New Vaccine Technologies

by Ellis,Ronald W.

• ISBN13: 9781587060502
• ISBN10: 1587060507
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 2001-06-01
• Publisher: CRC Press

Summary

(Eurekah.com) BioChem Pharma/Shire Biologics, Northborough, MA. Focuses on the application and development of new technologies for creating new vaccines. The general categories discussed are: design of the overall vaccine, discovery of new lead and candidate antigens, production and mode of administration for human use. DNLM: Vaccines.

Table of Contents

Preface	xi
New Technologies for Making Vaccines	1	(20)
Ronald W. Ellis
Introduction	1	(3)
Live Vaccines	4	(4)
Subunit/Inactivated Vaccines	8	(6)
DNA (Nucleic Acid) Vaccines	14	(1)
Formulation of Antigens	15	(1)
Conclusion	16	(5)
Clinical Issues for New Technologies	21	(12)
Luc Hessel
Introduction	21	(1)
Definition of the Medical Needs	22	(1)
Moving from Preclincal to Clinical Development	22	(1)
Demonstration of the Proof-of-Principle	23	(1)
Design and Implementation of a Clinical Development Plan	23	(4)
Continuous Assessment of Safety and Efficacy	27	(1)
Specific Issues	28	(2)
Conclusion	30	(3)
Regulatory Issues	33	(11)
Marion F. Gruber
Paul G. Richman
Julianne C. M. Clifford
Introduction	33	(1)
Federal Regulations Pertaining to Vaccines	33	(2)
Premarketing Phase	35	(6)
Postmarketing Phase	41	(3)
In-Licensing Issues and Vaccine Technologies	44	(7)
Dale R. Spriggs
Introduction	44	(1)
Why Do Companies In-License?	44	(2)
How Do Companies Evaluate Licensing Opportunities?	46	(2)
How Can an Inventor Make the Technology More Attractive?	48	(1)
Framework of a Licensing Agreement	49	(1)
What Does the Future Hold?	50	(1)
CODA	50	(1)
Live Vaccines	51	(39)
Alan R. Shaw
Smallpox Vaccine	51	(1)
Japanese Encephalitis Vaccines	52	(1)
Yellow Fever Vaccines	53	(1)
Poliovirus Vaccines	54	(3)
Measles Vaccines	57	(2)
Rubella Vaccines	59	(2)
Mumps Vaccines	61	(3)
Trivalent Measles-Mumps-Rubella Vaccines	64	(3)
Quadrivalent Measles-Mumps-Rubella-Varicella Vaccines	67	(1)
Varicella Vaccines	67	(3)
Rotavirus Vaccines	70	(3)
Live Attenuated Influenza Vaccines	73	(17)
Recombinant Live Attenuated Viral Vaccines	90	(11)
Richard R. Spaete
Advantages and Concerns Associated with the Use of Live Attenuated Vaccines	90	(1)
Vaccine Efforts for Herpesviruses	91	(6)
Prospects for the Future	97	(4)
Live Viral Vectors	101	(33)
Elizabeth B. Kauffman
Michel Bublot
Russell R. Getting
Keith J. Limbach
Steven E Pincus
Jill Taylor
DNA Viruses	102	(12)
RNA Viruses	114	(20)
Inactivated Virus Vaccines	134	(18)
Andrew D. Murdin
Benjamin Rovinski
Suryaprakash Sambhara
Introduction	134	(1)
Current Inactivated Virus Vaccines	134	(3)
Issues Affecting the Use of Inactivated Virus Vaccines	137	(9)
Conclusion	146	(6)
Live Attenuated Bacterial Vaccines	152	(20)
Kevin P. Killeen
Victor J DiRita
Introduction	152	(1)
Types of Vaccines	152	(3)
Live Attenuated Bacterial Vaccines	155	(1)
Live Attenuated Mycobacterium Bovis (BCG Tuberculosis Vaccine)	155	(3)
Immune Correlates of Protection	158	(1)
Live Attenuated Salmonella typhi (Typhoid Fever Vaccines and Vaccine Candidates)	158	(3)
Live Attenuated Shigella Sp (Shigellosis Vaccine Candidates)	161	(3)
Live Virulence-Attenuated Vibrio cholerae (Cholera Vaccines)	164	(1)
Animal Model	165	(1)
Vaccine Efforts	165	(7)
Live Attenuated Bacterial Vectors	172	(14)
Sims K. Kochi
Kevin P. Killeen
Introduction	171	(1)
Salmonella Vectors	172	(3)
bacille Calmette-Guerin	175	(1)
Vibrio Vectors	176	(2)
Listerial Vectors	178	(1)
Next Generation Bacterial Vectors	179	(1)
DNA Delivery	180	(2)
Summary	182	(4)
Protein-Based Vaccines	186	(28)
Sheena M. Loosmore
Gavin R. Zealey
Raafat E.F. Fahim
Introduction	186	(1)
Pediatric Vaccines	186	(3)
Adult Vaccines	189	(5)
Vaccines Against Nosocomial Infections	194	(1)
Cancer Vaccines	194	(3)
Vaccines Against Autoimmune Diseases	197	(1)
Current Technologies	198	(1)
Emerging Technologies	199	(2)
Summary	201	(13)
Peptide Vaccines	214	(13)
Damu Yang
Gregory E. Holt
Michael P. Rudolf
Markwin P. Velders
Remco M. P. Brandt
Eugene D. Kwon
W. Martin Kast
Introduction	214	(1)
Molecular Basis for the Development of Peptide Vaccines	214	(1)
Advantages and Disadvantages of Peptide-Based Vaccines	215	(1)
Adjuvants and Delivery Systems	215	(1)
Design of Peptide Vaccines: Synthetic Peptides as B-Cell Vaccines	216	(1)
Peptide-Based T-Cell Vaccines. Identification of Peptide Epitopes Recognized by T Cells	217	(1)
Synthetic Peptides as T-Cell Vaccines	217	(1)
Recombinant Vaccines Expressing T-Cell Epitopes	218	(1)
Adoptive Cellular Therapy	219	(1)
Summary and Perspectives	220	(7)
Polysaccharide Vaccines	227	(13)
Stephen Freese
Polysaccharide Immunity	227	(1)
Issues in Designing a Conjugate	227	(2)
Issues in Making a Conjugate	229	(3)
Applications	232	(8)
DNA Vaccines	240	(23)
Daniel E. McCallus
Catherine J. Pachuk
Shaw-guang Lee
C. Satishchandran
Introduction	240	(1)
Gene Expression	241	(1)
Mechanisms of Immunostimulation	242	(3)
Routes of Administration	245	(3)
Intracellular Delivery of DNA Vaccines	248	(3)
Safety of Nucleic Acid Vaccines	251	(2)
Future Directions of DNA Vaccines	253	(3)
Summary	256	(7)
Plant-Derived Vaccines	263	(11)
Amanda M. Walmsely
Charles J. Arntzen
Introduction	263	(1)
Mucosal Vaccines	263	(1)
Production of Plant-Derived Vaccines	264	(1)
Plant-Derived Vaccines	265	(5)
Summary	270	(1)
Future Use of Plant-Delivered Vaccines	270	(4)
Biological Aspects and Prospects for Adjuvants and Delivery Systems	274	(18)
Bror Morein
Ke-Fei Hu
Introduction	274	(3)
Innate Immunity: The Gateway to an Acquired Immune Response	277	(3)
APCs Instruct the Acquired Immune System	280	(1)
Immune Modulation is Based on Cross-Talk Between Innate Immunity and Helper T Cells	281	(1)
The Collaboration Between the Complement System and B Cells: Roles for Adjuvants	282	(1)
Immune Modulation For CTL	283	(1)
Delivery Systems	284	(1)
Vaccines for Newborns and Elderly Require Suitable Strong Adjuvants	285	(1)
The Present Situation and Future Aspects of Adjuvants and Delivery Systems	286	(6)
Transcutaneous Immunization	292	(13)
Gregory M. Glenn
Introduction	292	(1)
Barriers and Targets for TCI	292	(2)
Adjuvants and TCI	294	(1)
Immune Responses to Transcutaneous Immunization	295	(1)
Mucosal Responses	296	(2)
Diversity of Antigens	298	(1)
Delivery Options Using Transcutaneous Immunization	299	(1)
Optimization for Enhancement of the Immune Response	299	(3)
Human Studies	302	(1)
Conclusions	302	(3)
Index	305