Netter's Atlas of Human Embryology

by Cochard

• ISBN13: 9780914168997
• ISBN10: 0914168991
• Edition: 1st
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2002-08-01
• Publisher: Saunders

Summary

Here's a rich pictorial review of normal and abnormal human prenatal development. For each body system or region, you'll find a brief description of the developmental plan, with key concepts and terminology, followed by discussions of histological principles, the classification of congenital defects, and basic cellular, molecular, and genetic concepts. An emphasis on morphological patterns in the embryo and fetus makes it easy to understand the structure and function of the adult body and the embryonic basis of birth defects. Summary tables and terminology sections at the end of each chapter, plus an appendix with all major congenital defects and their embryonic basis, make it easy to review course material and prepare for the USMLE.

Table of Contents

An Overview of Developmental Events, Processes, and Abnormalities	1	(26)
The First and Second Weeks	2	(1)
The Embryonic Period
The Early Embryonic Period	3	(1)
The Late Embryonic Period	4	(1)
The Fetal Period	5	(1)
Histological Concepts
Samples of Epithelia and Connective Tissue	6	(1)
Skin and Embryonic Connective Tissue	7	(1)
Induction	8	(1)
Apoptosis	9	(1)
Segmentation and Early Pattern Formation
Genetic Determination of Embryonic Axes and Segments	10	(1)
Segmentation and Segment Fates	11	(1)
Cell Adhesion and Cell Migration	12	(1)
Cell Differentiation and Cell Fates	13	(1)
Growth Factors	14	(1)
Classification of Abnormal Processes	15	(1)
Classification of Multiple Anomalies	16	(1)
Normal Versus Major Versus Minor Malformations	17	(1)
Marfan Syndrome	18	(1)
Apert and De Lange Syndromes	19	(1)
Examples of Deformations	20	(1)
Example of a Deformation Sequence	21	(1)
Drug-Induced Embryopathies	22	(1)
Terminology	23	(4)
Early Embryonic Development and the Placenta	27	(24)
Adult Uterus, Ovaries, and Uterine Tubes	28	(1)
Ovary, Ova, and Follicle Development	29	(1)
The Menstrual Cycle and Pregnancy	30	(1)
The First Week	31	(1)
Ectopic Pregnancy	32	(1)
Tubal Pregnancy	33	(1)
Interstitial, Abdominal, and Ovarian Pregnancy	34	(1)
The Second Week	35	(1)
The Third Week	36	(1)
Events Related to Gastrulation	37	(1)
Folding of the Embryo in Week 4	38	(1)
The Vertebrate Body Plan	39	(1)
Formation of the Placenta	40	(1)
The Endometrium, and Fetal Membranes	41	(1)
Placental Structure
Placental Structure	42	(1)
External Placental Structure; Maternal-Fetal Blood Barrier	43	(1)
Placental Variations	44	(1)
Placenta Previa	45	(1)
Summary of Ectodermal Derivatives	46	(1)
Summary of Endodermal Derivatives	47	(1)
Summary of Mesodermal Derivatives	48	(1)
Terminology	49	(2)
The Nervous System	51	(32)
Formation of the Neural Plate	52	(1)
Neurulation	53	(1)
Neural Tube and Neural Crest	54	(1)
Neural Tube Defects
Defects of the Spinal Cord and Vertebral Column	55	(1)
Defects of the Brain and Skull	56	(1)
Neuron Development	57	(1)
Development of the Cellular Sheath of Axons	58	(1)
Development of the Spinal Cord Layers	59	(1)
Development of the Spinal Cord	60	(1)
Peripheral Nervous System
Development of the Peripheral Nervous System	61	(1)
Somatic Versus Splanchnic Nerves	62	(1)
Growth of the Spinal Cord and Vertebral Column	63	(1)
Embryonic Dermatomes	64	(1)
Adult Dermatomes	65	(1)
Development of the Brain
Early Brain Development	66	(1)
Further Development of Forebrain, Midbrain, and Hindbrain	67	(1)
Development of Major Brain Structures	68	(1)
Growth of the Cerebral Hemispheres	69	(1)
Derivatives of the Forebrain, Midbrain, and Hindbrain	70	(1)
Cross Sections of the Midbrain and Hindbrain	71	(1)
Production of Cerebrospinal Fluid	72	(1)
Development of Motor Nuclei in the Brainstem	73	(1)
Segmentation of the Hindbrain	74	(1)
Development of the Forebrain
Forebrain Wall and Ventricles	75	(1)
Relationship Between Telencephalon and Diencephalon	76	(1)
Development of the Pituitary Gland	77	(1)
Development of the Ventricles	78	(1)
Congenital Ventricular Defects	79	(1)
Terminology	80	(3)
The Cardiovascular System	83	(30)
Early Vascular Systems	84	(1)
Vein Development
Early Development of the Cardinal Systems	85	(1)
Transformation to the Postnatal Pattern	86	(1)
Vein Anomalies	87	(1)
Aortic Arch Arteries	88	(1)
Artery Anomalies
Aortic Arch Anomalies	89	(1)
Anomalous Origins of the Pulmonary Arteries	90	(1)
Intersegmental Arteries and Coarctation of the Aorta	91	(1)
Summary of Embryonic Blood Vessel Derivatives	92	(1)
Formation of Blood Vessels	93	(1)
Formation of the Heart Tube
Formation of the Left and Right Heart Tubes	94	(1)
Formation of a Single Heart Tube	95	(1)
Chambers of the Heart Tube	96	(1)
Bending of the Heart Tube	97	(1)
Partitioning the Heart Tube	98	(1)
Atrial Separation	99	(1)
Spiral (Aorticopulmonary) Septum	100	(1)
Completion of the Spiral (Aorticopulmonary) Septum	101	(1)
Ventricular Separation and Bulbus Cordis	102	(1)
Adult Derivatives of the Heart Tube Chambers	103	(1)
Fetal Circulation	104	(1)
Transition to Postnatal Circulation	105	(1)
Congenital Heart Defect Concepts	106	(1)
Ventricular Septal Defects	107	(1)
Atrial Septal Defects	108	(1)
Spiral Septum Defects	109	(1)
Patent Ductus Arteriosus	110	(1)
Terminology	111	(2)
The Respiratory System	113	(18)
Early Primordia	114	(1)
Formation of the Pleural Cavities	115	(1)
The Relationship Between Lungs and Pleural Cavities	116	(1)
Visceral and Parietal Pleura	117	(1)
Development of the Diaphragm	118	(1)
Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia	119	(1)
Airway Branching
The Airway at 4 to 7 Weeks	120	(1)
The Airway at 7 to 10 Weeks	121	(1)
Development of Bronchioles and Alveoli	122	(1)
Bronchial Epithelium Maturation	123	(1)
Congenital Anomalies of the Lower Airway	124	(1)
Airway Branching Anomalies	125	(1)
Bronchopulmonary Sequestration	126	(1)
Palate Formation in the Upper Airway	127	(1)
The Newborn Upper Airway	128	(1)
Terminology	129	(2)
The Gastrointestinal System and Abdominal Wall	131	(26)
Early Primordia	132	(1)
Formation of the Gut Tube and Mesenteries	133	(1)
Foregut, Midgut, and Hindgut	134	(1)
Abdominal Veins	135	(1)
Foregut and Midgut Rotations	136	(1)
Meckel's Diverticulum	137	(1)
Lesser Peritoneal Sac	138	(1)
Introduction to the Retroperitoneal Concept	139	(1)
Midgut Loop	140	(1)
Abdominal Ligaments	141	(1)
Abdominal Foregut Organ Development	142	(1)
Development of Pancreatic Acini and Islets	143	(1)
Congenital Pancreatic Anomalies	144	(1)
Development of the Hindgut	145	(1)
Congenital Anomalies
Duplication, Atresia, and Situs Inversus	146	(1)
Megacolon (Hirschsprung's Disease)	147	(1)
Summary of Gut Organization	148	(1)
Development of the Abdominal Wall	149	(1)
Umbilical Hernia	150	(1)
The Inguinal Region	151	(1)
Anterior Testis Descent	152	(1)
The Adult Inguinal Region	153	(1)
Anomalies of the Processus Vaginalis	154	(1)
Terminology	155	(2)
The Urogenital System	157	(28)
Early Primordia	158	(1)
Division of the Cloaca	159	(1)
Congenital Cloacal Anomalies	160	(1)
Pronephros, Mesonephros, and Metanephros	161	(1)
Development of the Metanephros	162	(1)
Ascent and Rotation of the Metanephric Kidneys	163	(1)
Kidney Rotation and Migration Anomalies
Kidney Rotation Anomalies and Renal Fusion	164	(1)
Kidney Migration Anomalies and Blood Vessel Formation	165	(1)
Hypoplasia	166	(1)
Ureteric Bud Duplication	167	(1)
Ectopic Ureters	168	(1)
Bladder Anomalies	169	(1)
Allantois/Urachus Anomalies	170	(1)
Primordia of the Genital System	171	(1)
8-Week Undifferentiated (Indifferent) Stage	172	(1)
Anterior View of the Derivatives	173	(1)
Paramesonephric Duct Anomalies	174	(1)
Homologues of the External Genital Organs	175	(1)
Hypospadias and Epispadias	176	(1)
Gonadal Differentiation	177	(1)
Testis, Epididymis, and Ductus Deferens	178	(1)
Descent of Testis	179	(1)
Ova and Follicles	180	(1)
Summary of Urogenital Primordia and Derivatives	181	(1)
Summary of Genital Primordia and Derivatives	182	(1)
Terminology	183	(2)
The Musculoskeletal System	185	(30)
Myotomes, Dermatomes, and Sclerotomes	186	(1)
Muscle and Vertebral Column Segmentation	187	(1)
Mesenchymal Primordia at 5 and 6 Weeks	188	(1)
Ossification of the Vertebral Column	189	(1)
Development of the Atlas, Axis, Ribs, and Sternum	190	(1)
Bone Cells and Bone Deposition	191	(1)
Histology of Bone	192	(1)
Membrane Bone and Skull Development	193	(1)
Bone Development in Mesenchyme	194	(1)
Osteon Formation	195	(1)
Compact Bone Development and Remodeling	196	(1)
Endochondral Ossification in a Long Bone	197	(1)
Epiphyseal Growth Plate	198	(1)
Peripheral Cartilage Function in the Epiphysis	199	(1)
Epiphyseal Growth Plate
Structure and Function of the Growth Plate	200	(1)
Pathophysiology of the Growth Plate	201	(1)
Ossification in the Newborn Skeleton	202	(1)
Joint Development	203	(1)
Muscular System: Primordia	204	(1)
Segmentation and Division of Myotomes	205	(1)
Epimere, Hypomere, and Muscle Groups	206	(1)
Development and Organization of Limb Buds	207	(1)
Rotation of the Limbs	208	(1)
Limb Rotation and Dermatomes	209	(1)
Embryonic Plan of the Brachial Plexus	210	(1)
Divisions of the Lumbosacral Plexus	211	(1)
Developing Skeletal Muscles	212	(1)
Terminology	213	(2)
Head and Neck	215	(38)
Ectoderm, Endoderm, and Mesoderm	216	(1)
Pharyngeal (Branchial) Arches	217	(1)
Ventral and Midsagittal Views	218	(1)
Fate of the Pharyngeal Pouches	219	(1)
Midsagittal View of the Pharynx	220	(1)
Fate of the Pharyngeal Grooves	221	(1)
Pharyngeal Groove and Pouch Anomalies	222	(1)
Pharyngeal Arch Nerves	223	(1)
Sensory Innervation Territories	224	(1)
Early Development of Pharyngeal Arch Muscles	225	(1)
Later Development of Pharyngeal Arch Muscles	226	(1)
Pharyngeal Arch Cartilages	227	(1)
Ossification of the Skull	228	(2)
Premature Suture Closure	230	(1)
Cervical Ossification	231	(1)
Torticollis	232	(1)
Cervical Plexus	233	(1)
Orbit	234	(1)
Ear Development	235	(1)
Adult Ear Organization	236	(1)
Summary of Ear Development	237	(1)
Cranial Nerve Primordia	238	(1)
Cranial Nerve Neuron Components	239	(1)
Parasympathetic Innervation and Unique Nerves	240	(1)
Development of the Face: 3 to 4 Weeks	241	(1)
Early Development of the Face: 4 to 6 Weeks	242	(1)
Later Development of the Face	243	(1)
Palate Formation	244	(1)
Interior View of Palate Formation	245	(1)
Congenital Anomalies of the Oral Cavity	246	(1)
Floor of the Oral Cavity	247	(1)
Developmental Cross Sections	248	(1)
Tooth Structure and Development	249	(1)
Dental Eruption	250	(1)
Terminology	251	(2)
Appendix A Summary of Common Congenital Anomalies Throughout the Body and Their Embryonic Causes	253	(4)
Index	257