagen Diseases	1294	(1)
Robert C. Stern
CHAPTER 400 Desquamative Interstitial Pneumonitis	1294	(1)
Robert C. Stern
CHAPTER 401 Hypostatic Pneumonia	1295	(1)
Robert C. Stern
CHAPTER 402 Pulmonary Hemosiderosis (Pulmonary Hemorrhage)	1295	(2)
Dorr G. Dearborn
CHAPTER 403 Pulmonary Alveolar Proteinosis	1297	(2)
Harvey R. Colten
Aaron Hamvas
403.1 Surfactant Protein B Deficiency	1298	(1)
CHAPTER 404 Idiopathic Diffuse Interstitial Fibrosis of the Lung	1299	(1)
Robert C. Stern
CHAPTER 405 Pulmonary Alveolar Microlithiasis	1299	(1)
Robert C. Stern
CHAPTER 406 Atelectasis	1300	(2)
Robert C. Stern
CHAPTER 407 Emphysema and Overinflation	1302	(3)
David M. Orenstein
407.1 Generalized Obstructive Overinflation	1303	(1)
407.2 Bullous Emphysema	1304	(1)
407.3 Subcutaneous Emphysema	1304	(1)
407.4 Alpha1-Antitrypsin Deficiency and Emphysema	1304	(1)
CHAPTER 408 Pulmonary Edema	1305	(1)
David M. Orenstein
408.1 High-Altitude Pulmonary Edema	1305	(1)
CHAPTER 409 Pulmonary Embolism and Infarction	1306	(2)
Robert C. Stern
409.1 Hemoptysis	1307	(1)
CHAPTER 410 Bronchiectasis	1308	(1)
Robert C. Stern
CHAPTER 411 Pulmonary Abscess	1309	(1)
Robert C. Stern
CHAPTER 412 Lung Hernia	1310	(1)
Robert C. Stern
CHAPTER 413 Pulmonary Tumors	1310	(1)
Robert C. Stern
413.1 Pulmonary Hemangiomatosis	1311	(1)
CHAPTER 414 Hiccup	1311	(1)
Robert C. Stern
CHAPTER 415 Chronic or Recurrent Respiratory Symptoms	1311	(4)
Thomas F. Boat
David M. Orenstein
CHAPTER 416 Cystic Fibrosis	1315	(12)
Thomas F. Boat
CHAPTER 417 Primary Ciliary Dyskinesia (Immotile Cilia Syndrome)	1327	(2)
Gabriel G. Haddad
SECTION 4 Diseases of the Pleura	1329	(5)
David M. Orenstein
CHAPTER 418 Pleurisy	1329	(2)
418.1 Dry or Plastic Pleurisy	1329	(1)
418.2 Serofibrinous Pleurisy	1329	(1)
418.3 Purulent Pleurisy (Empyema)	1330	(1)
CHAPTER 419 Pneumothorax	1331	(1)
CHAPTER 420 Pneumomediastinum	1332	(1)
CHAPTER 421 Hydrothorax	1333	(1)
CHAPTER 422 Hemothorax	1333	(1)
CHAPTER 423 Chylothorax	1333	(1)
SECTION 5 Neuromuscular and Skeletal Diseases Affecting Pulmonary Function	1334	(3)
David M. Orenstein
CHAPTER 424 Skeletal Diseases Affecting Pulmonary Function	1334	(1)
424.1 Pectus Excavatum	1334	(1)
424.2 Asphyxiating Thoracic Dystrophy (Jeune Syndrome)	1334	(1)
424.3 Achondroplasia	1335	(1)
424.4 Kyphoscoliosis	1335	(1)
424.5 Rib Anomalies	1335	(1)
CHAPTER 425 Neuromuscular Diseases with Hypoventilation	1335	(1)
CHAPTER 426 Cough Syncope	1336	(1)
PART XIX The Cardiovascular System	1337	(119)
Daniel Bernstein
SECTION 1 Developmental Biology of the Cardiovascular System	1337	(6)
CHAPTER 427 Cardiac Development	1337	(4)
427.1 Early Cardiac Morphogenesis	1337	(1)
427.2 Cardiac Looping	1337	(1)
427.3 Cardiac Septation	1337	(2)
427.4 Aortic Arch Development	1339	(1)
427.5 Cardiac Differentiation	1340	(1)
427.6 Developmental Changes in Cardiac Function	1340	(1)
CHAPTER 428 The Fetal to Neonatal Circulatory Transition	1341	(2)
428.1 The Fetal Circulation	1341	(1)
428.2 The Transitional Circulation	1342	(1)
428.3 The Neonatal Circulation	1342	(1)
428.4 Persistent Pulmonary Hypertension of the Neonate (Persistence of Fetal Circulatory Pathways)	1343	(1)
SECTION 2 Evaluation of the Cardiovascular System	1343	(19)
CHAPTER 429 History and Physical Examination	1343	(8)
CHAPTER 430 Laboratory Evaluation	1351	(11)
430.1 Radiologic Assessment	1351	(1)
430.2 Electrocardiography	1351	(4)
430.3 Hematologic Data	1355	(1)
430.4 Echocardiography	1355	(2)
430.5 Exercise Testing	1357	(1)
430.6 Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Electron Beam Computed Tomography, and Radionuclide Studies	1358	(1)
430.7 Cardiac Catheterization	1359	(3)
SECTION 3 Congenital Heart Disease	1362	(51)
CHAPTER 431 Epidemiology of Congenital Heart Disease	1362	(1)
CHAPTER 432 Evaluation of the Infant or Child with Congenital Heart Disease	1363	(2)
CHAPTER 433 Acyanotic Congenital Heart Disease: The Left-to-Right Shunt Lesions	1365	(9)
433.1 Atrial Septal Defect	1365	(1)
433.2 Ostium Secundum Defect	1365	(1)
433.3 Sinus Venosus Atrial Septal Defect	1366	(1)
433.4 Partial Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Return	1367	(1)
433.5 Atrioventricular Septal Defects (Ostium Primum and Atrioventricular Canal or Endocardial Cushion Defects)	1367	(2)
433.6 Ventricular Septal Defect	1369	(2)
433.7 Supracristal Ventricular Septal Defect with Aortic Insufficiency	1371	(1)
433.8 Patent Ductus Arteriosus	1372	(1)
433.9 Aorticopulmonary Window Defect	1373	(1)
433.10 Coronary-Arteriovenous Fistula (Coronary-Cameral Fistula)	1373	(1)
433.11 Ruptured Sinus of Valsalva Aneurysm	1373	(1)
CHAPTER 434 Acyanotic Congenital Heart Disease: The Obstructive Lesions	1374	(8)
434.1 Pulmonary Valve Stenosis with Intact Ventricular Septum	1374	(2)
434.2 Infundibular Pulmonary Stenosis and Double-Chamber Right Ventricle	1376	(1)
434.3 Pulmonary Stenosis in Combination with an Intracardiac Shunt	1376	(1)
434.4 Peripheral Pulmonary Stenosis	1377	(1)
434.5 Aortic Stenosis	1377	(2)
434.6 Coarctation of the Aorta	1379	(2)
434.7 Coarctation with Ventricular Septal Defect	1381	(1)
434.8 Coarctation with Other Cardiac Anomalies	1381	(1)
434.9 Congenital Mitral Stenosis	1381	(1)
434.10 Pulmonary Venous Hypertension	1382	(1)
CHAPTER 435 Acyanotic Congenital Heart Disease: Regurgitant Lesions	1382	(2)
435.1 Pulmonary Valvular Insufficiency and Congenital Absence of the Pulmonary Valve	1382	(1)
435.2 Congenital Mitral Insufficiency	1383	(1)
435.3 Mitral Valve Prolapse	1383	(1)
435.4 Tricuspid Regurgitation	1384	(1)
CHAPTER 436 Cyanotic Congenital Heart Disease: Evaluation of the Critically Ill Neonate with Cyanosis and Respiratory Distress	1384	(1)
CHAPTER 437 Cyanotic Congenital Heart Lesions: Lesions Associated with Decreased Pulmonary Blood Flow	1385	(10)
437.1 Tetralogy of Fallot	1385	(4)
437.2 Pulmonary Atresia with Ventricular Septal Defect	1389	(1)
437.3 Pulmonary Atresia with Intact Ventricular Septum	1390	(1)
437.4 Tricuspid Atresia	1391	(1)
437.5 Double-Outlet Right Ventricle with Pulmonary Stenosis	1392	(1)
437.6 Transposition of the Great Arteries with Ventricular Septal Defect and Pulmonary Stenosis	1393	(1)
437.7 Ebstein Anomaly of the Tricuspid Valve	1393	(2)
CHAPTER 438 Cyanotic Congenital Heart Disease: Lesions Associated with Increased Pulmonary Blood Flow	1395	(10)
438.1 d-Transposition of the Great Arteries	1395	(1)
438.2 d-Transposition of the Great Arteries with Intact Ventricular Septum	1396	(1)
438.3 Transposition of the Great Arteries with Ventricular Septal Defect	1397	(1)
438.4 l-Transposition of the Great Arteries (Corrected Transposition)	1398	(1)
438.5 Double-Outlet Right Ventricle Without Pulmonary Stenosis	1398	(1)
438.6 Double-Outlet Right Ventricle with Transposition of the Great Arteries (Taussig-Bing Anomaly)	1399	(1)
438.7 Total Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Return	1399	(1)
438.8 Truncus Arteriosus	1400	(1)
438.9 Single Ventricle (Double-Inlet Ventricle, Univentricular Heart)	1401	(1)
438.10 Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome	1402	(2)
438.11 Abnormal Positions of the Heart and the Heterotaxy Syndromes (Asplenia, Polysplenia)	1404	(1)
CHAPTER 439 Other Congenital Heart and Vascular Malformations	1405	(3)
439.1 Anomalies of the Aortic Arch	1405	(1)
439.2 Anomalous Origin of the Coronary Arteries	1406	(1)
439.3 Pulmonary Arteriovenous Fistula	1407	(1)
439.4 Ectopia Cordis	1408	(1)
439.5 Diverticulum of the Left Ventricle	1408	(1)
CHAPTER 440 Pulmonary Hypertension	1408	(3)
440.1 Primary Pulmonary Hypertension	1408	(1)
440.2 Pulmonary Vascular Disease (Eisenmenger Syndrome)	1409	(2)
CHAPTER 441 General Principles of Treatment of Congenital Heart Disease	1411	(2)
SECTION 4 Cardiac Arrhythmias	1413	(11)
CHAPTER 442 Disturbances of Rate and Rhythm of the Heart	1413	(11)
442.1 Sinus Arrhythmias and Extrasystoles	1414	(4)
442.2 Supraventricular Tachycardia	1418	(2)
442.3 Ventricular Tachyarrhythmias	1420	(1)
442.4 Long Q-T Syndrome	1421	(1)
442.5 Bradyarrhythmias	1422	(1)
442.6 Sick Sinus Syndrome	1422	(1)
442.7 Sudden Death	1423	(1)
SECTION 5 Acquired Heart Disease	1424	(6)
CHAPTER 443 Infective Endocarditis	1424	(4)
CHAPTER 444 Rheumatic Heart Disease	1428	(2)
SECTION 6 Diseases of the Myocardium and Pericardium	1430	(10)
CHAPTER 445 Diseases of the Myocardium	1430	(6)
445.1 Dilatated Cardiomyopathy	1430	(3)
445.2 Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy	1433	(1)
445.3 Restrictive Cardiomyopathies	1434	(1)
445.4 Myocarditis	1434	(1)
445.5 Nonviral Causes of Myocarditis	1435	(1)
445.6 Endocardial Fibroelastosis	1435	(1)
CHAPTER 446 Diseases of the Pericardium	1436	(3)
446.1 Constrictive Pericarditis	1438	(1)
CHAPTER 447 Tumors of the Heart	1439	(1)
SECTION 7 Cardiac Therapeutics	1440	(9)
CHAPTER 448 Heart Failure	1440	(5)
448.1 Cardiogenic Shock	1444	(1)
CHAPTER 449 Pediatric Heart and Heart-Lung Transplantation	1445	(4)
449.1 Pediatric Heart Transplantation	1445	(2)
449.2 Heart-Lung and Lung Transplantation	1447	(2)
SECTION 8 Diseases of the Peripheral Vascular System	1449	(7)
CHAPTER 450 Disease of the Blood Vessels (Aneurysms and Fistulas)	1449	(1)
450.1 Kawasaki Disease	1449	(1)
450.2 Arteriovenous Fistulas	1449	(1)
CHAPTER 451 Systemic Hypertension	1450	(6)
PART XX Diseases of the Blood	1456	(75)
SECTION 1 The Hematopoietic System	1456	(7)
CHAPTER 452 Development of the Hematopoietic System	1456	(5)
Robin K. Ohls
Robert D. Christensen
CHAPTER 453 The Anemias	1461	(2)
Elias Schwartz
SECTION 2 Anemias of Inadequate Production	1463	(9)
Elias Schwartz
CHAPTER 454 Congenital Hypoplastic Anemia	1463	(1)
454.1 Pearson Marrow-Pancreas Syndrome	1464	(1)
CHAPTER 455 Acquired Pure Red Blood Cell Anemias	1464	(1)
CHAPTER 456 Transient Erythroblastopenia of Childhood (TEC)	1464	(1)
CHAPTER 457 Anemia of Chronic Disorders and Renal Disease	1465	(1)
CHAPTER 458 Congenital Dyserythropoietic Anemias	1465	(1)
CHAPTER 459 Physiologic Anemia of Infancy	1466	(1)
CHAPTER 460 Megaloblastic Anemias	1466	(3)
460.1 Folic Acid Deficiencies	1467	(1)
460.2 Vitamin B(12) (Cobalamin) Deficiency	1468	(1)
460.3 Rare Megaloblastic Anemias	1469	(1)
CHAPTER 461 Iron Deficiency Anemia	1469	(2)
CHAPTER 462 Other Microcytic Anemias	1471	(1)
SECTION 3 Hemolytic Anemias	1472	(21)
CHAPTER 463 Definitions and Classification of Hemolytic Anemias	1472	(3)
George B. Segel
CHAPTER 464 Hereditary Spherocytosis	1475	(2)
George B. Segel
CHAPTER 465 Hereditary Elliptocytosis	1477	(1)
George B. Segel
CHAPTER 466 Hereditary Stomatocytosis	1477	(1)
George B. Segel
CHAPTER 467 Other Membrane Defects	1478	(1)
George B. Segel
CHAPTER 468 Hemoglobin Disorders	1478	(10)
George R. Honig
468.1 Sickle Cell Hemoglobinopathies	1479	(3)
468.2 Sickle Cell Trait	1482	(1)
468.3 Other Hemoglobinopathies	1483	(1)
468.4 Unstable Hemoglobin Disorders	1483	(1)
468.5 Abnormal Hemoglobins with Increased Oxygen Affinity	1483	(1)
468.6 Abnormal Hemoglobins Causing Cyanosis	1483	(1)
468.7 Hereditary Methemoglobinemia	1484	(1)
468.8 Syndromes of Hereditary Persistence of Fetal Hemoglobin	1484	(1)
468.9 Thalassemia Syndromes	1484	(3)
468.10 Hemochromatosis	1487	(1)
CHAPTER 469 Enzmatic Defects	1488	(3)
Georege B. Segel
469.1 pyruvate Kinase Deficiency	1488	(1)
469.2 Other Glycolyitc Enzyme Dficiencies	1488	(1)
469.3 glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase (G6PD) and Related Deficiencies	1489	(2)
CHAPTER 470 Hemolytic Anemias Resulting from Extracellular Factors	1491	(2)
George B. Seget
CHAPTER 471 Hemolytic Anemias Secondary to Other Extracellular Factors	1493	(1)
George B. Seget
SECTION 4 Polycythemia (Erythorcytosis)	1493	(2)
CHAPTER 472 Primary Polycythemia	1493	(1)
Bruce M. Camitta
CHAPTER 473 Secondary Polycythemia	1494	(1)
Bruce M. Camitta
SECTION 5 The Pancytopenias	1495	(4)
Philip A. Pizzo
Alan D. D'Andrea
CHAPTER 474 The Constitutional Pancytopenias	1495	(2)
CHAPTER 475 The Acquired Pancytopenias	1497	(2)
SECTION 6 Blood and Blood Component Transfusions	1499	(5)
Ronald G. Strauss
CHAPTER 476 Red Blood Cell Transfusions and Erythropoietin Therapy	1499	(1)
CHAPTER 477 Platelet Transfusions	1500	(1)
CHAPTER 478 Neutrophil (Granulocyte) Transfusions	1501	(1)
CHAPTER 479 Transfusions of Fresh Frozen Plasma	1502	(1)
CHAPTER 480 Risks of Blood Transfusins	1503	(1)
SECTION 7 Hemorrhagic and Thrombotic Diseases	1504	(21)
Robert R. Montgomery
J. Paul Scott
CHAPTER 481 Hemotasis	1504	(4)
481.1 Hemostatic Mechanism	1504	(2)
481.2 The Clinical and Laboratory Evaluation	1506	(2)
CHAPTER 482 Hereditary Clotting Factor Deficiencies (Bleeding Disorders)	1508	(5)
482.1 Factor VIII or Factor IX Deficiency (Hemophilia A or B)	1508	(3)
482.2 Factor XI Deficiency (Hemophilia C)	1511	(1)
482.3 Deficiencies of the Contact Factors (Nonbleeding Disorders)	1511	(1)
482.4 Factor VII Dficiency	1512	(1)
482.5 Factor X Deficiency	1512	(1)
482.6 Prothrombin (Factor II) Deficiency	1512	(1)
482.7 Fibrinogen Deficiency	1512	(1)
482.8 Factor V Deficiency	1512	(1)
482.9 Combined Deficiency of Factor V and Factor VIII	1512	(1)
482.10 Factor XIII Deficiency (Fibrin-Stabilizing Factor or Transglutamminase Deficiency	1512	(1)
482.11 Antiplasmin or Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor (PAI) Deficiency	1513	(1)
CHAPTER 483 von Willebrand Disease	1513	(2)
CHAPTER 484 Hereditary predisposition ot Thrombosis	1515	(1)
CHAPTER 485 Acquired Thrombotic Disorders	1516	(2)
CHAPTER 486 Postneonatal Vitamin K Deficiency	1518	(1)
CHAPTER 487 Liver Disease	1518	(1)
CHAPTER 488 Acquired Inhibitors of Coagulation	1519	(1)
CHAPTER 489 Didsseminated Intravascular Coagulation (Consumptive Coagulopathy)	1519	(1)
CHAPTER 490 Disorders of the Platelets and the Blood Vessels	1520	(5)
490.1 Idiopathic Thrombocytopenia Purpura	1520	(2)
490.2 Drug-Induced Thrombocytopenia	1522	(1)
490.3 Nonimmune Platelet Destruction	1522	(1)
490.4 Hemolytic-Uremic Syndrome (HUS)	1522	(1)
490.5 Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura (TTP)	1522	(1)
490.6 Kasabach-Merritt Syndrom	1522	(1)
490.7 Sequestration	1522	(1)
490.8 Congenital Thrombocytopenic Syndromes	1522	(1)
490.9 Noenatal Thrombocytopenia	1523	(1)
490.10 Thrombocytopenia Due to Acquired Decreased Production	1523	(1)
490.11 Platelet Function Disorders	1524	(1)
490.12 Acquired Disorders of Platelet of Platelet Function	1524	(1)
490.13 Congenital Abnormalities of Platelet Function	1524	(1)
490.14 Disorders of the Blood Vessels	1525	(1)
SECTION 8 The Spleen	1525	(2)
ames French
Bruce M. Camitta
CHAPTER 491 Anatomy and Function of the Spleen	1525	(1)
CHAPTER 492 Splenomegaly	1526	(1)
CHAPTER 493 Hyposplenism, Splenic Trauma, Splenectomy	1526	(1)
SECTION 9 The Lymphatic System	1527	(4)
Alice Rock
Bruce M. Camitta
CHAPTER 494 Anatomy and Function of the lymphatic System	1527	(1)
CHAPTER 495 Abnormalities of Lymphatic Vessels	1528	(1)
CHAPTER 496 Lymphadenopathy	1528	(3)
PART XXI Neoplastic Diseases nd Tumors	1531	(42)
CHAPTER 497 Introduction to Pediatric Neoplastic Diseases and Tumors	1531	(1)
William M. Crist
CHAPTER 498 Epidemiology	1532	(1)
William M. Crist
CHAPTER 499 Molecular Pathogenesis	1533	(4)
Richard J. Bram
Michael J. McManus
CHAPTER 500 Principles of Treatment	1537	(1)
William M. Crist
CHAPTER 501 Principles of Treatment	1537	(6)
William M. Crist
501.1 Chemotherapy	1537	(1)
501.2 Acute Complications and Supportive Care	1537	(3)
501.3 Late Sequelae	1540	(1)
501.4 Bone Marrow Transplant	1540	(1)
Peter M. Anderson
501.5 Palliative Care	1541	(2)
CHAPTER 502 The Leukemias	1543	(5)
William M. Crist
William a. Smithson
502.1 Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia	1543	(3)
502.2 Acute myeloid Leukemia	1546	(1)
Carola A.S. Arndt
Peter A. Anderson
502.3 Juvenile Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia (JCML) of Juvenile Myelomonocytic Leukemia (JMML)	1547	(1)
502.4 Leukemia and Down Syndrome	1547	(1)
502.5 Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia	1547	(1)
William M. Crist
CHAPTER 503 Lymphoma	1548	(4)
Gerald S. Gilchrist
503.1 Hodgkin disease	1548	(2)
503.2 Non-Hodgking Lymphoma (NHL)	1550	(2)
CHAPTER 504 Neuroblastoma	1552	(2)
Michael J. McManus
Gerald S. Gilchrist
CHAPTER 505 Neoplasms of the Kidney	1554	(2)
Peter M. Anderson
505.1 Wilms Tumor	1554	(2)
505.2 Other Renal Neoplsms	1556	(1)
CHAPTER 506 Soft Tissue Sarcomas	1556	(2)
William M. Crist
Carola A.S. Arndt
506.1 Rhabdomyosarcoma	1556	(2)
506.2 Other Soft Tissue Saromas	1558	(1)
CHAPTER 507 Neoplasms of Bone	1558	(3)
Carola A.S. Arndt
507.1 Osteosarcoma	1558	(2)
507.2 Ewing Sarcoma	1560	(1)
CHAPTER 508 Retinoblastoma	1561	(1)
Gerald S. Gilchrist
Dennis M. Robertson
CHAPTER 509 Gonadal and Germ Cell Neoplsms	1562	(2)
William A. Smithson
CHAPTER 10 Neoplasms of the Liver	1564	(1)
Michael J. McManus
510.1 Treatment of Hepatoblastoma	1564	(1)
510.2 Treatment of Hepatocellular Carcinoma	1564	(1)
CHAPTER 511 Gastrointestinal Neoplasms	1564	(2)
William A. Smithson
511.1 Salivery Gland Tumors	1564	(1)
511.2 Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma	1565	(1)
511.3 carcinoma of the Stomach	1565	(1)
511.4 Pancreatic Tumors	1565	(1)
511.5 Colonic Polyps	1565	(1)
511.6 Adenocarcinoma of the Colon and Rectum	1566	(1)
CHAPTER 512 Carcinomas	1566	(1)
William A. Smithson
CHAPTER 513 Cancer of the Skin	1566	(1)
William A. Smithson
CHAPTER 514 Benign Tumors	1567	(3)
William J. Shaughnessy
Carola A.S. Arndt
514.1 Benign Tumors and Tumor-like Processes of Bone	1567	(2)
514.2 Hemangiomas	1569	(1)
514.3 Thymic Tumors	1569	(1)
514.4 Infantile Fibromatosis	1570	(1)
CHAPTER 515 Hisiocytosis Syndromes of Childhood	1570	(3)
Stephan Ladisch
PART XXII Nephrology	1573	(46)
SECTION 1 Glomerular Disease	1573	(4)
Jerry M. Bergstein
CHAPTER 516 Introduction to Glomerular Diseases	1573	(4)
516.1 Anatomy of the Glomerulus	1573	(1)
516.2 Glomerular Filtration	1574	(1)
516.3 Glomerular Diseases	1575	(2)
SECTION 2 Conditions particularly Associated with Hematuria	1577	(13)
Jerry M. Bergstein
CHAPTER 517 Clinical Evalution of the Child with Hematuria	1577	(2)
CHAPTER 518 Recurrent Gross Hematuria	1579	(2)
CHAPTER 519 Gross or Microscopic Hematuria	1581	(1)
519.1 Acute Postsreptococcal Glomerulonephritis	1581	(1)
CHAPTER 20 Memberanous Glomerulopathy	1582	(1)
CHAPTER 21 Systemic Lupus Erythematosus	1583	(1)
CHAPTER 22 Memberanoproliferative (Mesangio capillary) Glomerulonephritis	1584	(1)
CHAPTER 23 Glomerulonephritis of Chronic Infection	1585	(1)
CHAPTER 24 Rapidly Progressive (Crescentic) Glomerulnephritis	1585	(1)
CHAPTER 25 Goodpasture Disease	1586	(1)
CHAPTER 26 Hemolytic-Uremic Syndrome	1586	(1)
CHAPTER 27 Infection as a Cause of Hematuria	1587	(1)
CHAPTER 28 Hematologic Diseases Causing Hematuria	1587	(1)
528.1 Coagulopathies and Thrombocytopenia	1587	(1)
528.2 Sickle Cell Nephropathy	1588	(1)
528.3 Renal Vein Thrombosis	1588	(1)
CHAPTER 529 Anatomic Abnormalities Associated with Hematuria	1588	(2)
529.1 Autosomal Recessive Polycystic Kidney Disease	1588	(1)
529.2 Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease	1589	(1)
529.3 Vascular Abnormalities	1590	(1)
CHAPTER 530 Miscellaneous Etiologies of Hematuria	1590	(1)
530.1 Exercise Hematuria	1590	(1)
530.2 Drugs	1590	(1)
SECTION 3 Conditions Particularly Associated with Protenuria	1590	(6)
Jarry M. Bergstein
CHAPTER 531 Introduction to the Child with Proteinuria	1590	(1)
CHAPTER 532 Nonpathologic Proteinuria	1591	(1)
532.1 Postural (Orthostatic) Proteinuria	1591	(1)
532.2 Febrile Proteinuria	1591	(1)
532.3 Exercise Proteinuria	1591	(1)
CHAPTER 533 Pathologic Proteinuria	1591	(1)
533.1 Tubular Proteinuria	1591	(1)
533.2 Glomerular Proteinuria	1591	(1)
CHAPTER 534 Persistent Asymptomatic Proteinuria	1592	(1)
CHAPTER 535 Idiopathic Nephrotic Syndrome	1593	(3)
535.1 Idiopathic Nephrothic Nephrotic Syndrome	1593	(2)
535.2 Glomerulonephritis	1595	(1)
535.3 Tumors	1595	(1)
535.4 Drugs	1595	(1)
535.5 Congenital Nephrotic syndrome	1595	(1)
SECTION 4 Tubular Disorders	1596	(7)
CHAPTER 536 Tubular Function	1596	(1)
Jerry M. Bergstein
CHAPTER 537 Renal Tubular Acidosis	1597	(3)
Jerry M. Bergstein
537.1 Proximal Renal Tubular Acidosis	1597	(1)
537.2 Distal Renal Tubular Acidosis	1598	(1)
537.3 Cystinosis	1599	(1)
537.4 Oculocerbrorenal Syndrome of Lowe	1600	(1)
537.5 rickets Associated with Renal Tubular Acidosis	1600	(1)
Russell W. Chesney
CHAPTER 538 Nephrogenic Diabetes Insipidus	1600	(1)
Jerry M. Bergstein
CHAPTER 539 Bartter Syndrome	1601	(2)
Jerry M. Bergstein
CHAPTER 540 Interstitial Nephritis	1602	(1)
Jerry M. Bergstein
SECTION 5 Toxic Nephropathies--Renal Failure	1603	(16)
CHAPTER 541 Toxic Nephropathy	1603	(1)
Jerry M. Bergstein
CHAPTER 542 Cortical Necrosis	1604	(1)
Jerry M. Bergstein
CHAPTER 543 Renal Failure	1605	(7)
Jerry M. Bergstein
543.1 Acute Renal Failure	1605	(4)
543.2 Chronic Renal Failure	1609	(2)
543.3 End-Stage Renal Failure	1611	(1)
CHAPTER 544 Renal Transplantation	1612	(7)
Rodrigo E. Urizar
PART XXIII Urologic Disorders in Infants and Children	1619	(40)
Jack S. Elder
CHAPTER 545 Congenital Anomalies nad Dysgenesis of the Kidneys	1619	(2)
CHAPTER 546 Urinary Tract Infections	1621	(4)
CHAPTER 547 Vesicoureteral Reflux	1625	(4)
CHAPTER 548 Obstructions of the Urinary Tract	1629	(9)
CHAPTER 549 Anomalies of the Bladder	1638	(1)
CHAPTER 550 Neuropathic Bladder	1638	(4)
CHAPTER 551 Voiding Dysfunction	1642	(3)
CHAPTER 552 Anomalies of the Penis and Urethra	1645	(5)
CHAPTER 553 Disorders and Anomalies of the Scrotal contents	1650	(4)
CHAPTER 554 Trauma to the Genitourinary Tract	1654	(1)
CHAPTER 555 Urinayr Lithiasis	1655	(4)
PART XXIV Gynecologic Problem of Childhood	1659	(14)
Joseph S. Sanfilippo
CHAPTER 556 History and Physical Examination	1659	(1)
CHAPTER 557 Vulvovaginitis	1660	(3)
CHAPTER 558 Bleedign	1663	(1)
CHAPTER 559 Breast Disorders	1664	(2)
CHAPTER 560 Hirsutism and Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome	1666	(1)
CHAPTER 561 Neoplasms	1667	(2)
CHAPTER 562 Developmental Anomalies	1669	(3)
CHAPTER 563 Athletic Gynecologic Problems	1672	(1)
CHAPTER 564 Gynecologic Needs of Mentally Handicapped Children	1672	(1)
CHAPTER 565 Gynecologic Imaging	1672	(1)
PART XXV The Endocrine System	1673	(120)
SECTION 1 Disorders of the Hypothalamus and Pituitary Gland	1673	(296)
CHAPTER 566 Hormones of the Hypothalamus and Pituitary	1673	(2)
John S. Parks
CHAPTER 567 Hypopituitarism	1675	(6)
John S. Parks
CHAPTER 568 Diabetes insipidus	1681	(3)
H. William harris, Jr.
CHAPTER 569 Other Abnormalities of Arginine Vasopressin Metabolism and Action	1684	(1)
H. William Harris, Jr.
569.1 Syndrome of Inappropriate Secretion of Antidiuretic Hormone	1684	(1)
569.2 Cerebral Salt Wasting	1684	(1)
CHAPTER 570 Hyperpituitarism, Tall Stature, and Overgrowth Syndromes	1685	(2)
Pinchas Cohen
570.1 Sotos Syndrome	1686	(1)
570.2 Prolactinoma	1687	(1)
570.3 Overgrowth Syndromes	1687	(1)
CHAPTER 571 Physiology of Puberty	1687	(1)
Luigi Garibaldi
CHAPTER 572 Disorders of Pubertal Development	1688	(281)
Luigi Garibaldi
572.1 Gonadotropin-Dependent Precocious Puberty	1688	(2)
572.2 Precocious Puberty Resulting from Organic Brain Lesion	1690	(1)
572.3 Precocious Puberty Following Irradiation of the Brain	1691	(1)
572.4 Syndrome of of Precocious Puberty and Hypothyroidism	1692	(1)
572.5 Gonadotropin-Secreting Tumors	1692	(1)
572.6 McCune-Albright Syndrome	1692	(1)
572.7 Familial Male Gonadotropin--Independent Precocious Puberty	1693	(1)
572.8 Incomplete (Partial) Precocious Developpment	1694	(1)
572.9 Medicational Precocity	1694	(275)
SECTION 2 Disorders of the Thyroid Gland	1696	(19)
Stephen LaFranchi
CHAPTER 573 Thyroid Development and Physiology	1696	(2)
573.1 Thyroid Hormone Studies	1697	(1)
CHAPTER 574 Defects of Thyroxine-Binding globulin	1698	(1)
CHAPTER 575 Hypothyroidism	1698	(6)
CHAPTER 576 Thyroiditis	1704	(2)
CHAPTER 577 Goiter	1706	(3)
577.1 Congenital Goiter	1706	(1)
577.2 Endemic Goiter and Cretinism	1706	(2)
577.3 Sporadic Goiter	1708	(1)
577.4 Intratracheal Goiter	1708	(1)
CHAPTER 578 Graves Disease	1709	(3)
578.1 Graves Disease	1709	(2)
578.2 Congenital Hyperthyroidism	1711	(1)
CHAPTER 579 Carcinoma of the Thyroid	1712	(3)
579.1 Solitary Thyroid Nodule	1713	(1)
579.2 Medullary Carcinoma	1713	(2)
SECTION 3 Disorders of the Parathyroid Glands	1715	(7)
Daniel A. Doyle
Angelo M. Digeorge
CHAPTER 580 Hormones and Peptides of Calcium Homeostasis and Bone Metabolism	1715	(1)
CHAPTER 581 Hypoparathyroidism	1716	(2)
CHAPTER 582 Pseudohypoparathyroidism (Albright Hereditary Osteodystrophy)	1718	(1)
CHAPTER 583 Hyperparathyroidism	1719	(3)
SECTION 4 Disorders of the Adrenal Glands	1722	(22)
Lenore S. Levine
Angelo M. DiGeorge
CHAPTER 584 The Physiology of the Adrenal Gland	1722	(3)
CHAPTER 585 Adrenocortical Insufficiency	1725	(4)
CHAPTER 586 Adrenal Disorders and Genital Abnormalities	1729	(8)
586.1 Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia	1729	(7)
586.2 Virilizing Adrenocortical Tumors	1736	(1)
CHAPTER 587 Cushing Syndrome	1737	(2)
CHAPTER 588 Excess Mineralocorticoid Secretion	1739	(2)
CHAPTER 589 Feminizing Adrenal Tumors	1741	(1)
CHAPTER 590 Pheochromocytoma	1741	(2)
CHAPTER 591 Adrenal Calcification	1743	(1)
591.1 Adrenal Masses	1743	(1)
591.2 Adrenal Incidentaloma	1743	(1)
SECTION 5 Disorders of the Gonads	1744	(23)
Robert Rapaport
CHAPTER 592 Development and Function of the Gonads	1744	(2)
CHAPTER 593 Hypofunction of the Testes	1746	(5)
593.1 Hypergonadotropic Hypogonadism in the Male (Primary Hypogonadism)	1746	(3)
593.2 Hypogonadotropic Hypogonadism in the Male (Secondary Hypogonadism)	1749	(2)
CHAPTER 594 Pseudoprecocity Resulting from Tumors of the Testes	1751	(1)
CHAPTER 595 Gynecomastia	1752	(1)
CHAPTER 596 Hypofunction of the Ovaries	1753	(5)
596.1 Hypergonadotropic Hypogonadism in the Female (Primary Hypogonadism)	1753	(4)
596.2 Hypogonadotropic Hypogonadism in the Female (Secondary Hypogonadism)	1757	(1)
CHAPTER 597 Pseudoprecocity Due to Lesion of the Ovary	1758	(2)
CHAPTER 598 Hermaphroditism (Intersexuality)	1760	(7)
598.1 Female Pseudohermaphroditism	1760	(1)
598.2 Male Pseudohermaphroditism	1761	(4)
598.3 True Hermaphroditism	1765	(2)
SECTION 6 Diabetes Mellitus in Children	1767	(26)
CHAPTER 599 Diabetes Mellitus	1767	(26)
Mark A. Sperling
599.1 Introduction and Classification	1767	(1)
599.2 Type I Diabetes Mellitus (Immune-Mediated)	1768	(18)
599.3 Type II Diabetes	1786	(1)
599.4 Other Specific Types of Diabetes	1787	(6)
PART XXVI The Nervous System	1793	(74)
Robert H.A. Haslem
CHAPTER 600 Neurologic Evaluation	1793	(10)
CHAPTER 601 Congenital Anomalies of the Central Nervous System	1803	(10)
601.1 Neural Tube Defects	1803	(1)
601.2 Spina Bifida Occulta	1804	(1)
601.3 Meningocele	1804	(1)
601.4 Myelomeningocele	1804	(2)
601.5 Encephalocele	1806	(1)
601.6 Anencephaly	1806	(1)
601.7 Disorders of Neuronal Migration	1806	(2)
601.8 Agenesis of the Corpus Callosum	1808	(1)
601.9 Agenesis of the Cranial Nerves	1808	(1)
601.10 Microcephaly	1808	(2)
601.11 Hydrocephalus	1810	(2)
601.12 Craniosynostosis	1812	(1)
CHAPTER 602 Seizures in Childhood	1813	(16)
602.1 Partial Seizures	1814	(1)
602.2 Generalized Seizures	1815	(3)
602.3 Febrile Seizures	1818	(1)
602.4 Treatment of Epilepsy	1819	(6)
602.5 Neonatal Seizures	1825	(2)
602.6 Status Epilepticus	1827	(2)
602.7 Rickets Associated with Anticonvulsant Therapy	1829	(1)
Russell W. Chesney
CHAPTER 603 Conditions That Mimic Seizures	1829	(3)
CHAPTER 604 Headaches	1832	(3)
604.1 Migraine	1832	(2)
604.2 Organic Headaches	1834	(1)
604.3 Tension or Stress Headaches	1834	(1)
CHAPTER 605 Neurocutaneous Syndromes	1835	(4)
605.1 Neurofibromatosis	1835	(2)
605.2 Tuberous Sclerosis	1837	(1)
605.3 Sturge-Weber Disease	1838	(1)
605.4 von Hippel-Lindau Disease	1838	(1)
605.5 Linear Nevus Syndrome	1839	(1)
605.6 PHACE Syndrome	1839	(1)
CHAPTER 606 Movement Disorders	1839	(4)
606.1 Ataxias	1839	(1)
606.2 Chorea	1840	(1)
606.3 Dystonias	1840	(1)
606.4 Tics	1840	(3)
CHAPTER 607 Encephalopathies	1843	(5)
607.1 Cerebral Palsy	1843	(2)
607.2 Mitochondrial Encephalomyelopathies	1845	(2)
607.3 Other Encephalopathies	1847	(1)
CHAPTER 608 Neurodegenerative Disorders of Childhood	1848	(6)
608.1 Sphingolipidoses	1848	(3)
608.2 Neuronal Ceroid Lipofuscinoses	1851	(1)
608.3 Adrenoleukodystrophy	1851	(1)
608.4 Sialidosis	1852	(1)
608.5 Miscellaneous Disorders	1852	(2)
CHAPTER 609 Acute Stroke Syndromes	1854	(3)
609.1 Arterial Thrombosis/Embolism	1854	(1)
609.2 Venous Thrombosis	1855	(1)
609.3 Intracranial Hemorrhage	1856	(1)
609.4 Differential Diagnosis of Strokelike Events	1856	(1)
CHAPTER 610 Brain Abscess	1857	(1)
CHAPTER 611 Brain Tumors in Children	1858	(4)
CHAPTER 612 Pseudotumor Cerebri	1862	(1)
CHAPTER 613 Spinal Cord Disorders	1863	(4)
613.1 Spinal Cord Tumors	1863	(1)
613.2 Spinal Cord Trauma	1864	(1)
613.3 Tethered Cord	1864	(1)
613.4 Diastematomyelia	1864	(1)
613.5 Syringomyelia	1865	(1)
613.6 Transverse Myelitis	1865	(1)
613.7 Arteriovenous Malformation	1865	(2)
PART XXVII Neuromuscular Disorders	1867	(28)
Harvey B. Sarnat
CHAPTER 614 Evaluation and Investigation	1867	(2)
CHAPTER 615 Developmental Disorders of Muscle	1869	(4)
615.1 Myotubular Myopathy	1869	(2)
615.2 Congenital Muscle Fiber-Type Disproportion (CMFTD)	1871	(1)
615.3 Nemaline Rod Myopathy	1871	(1)
615.4 Central Core Disease	1872	(1)
615.5 Brain Malformations and Muscle Development	1872	(1)
615.6 Amyoplasia	1873	(1)
615.7 Muscular Dysgenesis	1873	(1)
615.8 Benign Congenital Hypotonia	1873	(1)
615.9 Arthrogryposis	1873	(1)
CHAPTER 616 Muscular Dystrophies	1873	(9)
616.1 Duchenne and Becker Muscular Dystrophies	1874	(3)
616.2 Emery-Dreifuss Muscular Dystrophy	1877	(1)
616.3 Myotonic Muscular Dystrophy	1878	(2)
616.4 Limb-Girdle Muscular Dystrophy	1880	(1)
616.5 Facioscapulohumeral Muscular Dystrophy	1880	(1)
616.6 Congenital Muscular Dystrophy	1881	(1)
CHAPTER 617 Endocrine Myopathies	1882	(1)
CHAPTER 618 Metabolic Myopathies	1883	(2)
618.1 Potassium-Related Periodic Paralysis	1883	(1)
618.2 Malignant Hyperthermia	1883	(1)
618.3 Glycogenoses	1883	(1)
618.4 Mitochondrial Myopathies	1884	(1)
618.5 Lipid Myopathies	1885	(1)
618.6 Vitamin E Deficiency Myopathy	1885	(1)
CHAPTER 619 Disorders of Neuromuscular Transmission and of Motor Neurons	1885	(3)
619.1 Myasthenia Gravis	1885	(2)
619.2 Spinal Muscular Atrophies	1887	(1)
619.3 Other Motor Neuron Diseases	1888	(1)
CHAPTER 620 Hereditary Motor-Sensory Neuropathies	1888	(3)
620.1 Peroneal Muscular Atrophy	1889	(1)
620.2 Peroneal Muscular Atrophy, Axonal Type	1889	(1)
620.3 Dejerine-Sottas Disease	1889	(1)
620.4 Roussy-Levy Syndrome	1889	(1)
620.5 Refsum Disease	1890	(1)
620.6 Fabry Disease	1890	(1)
620.7 Giant Axonal Neuropathy	1890	(1)
620.8 Congenital Hypomyelinating Neuropathy	1890	(1)
620.9 Tomaculous Neuropathy	1890	(1)
620.10 Leukodystrophies	1890	(1)
CHAPTER 621 Toxic Neuropathies	1891	(1)
CHAPTER 622 Autonomic Neuropathies	1891	(1)
622.1 Familial Dysautonomia	1891	(1)
622.2 Other Autonomic Neuropathies	1892	(1)
CHAPTER 623 Guillain-Barre Syndrome	1892	(1)
CHAPTER 624 Bell Palsy	1893	(2)
PART XXVIII Disorders of the Eye	1895	(43)
Scott E. Olitsky
Leonard B. Nelson
CHAPTER 625 Growth and Development	1895	(1)
CHAPTER 626 Examination of the Eye	1896	(2)
CHAPTER 627 Abnormalities of Refraction and Accommodation	1898	(1)
CHAPTER 628 Disorders of Vision	1899	(2)
CHAPTER 629 Abnormalities of Pupil and Iris	1901	(3)
CHAPTER 630 Disorders of Eye Movement and Alignment	1904	(5)
CHAPTER 631 Abnormalities of the Lids	1909	(2)
CHAPTER 632 Disorders of the Lacrimal System	1911	(1)
CHAPTER 633 Disorders of the Conjunctiva	1911	(3)
CHAPTER 634 Abnormalities of the Cornea	1914	(3)
CHAPTER 635 Abnormalities of the Lens	1917	(6)
CHAPTER 636 Disorders of the Uveal Tract	1923	(2)
CHAPTER 637 Disorders of the Retina and Vitreous	1925	(6)
CHAPTER 638 Abnormalities of the Optic Nerve	1931	(2)
CHAPTER 639 Childhood Glaucoma	1933	(1)
CHAPTER 640 Orbital Abnormalities	1934	(1)
CHAPTER 641 Injuries to the Eye	1935	(3)
PART XXIX The Ear	1938	(27)
Margaret Kenna
CHAPTER 642 Clinical Manifestations	1938	(2)
CHAPTER 643 Hearing Loss	1940	(7)
CHAPTER 644 Congenital Malformations	1947	(1)
CHAPTER 645 Diseases of the External Ear	1948	(2)
CHAPTER 646 Otitis Media and Its Complications	1950	(9)
646.1 Acute Otitis Media	1951	(2)
646.2 Persistent Middle-Ear Effusion	1953	(1)
646.3 Recurrent Acute Otitis Media	1953	(1)
646.4 Otitis Media with Effusion	1953	(2)
646.5 Atelectasis of the Tympanic Membrane-Middle Ear and High Negative Pressure	1955	(1)
646.6 Complications and Sequelae	1955	(4)
CHAPTER 647 The Inner Ear and Diseases of the Bony Labyrinth	1959	(1)
CHAPTER 648 Traumatic Injuries of the Ear and Temporal Bone	1960	(2)
CHAPTER 649 Tumors of the Ear and Temporal Bone	1962	(3)
PART XXX The Skin	1965	(90)
Gary L. Darmstadt
CHAPTER 650 Morphology of the Skin	1965	(1)
CHAPTER 651 Evaluation of the Patient	1966	(2)
CHAPTER 652 Principles of Therapy	1968	(2)
CHAPTER 653 Diseases of the Neonate	1970	(2)
CHAPTER 654 Cutaneous Defects	1972	(2)
CHAPTER 655 Ectodermal Dysplasias	1974	(1)
CHAPTER 656 Vascular Disorders	1975	(5)
CHAPTER 657 Cutaneous Nevi	1980	(3)
CHAPTER 658 Hyperpigmented Lesions	1983	(2)
CHAPTER 659 Hypopigmented Lesions	1985	(3)
CHAPTER 660 Vesiculobullous Disorders	1988	(6)
CHAPTER 661 Eczema	1994	(4)
CHAPTER 662 Photosensitivity	1998	(3)
CHAPTER 663 Diseases of the Epidermis	2001	(6)
CHAPTER 664 Disorders of Keratinization	2007	(4)
CHAPTER 665 Diseases of the Dermis	2011	(5)
CHAPTER 666 Diseases of Subcutaneous Tissue	2016	(3)
CHAPTER 667 Disorders of the Sweat Glands	2019	(2)
CHAPTER 668 Disorders of Hair	2021	(3)
CHAPTER 669 Disorders of the Nails	2024	(2)
CHAPTER 670 Disorders of the Mucous Membranes	2026	(2)
CHAPTER 671 Cutaneous Bacterial Infections	2028	(8)
CHAPTER 672 Cutaneous Fungal Infections	2036	(5)
CHAPTER 673 Cutaneous Viral Infections	2041	(2)
CHAPTER 674 Arthropod Bites and Infestations	2043	(4)
CHAPTER 675 Acne	2047	(4)
CHAPTER 676 Tumors of the Skin	2051	(2)
CHAPTER 677 Nutritional Dermatoses	2053	(2)
PART XXXI Bone and Joint Disorders	2055	(84)
SECTION 1 Orthopedic Problems	2055	(43)
George H. Thompson
Peter V. Scoles
CHAPTER 678 Growth and Development	2055	(1)
CHAPTER 679 Evaluation of the Child	2055	(3)
CHAPTER 680 The Foot and Toes	2058	(7)
680.1 Metatarsus Adductus	2059	(1)
680.2 Calcaneovalgus Feet	2059	(1)
680.3 Talipes Equinovarus (Clubfoot)	2060	(1)
680.4 Congenital Vertical Talus	2060	(1)
680.5 Hypermobile Pes Planus	2061	(1)
680.6 Tarsal Coalition	2061	(1)
680.7 Cavus Feet	2061	(1)
680.8 Osteochondroses	2062	(1)
680.9 Puncture Wounds of the Foot	2062	(1)
680.10 Toe Deformities	2062	(2)
680.11 Painful Foot	2064	(1)
680.12 Shoes	2064	(1)
CHAPTER 681 Torsional and Angular Deformities	2065	(8)
681.1 Normal Developmental Alignment	2065	(2)
681.2 Internal Femoral Torsion	2067	(1)
681.3 Internal Tibial Torsion	2068	(1)
681.4 External Femoral Torsion	2068	(1)
681.5 External Tibial Torsion	2069	(1)
681.6 Genu Varum (Bowlegs)	2069	(2)
681.7 Genu Valgum (Knock-Knees)	2071	(1)
681.8 Congenital Angular Deformities of the Tibia and Fibula	2071	(2)
CHAPTER 682 Leg Length Discrepancy	2073	(2)
CHAPTER 683 The Knee	2075	(2)
683.1 Discoid Lateral Meniscus	2075	(1)
683.2 Popliteal Cyst	2075	(1)
683.3 Osteochondritis Dissecans	2075	(1)
683.4 Osgood-Schlatter Disease	2076	(1)
683.5 Idiopathic Adolescent Anterior Knee Pain Syndrome	2076	(1)
683.6 Patellar Subluxation and Dislocation	2076	(1)
CHAPTER 684 The Hip	2077	(5)
684.1 Developmental Dysplasia of the Hip	2077	(2)
684.2 Transient Monoarticular Synovitis	2079	(1)
684.3 Legg-Calve-Perthes Disease	2080	(1)
684.4 Slipped Capital Femoral Epiphysis	2081	(1)
CHAPTER 685 The Spine	2082	(7)
685.1 Idiopathic Scoliosis	2083	(1)
685.2 Congenital Scoliosis	2084	(1)
685.3 Neuromuscular Scoliosis, Syndromes, and Compensatory Scoliosis	2085	(1)
685.4 Kyphosis	2086	(1)
685.5 Back Pain in Children	2087	(1)
685.6 Spondylolysis and Spondylolisthesis	2087	(1)
685.7 Disk Space Infection	2088	(1)
685.8 Intervertebral Disk Herniation	2088	(1)
685.9 Tumors	2089	(1)
CHAPTER 686 The Neck	2089	(2)
686.1 Torticollis	2089	(1)
686.2 Klippel-Feil Syndrome	2090	(1)
686.3 Atlantoaxial Instability	2090	(1)
CHAPTER 687 The Upper Limb	2091	(3)
687.1 Sprengel Deformity	2091	(1)
687.2 Shoulder Dislocation	2092	(1)
687.3 Nursemaid's Elbow	2092	(1)
687.4 Panner Disease	2092	(1)
687.5 Ganglion	2093	(1)
687.6 Radial Clubhand	2093	(1)
687.7 Polydactyly	2093	(1)
687.8 Syndactyly	2093	(1)
687.9 Congenital Trigger Thumb and Finger	2093	(1)
CHAPTER 688 Arthrogryposis	2094	(1)
688.1 Amyoplasia	2094	(1)
CHAPTER 689 Common Fractures	2095	(3)
689.1 Pediatric Fracture Patterns	2095	(1)
689.2 Clavicular Fractures	2096	(1)
689.3 Proximal Humerus Fractures	2096	(1)
689.4 Distal Radius and Ulna Fractures	2096	(1)
689.5 Phalangeal Fractures	2096	(1)
689.6 Toddler Fracture	2097	(1)
689.7 Lateral Malleolar Fractures	2097	(1)
689.8 Metatarsal Fractures	2097	(1)
689.9 Toe Phalangeal Fractures	2097	(1)
689.10 Operative Treatment	2097	(1)
SECTION 2 Sports Medicine	2098	(15)
Albert Hergenroeder
Joseph N. Chorley
CHAPTER 690 Epidemiology and Prevention	2098	(3)
CHAPTER 691 Management of Musculoskeletal Injury	2101	(6)
691.1 Growth Plate Injuries	2102	(1)
691.2 Shoulder Injuries	2103	(1)
691.3 Elbow Injuries	2104	(1)
691.4 Back Injuries	2104	(1)
691.5 Hip and Pelvis Injuries	2105	(1)
691.6 Knee Injuries	2105	(1)
691.7 Shin Splints and Stress Fractures of the Lower Leg	2106	(1)
691.8 Ankle Injuries	2106	(1)
691.9 Foot Injuries	2107	(1)
CHAPTER 692 Head and Neck Injuries	2107	(1)
CHAPTER 693 Heat Injuries	2108	(1)
CHAPTER 694 Female Athletes, Menstrual Problems, and the Risk for Osteopenia	2109	(1)
CHAPTER 695 Ergogenic Aids	2110	(1)
CHAPTER 696 Specific Sports and Associated Injuries	2110	(3)
SECTION 3 The Skeletal Dysplasias	2113	(19)
William A. Horton
Jacqueline T. Hecht
CHAPTER 697 General Considerations	2113	(3)
CHAPTER 698 Disorders Involving Cartilage Matrix Proteins	2116	(4)
CHAPTER 699 Disorders Involving Transmembrane Receptors	2120	(3)
CHAPTER 700 Disorders Involving Ion Transporter	2123	(1)
-CHAPTER 701 Disorders Involving Transcription Factors	2124	(1)
CHAPTER 702 Disorders Involving Defective Bone Resorption	2125	(1)
CHAPTER 703 Disorders for Which Defects Are Unknown	2126	(2)
CHAPTER 704 Osteogenesis Imperfecta	2128	(3)
Joan C. Marini
CHAPTER 705 Marfan Syndrome	2131	(1)
Luther K. Robinson
SECTION 4 Metabolic Bone Disease	2132	(7)
Russell W. Chesney
CHAPTER 706 Bone Structure, Growth, and Hormonal Regulation	2132	(2)
CHAPTER 707 Primary Chondrodystrophy	2134	(1)
CHAPTER 708 Idiopathic Hypercalcemia	2135	(1)
CHAPTER 709 Hypophosphatasia	2135	(1)
CHAPTER 710 Hyperphosphatasia	2136	(1)
CHAPTER 711 Familial Hypophosphatemia	2136	(1)
CHAPTER 712 Vitamin D-Dependent Rickets	2137	(1)
CHAPTER 713 Oncogenous Rickets	2137	(2)
PART XXXII Unclassified Diseases	2139	(9)
CHAPTER 714 Sudden Infant Death Syndrome	2139	(4)
Carl E. Hunt
CHAPTER 715 Sarcoidosis	2143	(1)
Margaret W. Leigh
CHAPTER 716 Progeria	2144	(1)
W. Ted Brown