NMS Biochemistry

by Davidson, Victor L.; Sittman, Donald B.

• ISBN13: 9780683305036
• ISBN10: 0683305034
• Edition: 4th
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 1999-04-26
• Publisher: LWW

Summary

NMS Biochemistry, Fourth Edition, is designed to help medical students successfully complete a course in biochemistry and prepare for USMLE Step 1. This new edition has been significantly updated, and extensively rewritten to emphasize medical relevance.

Table of Contents

Preface	xi
Acknowledgments	xiii
Section I Structure and Function of the Major Cell Components
Water, Acid--Base Equilibria, and Blood pH	1	(10)
Water	1	(1)
Acid--base equilibrium	2	(3)
Regulation of blood pH	5	(6)
Amino Acid and Protein Structure	11	(18)
Nature of proteins	11	(1)
Amino acids	12	(3)
Peptides and polypeptides	15	(1)
Conformation of proteins	16	(3)
Purification of proteins	19	(10)
Protein Structure--Function Relationships	29	(30)
Introduction	29	(1)
Oxygen transport proteins	29	(9)
Albumin	38	(1)
Humoral immunity	39	(3)
Collagen	42	(6)
Muscle contraction	48	(11)
Enzymes	59	(18)
General characteristics of enzymes	59	(1)
Mechanism of enzyme catalysis	60	(1)
Enzyme kinetics	61	(2)
Enzyme inhibition	63	(2)
Regulation of enzymes	65	(1)
Enzymes in clinical diagnosis	66	(1)
Blood clotting	67	(3)
Regulation of clotting	70	(1)
Drugs that affect clotting	71	(6)
Carbohydrate Function and Structure	77	(12)
Carbohydrate functions	77	(1)
Carbohydrate classification and nomenclature	77	(1)
Structures	78	(1)
Glycosidic linkages	79	(2)
Carbohydrate derivatives	81	(1)
Glycoproteins	81	(2)
Blood group antigens	83	(6)
Nucleic Acids	89	(16)
Nucleic acids are polymers of nucleotides	89	(2)
DNA secondary structure	91	(5)
Higher order (tertiary) structure of DNA	96	(2)
RNA structure	98	(7)
Lipids and Related Compounds	105	(14)
Nature of lipids	105	(1)
Fatty acids	105	(2)
Phospholipids	107	(1)
Sphingolipids	108	(1)
Eicosanoids	109	(3)
Steroids	112	(2)
Plasma lipoproteins	114	(5)
Section II Storage and Expression of Genetic Information
DNA Replication and Repair	119	(26)
The structure of DNA reveals a mechanism for its replication	119	(1)
Prokaryotic replication	119	(7)
Eukaryotic replication	126	(4)
Drugs that affect replication	130	(2)
Mutations	132	(2)
DNA repair	134	(11)
RNA Synthesis and Processing	145	(20)
Major classes of ribonucleic acid (RNA)	145	(2)
Transcription	147	(7)
Post-transcriptional RNA processing	154	(11)
Translation of mRNA: Protein Synthesis	165	(20)
Introduction	165	(1)
Activation of amino acids: formation of aminoacyl-transfer RNAs (tRNAs)	166	(1)
Codon--anticodon recognition	167	(2)
Structure of ribosomes	169	(1)
Protein synthesis in prokaryotes	170	(5)
Protein synthesis in eukaryotes	175	(2)
Protein synthesis on the endoplasmic reticulum	177	(1)
Drugs and inhibitors of protein synthesis in eukaryotes	178	(7)
Recombinant DNA	185	(22)
Introduction	185	(1)
Tools of recombinant DNA	185	(2)
Cloning	187	(8)
Major analytic techniques	195	(12)
Regulation of Gene Expression	207	(28)
Prokaryotes: the operon model for the regulation of gene expression	207	(3)
General control of operons	210	(2)
Control by attenuation	212	(3)
Introduction to regulation of gene expression in eukaryotes	215	(1)
Transcriptional regulation	215	(3)
Post-transcriptional regulation	218	(3)
Translational regulation	221	(1)
Alterations in gene content or position	222	(13)
Section III Metabolism
Introduction to Metabolism	235	(12)
Metabolism	235	(1)
Compartmentalization of metabolic pathways in cells	235	(3)
Bioenergetics	238	(1)
High-energy phosphate compounds	239	(1)
Oxidation--reduction reactions	240	(2)
Monitoring metabolic events in tissues	242	(5)
Vitamins and Minerals	247	(12)
Overview	247	(1)
Water-soluble vitamins	248	(4)
Fat-soluble vitamins	252	(2)
Minerals	254	(5)
Mechanisms of Hormone Action	259	(14)
Overview	259	(1)
Hydrophilic hormones	260	(5)
Lipophilic hormones	265	(8)
Glycolysis	273	(14)
Overview of glycolysis	273	(1)
Carbohydrate digestion	273	(2)
Embden-Meyerhof pathway (glycolysis)	275	(3)
ATP production	278	(2)
Disorders associated with impaired glycolysis	280	(1)
Fates of pyruvate	280	(1)
Lactic acidosis	281	(6)
Alternative Pathways of Carbohydrate Metabolism	287	(14)
Pentose phosphate pathway (hexose monophosphate shunt)	287	(2)
Uronic acid pathway (glucuronic acid cycle)	289	(1)
Metabolism of fructose	289	(3)
Metabolism of galactose	292	(1)
Sorbitol metabolism in diabetes	293	(1)
Formation of amino sugars	293	(1)
Ethanol metabolism	293	(8)
Pyruvate Dehydrogenase and Citric Acid Cycle	301	(10)
The pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) enzyme complex	301	(2)
Overview of the citric acid cycle	303	(1)
Reactions of the citric acid cycle	304	(2)
Anaplerotic reactions	306	(5)
Mitochondrial Electron Transport and Oxidative Phosphorylation	311	(12)
The electron transport (respiratory) chain	311	(3)
Oxidative phosphorylation	314	(2)
Coupling of phosphorylation to respiration	316	(1)
Disorders of mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation	316	(1)
Superoxide metabolism	317	(6)
Gluconeogenesis	323	(10)
Overview of gluconeogenesis	323	(1)
Substrates for gluconeogenesis	323	(2)
Reactions of gluconeogenesis	325	(2)
Diseases associated with defects of gluconeogenesis	327	(1)
Control of gluconeogenesis	328	(5)
Glycogen Metabolism	333	(10)
Glycogen	333	(1)
Glycogenesis	333	(2)
Glycogenolysis	335	(1)
Phosphorylation cascades	335	(2)
Regulation of glycogen metabolism	337	(1)
Glycogen storage diseases	337	(6)
Fatty Acid Metabolism	343	(14)
Biosynthesis of fatty acids	343	(3)
Fatty acid oxidation	346	(3)
Triacylglycerols (triglycerides)	349	(2)
Ketone body metabolism	351	(6)
Metabolism of Lipids and Related Compounds	357	(16)
Metabolism of phosphoglycerides	357	(2)
Metabolism of sphingolipids	359	(1)
Metabolism of eicosanoids	360	(1)
Steroid metabolism	361	(4)
Lipoprotein metabolism	365	(8)
Amino Acid Degradation	373	(16)
Proteolysis	373	(2)
Amino acid pool	375	(1)
Metabolic flow of amino acid nitrogen	376	(3)
Classification of amino acids	379	(1)
Fate of carbon skeletons	379	(5)
Inherited disorders of amino acid catabolism	384	(5)
Biosynthesis of Amino Acids and Amino Acid--Derived Compounds	389	(14)
Biosynthesis of amino acids	389	(1)
Amino acids as major inputs to the one-carbon pool	390	(2)
Tyrosine-derived biologically important compounds	392	(2)
Tryptophan-derived biologically important compounds	394	(1)
Glutathione	395	(1)
Biosynthesis of other amino acid--derived compounds	395	(1)
Heme metabolism	396	(7)
Nucleotide Metabolism	403	(22)
Synthesis of purine and pyrimidine nucleotides	403	(7)
Deoxyribonucleotides	410	(1)
Degradation of purine and pyrimidine nucleotides	411	(2)
Biosynthesis of nucleotide coenzymes	413	(2)
Inhibitors of purine and pyrimidine metabolism	415	(3)
Diseases associated with defects of nucleotide metabolism	418	(7)
Integration of Metabolism	425	(12)
Metabolic fuels	425	(1)
Use of metabolic fuels	425	(3)
The flow of key metabolic intermediates between different pathways	428	(1)
Metabolism of specialized tissues	428	(3)
Adaptations during starvation	431	(1)
Diabetes mellitus	431	(6)
Comprehensive Exam	437	(28)
Index	465