The Neuropathology of Schizophrenia Progress and Interpretation

by Harrison, Paul J.; Roberts, Gareth

• ISBN13: 9780192629074
• ISBN10: 0192629077
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 2000-10-26
• Publisher: Oxford University Press

Summary

The neuropathology of schizophrenia is one of the most controversial areas of research in psychiatry; however, in the last twenty years, there have been significant advances in our understanding of the topic. This book provides a much needed, balanced, comprehensive and up-to-date overview ofthis rapidly moving field. It starts by describing the findings derived from new imaging techniques and histological studies, focusing specifically on the morphology, arrangement and connectivity of the neurons making up the cortical cytoarchitecture, a feature thought to be central tounderstanding the pathology. This is followed by critical appraisal of the various interpretations placed upon these findings, such as the neurodevelopmental hypothesis. Finally, there are chapters considering the conceptual and methodological problems affecting the subject. This is a timely andunique book on this classic and controversial issue, with contributions from many of the leading international experts in the field.

Table of Contents

List of contributors	xi
Introduction	1	(4)
Structural Imaging Findings and Macroscopic Pathology	5	(52)
Richard Hopkins
Shon Lewis
In vivo brain imaging in schizophrenia	7	(1)
Brain morphology in schizophrenia	8	(9)
Global versus regional changes	17	(18)
Structural abnormalities as part of a neural network	35	(1)
Timing and progression of structural abnormalities	36	(2)
Diagnostic specificity of the findings	38	(1)
Conclusions and future directions	39	(18)
Hippocampal Pathology	57	(24)
Steven E. Arnold
Neuroanatomy of the normal hippocampal formation	58	(3)
Gross morphometry of the hippocampal formation in schizophrenia	61	(1)
Hippocampal cytoarchitecture and neuronal morphometry in schizophrenia	62	(7)
Cognitive impairment, dementia, and investigations of neurodegeneration in schizophrenia	69	(2)
Regional specificity of hippocampal neuropathological findings	71	(2)
Concluding remarks	73	(8)
Cortical Pathology: a New Generation of Quantitative Microscopic Studies	81	(24)
Francine M. Benes
Stereomorphometric studies	82	(4)
The cortical GABA system	86	(2)
The cortical glutamate system	88	(3)
The cortical dopamine system	91	(3)
Cortical pathology and the neurodevelopmental hypothesis	94	(1)
Conclusions	95	(10)
Synaptic Pathology	105	(32)
William C. Honer
Clint Young
Peter Falkai
Assessment of synapses	105	(9)
Models of synaptic abnormalities in schizophrenia	114	(1)
Studies of synapses in schizophrenia	115	(9)
Discussion and conclusions	124	(13)
Gliosis and its Implications for the Disease Process	137	(14)
Gareth W. Roberts
Paul J. Harrison
Glia and gliosis	137	(3)
Gliosis in schizophrenia	140	(3)
The meaning of an absence of gliosis	143	(2)
Conclusions	145	(6)
Cerebral Asymmetry	151	(22)
Dorothy P. Holinger
Albert M. Galaburda
Paul J. Harrison
Structural cerebral asymmetries	152	(3)
Cerebral asymmetry in schizophrenia	155	(7)
Conclusions	162	(11)
Functional Imaging and Neural Circuitry in Schizophrenia	173	(16)
Susan K. Schultz
Nancy C. Andreasen
Applied neuroimaging and the neuropathology of schizophrenia	173	(2)
Functional imaging techniques	175	(2)
Functional imaging and neurocircuitry	177	(5)
Corticothalamocerebellar circuitry and cognitive dysmetria in schizophrenia	182	(2)
Summary and conclusion	184	(5)
Neuropathology and the Neurodevelopmental Model	189	(24)
Mayada Akil
Daniel P. Weinberqer
Evidence supporting a neurodevelopmental origin of schizophrenia	190	(3)
Evidence against schizophrenia as a neurodegenerative disorder	193	(2)
Neuropathological findings and the neurodevelopmental model	195	(7)
Limitations of the neurodevelopmental model	202	(11)
Cortical Development and Schizophrenia	213	(22)
Jack Price
Gareth W. Roberts
Molecular basis for the organisation of the forebrain	215	(8)
Pattern formation and its functional consequences	223	(4)
Fate determination	227	(2)
Concluding remarks	229	(6)
The Organization of Cortical Circuitry	235	(22)
David A. Lewis
A model system for circuitry analysis: the primate dorsolateral prefrontal cortex	236	(1)
Cortical neuron types	237	(2)
Laminar arrangement of neurons	239	(2)
Organization of efferent projections	241	(1)
Organization and termination of afferent projections	242	(3)
Vulnerable prefrontal cortex circuitry in schizophrenia	245	(12)
Perspectives from other Diseases and Lesions	257	(20)
Margaret M. Esiri
R. Carl A. Pearson
Neuropathology and diagnostic issues	257	(1)
Diseases sharing non-specific pathological features with schizophrenia	258	(4)
Disorders in which schizophrenia-like symptoms may occur	262	(3)
Normal determinants of neuronal parameters and the effects of experimental lesions	265	(3)
Suggestions for future studies	268	(9)
Animal Models of Schizophrenia	277	(14)
Barbara K. Lipska
Daniel R. Weinberger
Modeling schizophrenia in animals: some general considerations	278	(2)
Neurodevelopmental animal models of schizophrenia	280	(5)
Future approaches to modeling schizophrenia in animals	285	(6)
A Sceptical View of the Neuropathology of Schizophrenia	291	(48)
Siew E. Chua
Peter J. McKenna
Overall brain dimensions	292	(6)
Lateral ventricular enlargement	298	(6)
Regional cerebral volumes	304	(6)
Temporal lobe limbic structures	310	(2)
Other brain structures	312	(9)
Histological findings	321	(7)
Conclusions	328	(11)
Methodological Issues	339	(12)
Paul J. Harrison
Joel E. Kleinman
Methodological issues in case collection and selection	340	(3)
Methodological issues for studies of neurochemical pathology	343	(2)
Methodological issues for morphometric studies	345	(6)
Neuropathological Consequences of Schizophrenia Treatments	351	(18)
Paul J. Harrison
Neuropathological effects of antipsychotic drugs	351	(10)
Neuropathological effects of other treatments	361	(1)
Neuropathological effects of substance misuse	362	(1)
Conclusions	362	(7)
Index	369