List of Illustrations | |
Preface to the Second Edition | |
Source Acknowledgments | |
The Formation of the Islamic Tradition | |
Islam in Global Perspective | |
The Problem of Defining Islam | |
Mapping the Islamic World | |
Arabs and Non-Arabs | |
SunnCs and Shi'ites | |
Islamic Ritual | |
What to Expect from This Book | |
Essential Resources for the Study of Islam | |
Arabia | |
Geography | |
Pre-Islamic Poetry | |
Arab Religion | |
Women in Pre-Islamic Arabia | |
Mecca and the Quraysh | |
The Gifts of the Arabs | |
Resources for Further Study | |
The Pre-Islamic Near East | |
Christianity in the Near East | |
Saints and Relics | |
Zoroastrianism | |
Judaism | |
Manichaeism | |
Mazdak | |
The Place of the Arabs in the Near East | |
Resources for Further Study | |
The Life of Muhammad | |
Prologue and Setting | |
Birth and Childhood | |
Early Adulthood | |
The Beginning of Revelation | |
Opposition | |
The Night Journey and Ascent to Heaven | |
The Hijra | |
The Battle of Badr | |
Confrontation with the Jews of Medina | |
The Battle of Uhud | |
The Peace of al-Ludaybiyya and the Farewell Pilgrimage | |
Evaluation | |
Resources for Further Study | |
The QurÆan | |
Approaches to the QurÆan | |
The History of the Text | |
Jesus in the QurÆan | |
The QurÆan in Muslim Piety | |
The Eternity of the QurÆan | |
The Inimitability of the QurÆan | |
Interpreting the QurÆan | |
Central Themes | |
QurÆanic Narratives | |
QurÆanic Law and the Problem of Abrogation | |
Women and Gender in the QurÆan | |
The Problem of Context | |
Resources for Further Study | |
The Tradition Literature | |
The Science of Hadith | |
The Origins of Hadith | |
In Quest of the Historical Muhammad | |
The Sira and the Shaping of an Islamic Worldview | |
Resources for Further Study | |
The Expansion of Islam | |
The Conquests | |
Psychological Impact | |
Archeological Data: The ôInvisibleö Conquests | |
Resources for Further Study | |
Religion of Empire | |
Arab Colonial Policy | |
Conversion to Islam | |
Leadership | |
The First Civil War | |
The Martyrdom of Lusayn | |
The Deputy of God | |
Personal Piety | |
The Dome of the Rock | |
The Constitution of Medina | |
Resources for Further Study | |
The Caliphate | |
Ibn al-MuqaffaÆ | |
The Shi'ite Vision | |
The æAbbasids | |
Twelvers | |
Isma'ilis | |
Nizari ôAssassinsö | |
Kharijites | |
The Sasanian Revival | |
Al-Mawardi and the Sunni Compromise | |
Resources for Further Study | |
Islamic Institutions | |
Islamic Law | |
The Coffee Debate | |
Revelation and Reason | |
Qiyas | |
The Schools of Law | |
Islamic Law and the State | |
Ijma' | |
The Uaul al-Fiqh | |
The Substance of the Law | |
Ritual Purity | |
Acts of Worship | |
Marriage and Divorce | |
The Origins of Islamic Law | |
Al-Shafi' i and Islamic Legal Theory | |
Resources for Further Study | |
Islamic Theology and Philosophy | |
Freedom and Determinism | |
GodÆs Attributes | |
Anthropomorphism | |
Faith and Works | |
Leadership | |
The Sunni Consensus | |
Ahmad ibn Lanbal | |
Al-AshÆari | |
Kalam | |
Jewish and Christian Influences | |
The Challenge of Philosophy | |
Prophecy and Revelation in Islamic Philosophy | |
Philosophy and Mysticism | |
Resources for Further Study | |
Sufism | |
The Parliament of Birds | |
Stages on the Path | |
The Spiritual Master | |
Sufi Brotherhoods | |
Sufi Ritual | |
The Destination | |
Sufi Cosmology | |
Sufism in History: The Case of al-Hallaj | |
Beginnings to the Tenth Century | |
Classical Manuals and the Growth of Tariqas | |
The Pervasiveness of Sufism | |
Resources for Further Study | |
Crisis and Renewal in Islamic History | |
Turks, Crusaders, and Mongols | |
The Saljuqs | |
Al-Ghazali and the Sunni Revival | |
Slave Soldiers | |
The Crusades | |
The Mongols | |
The Impact of the Mongol Invasions | |
Resources for Further Study | |
Revival and Reform | |
The Ottoman, Safavid, and Mughal Empires | |
The Rise of European Power | |
The Religious Environment | |
The æUlamaÆ | |
Sufi Reformers | |
The Wahhabi Movement | |
Resources for Further Study | |
Islam and the West | |
NapoleonÆs Invasion of Egypt | |
The Birth of Orientalism | |
Jihad Movements | |
Al-Afghani | |
Sayyid Ahmad Khan and æAligarh | |
Resources for Further Study | |
The Turbulent Twentieth Century | |
Islam and Modernity | |
The Abolition of the Caliphate | |
Nationalism | |
Secularism | |
The Salafi Movement | |
The Muslim Brotherhood | |
Jihad and Martyrdom | |
From ShariÆa to Secular Law and Back | |
Muslim Family Law | |
Modern QurÆan Interpretation | |
The Problem of Sunna | |
Ijtihad and Ijma' | |
A New Kalam? | |
Muhammad æAbduh | |
Muhammad Iqbal | |
The Vitality of Sufism | |
Resources for Further Study | |
Islam in the Twenty-First Century | |
The Challenge of Pluralism | |
Twenty-First-Century Wahhabism | |
Islamic Liberalism | |
Islam in the West | |
Islamic Feminism | |
The Challenge of Islam | |
Glossary | |
Bibliography | |
Index | |
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