NMR and Chemistry: An introduction to modern NMR spectroscopy, Fourth Edition

by Akitt; J.W.

• ISBN13: 9780748743445
• ISBN10: 0748743448
• Edition: 4th
• Format: Nonspecific Binding
• Copyright: 2000-02-17
• Publisher: CRC Press

Summary

Keeping mathematics to a minimum, this book introduces nuclear properties, nuclear screening, chemical shift, spin-spin coupling, and relaxation. It is one of the few books that provides the student with the physical background to NMR spectroscopy from the point of view of the whole of the periodic table rather than concentrating on the narrow applications of 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy. Aids to structure determination, such as decoupling, the nuclear Overhauser effect, INEPT, DEPT, and special editing, and two dimensional NMR spectroscopy are discussed in detail with examples, including the complete assignment of the 1H and 13C NMR spectra of D-amygdain. The authors examine the requirements of a modern spectrometer and the effects of pulses and discuss the effects of dynamic processes as a function of temperature or pressure on NMR spectra. The book concludes with chapters on some of the applications of NMR spectroscopy to medical and non-medical imaging techniques and solid state chemistry of both I = F1/2 and I > F1/2 nuclei. Examples and problems, mainly from the recent inorganic/organometallic chemistry literature support the text throughout. Brief answers to all the problems are provided in the text with full answers at the end of the book.

Author Biography

Dr. James Wells Akitt was formerly Senior Research Officer at the University of Leeds, UK.

Table of Contents

Abbreviations	ix
Preface to the fourth edition	xv
The theory of nuclear magnetization	1	(16)
The properties of the nucleus of an atom	1	(4)
The nucleus in a magnetic field	5	(1)
The source of the NMR signal	6	(6)
A basic NMR spectrometer	12	(2)
Questions	14	(3)
The magnetic field at the nucleus: nuclear screening and the chemical shift	17	(28)
Effects due to the molecule	17	(7)
Isotope effects	24	(3)
Effects due to unpaired electrons	27	(5)
The chemical shift	32	(4)
Notes on sample preparation, standardization and solvent and temperature effects	36	(7)
Questions	43	(2)
Internuclear spin--spin coupling	45	(56)
The mutual effects of nuclear magnets on resonance positions	45	(2)
The appearance of multiplets arising from spin--spin coupling	47	(14)
Spin--spin coupling satellites	61	(4)
The description of spin systems	65	(4)
Second-order effects	69	(17)
Questions	86	(15)
Nuclear magnetic relaxation	101	(28)
Relaxation processes in assemblies of nuclear spins	101	(3)
Dipole--dipole relaxation	104	(5)
Quadrupolar relaxation	109	(8)
Spin rotation relaxation: detailed molecular motion	117	(3)
Chemical shift anisotropy relaxation	120	(1)
Scalar relaxation	121	(3)
Examples of 13C relaxation times	124	(2)
Questions	126	(3)
The spectrometer	129	(38)
The magnet and field homogeneity	130	(4)
The probe	134	(1)
Field-frequency lock	135	(2)
The transmitter	137	(2)
The detection system	139	(8)
Production of the spectrum	147	(9)
Rapid multiple pulsing	156	(2)
Manipulation of collected data	158	(8)
Questions	166	(1)
Making the spins dance	167	(22)
Decoupling	167	(13)
Composite pulses	180	(2)
Refocusing pulse	182	(6)
Questions	188	(1)
NMR spectra of exchanging and reacting systems	189	(44)
Systems at equilibrium	189	(35)
Reaction monitoring of systems not at equilibrium	224	(6)
Questions	230	(3)
Multiple resonance and one-dimensional pulse sequences	233	(40)
Decoupling difference spectroscopy	234	(3)
The nuclear Overhauser effect	237	(16)
One-dimensional multipulse sequences	253	(14)
Exercises in spectral interpretation	267	(6)
Two-dimensional NMR spectroscopy	273	(62)
J-resolved two-dimensional NMR spectroscopy	278	(4)
Homonuclear COSY NMR spectroscopy	282	(8)
Heteronuclear COSY NMR spectroscopy	290	(4)
HOHAHA or TOCSY	294	(2)
Two-dimensional Inadequate	296	(1)
Overhauser and magnetization transfer based two-dimensional NMR spectroscopy	296	(8)
Inverse detection	304	(8)
Three-dimensional NMR spectroscopy	312	(1)
Questions	312	(23)
Magnetic resonance imaging and biomedical NMR	335	(20)
Producing an image	335	(2)
Whole body imaging	337	(4)
Diffusion and flow	341	(1)
Chemical shift imaging	342	(4)
Biological uses of imaging -- imaging microscopy	346	(2)
Industrial uses of imaging techniques	348	(2)
Biomedical NMR	350	(5)
High-resolution solid-state NMR	355	(30)
Magic angle spinning	357	(2)
Spin-1/2 nuclei with low magnetogyric ratios	359	(6)
I = 1/2 nuclei with high magnetogyric ratios	365	(3)
MAS of quadrupolar nuclei	368	(8)
Some applications	376	(5)
Deuterium, an integral-spin nucleus	381	(2)
Questions	383	(2)
Bibliography	385	(6)
Answers to Questions	391	(6)
Index	397