Nonlinear Fiber Optics

by Agrawal, Govind P.

• ISBN13: 9780120451401
• ISBN10: 0120451409
• Format: Hardcover
• Publisher: Academic Pr

Summary

The field of nonlinear fiber optics has grown substantially since the First Edition of Nonlinear Fiber Optics, published in 1989. Like the First Edition, this Second Edition is a comprehensive, tutorial, & up-to-date account of nonlinear optical phenomena in fiber optics. It synthesizes widely scattered research material & presents it in an accessible manner for students & researchers already engaged in or wishing to enter the field of nonlinear fiber optics. Particular attention is paid to the importance of nonlinear effects in the design of optical fiber communication systems. This is a completely new book containing either new sections or major revisions in every chapter.

Table of Contents

Preface	p. xv
Introduction	p. 1
Historical Perspective	p. 1
Fiber Characteristics	p. 3
Material and Fabrication	p. 4
Fiber Losses	p. 5
Chromatic Dispersion	p. 7
Polarization-Mode Dispersion	p. 13
Fiber Nonlinearities	p. 17
Nonlinear Refraction	p. 17
Stimulated Inelastic Scattering	p. 19
Importance of Nonlinear Effects	p. 20
Overview	p. 22
Problems	p. 25
References	p. 25
Pulse Propagation in Fibers	p. 31
Maxwell's Equations	p. 31
Fiber Modes	p. 34
Eigenvalue Equation	p. 34
Single-Mode Condition	p. 36
Characteristics of the Fundamental Mode	p. 37
Pulse-Propagation Equation	p. 39
Nonlinear Pulse Propagation	p. 39
Higher-Order Nonlinear Effects	p. 45
Numerical Methods	p. 51
Split-Step Fourier Method	p. 51
Finite-Difference Methods	p. 55
Problems	p. 57
References	p. 58
Group-Velocity Dispersion	p. 63
Different Propagation Regimes	p. 63
Dispersion-Induced Pulse Broadening	p. 66
Gaussian Pulses	p. 67
Chirped Gaussian Pulses	p. 69
Hyperbolic-Secant Pulses	p. 71
Super-Gaussian Pulses	p. 72
Experimental Results	p. 75
Third-Order Dispersion	p. 76
Changes in Pulse Shape	p. 77
Broadening Factor	p. 79
Arbitrary-Shape Pulses	p. 82
Ultrashort-Pulse Measurements	p. 85
Dispersion Management	p. 86
GVD-Induced Limitations	p. 86
Dispersion Compensation	p. 88
Compensation of Third-Order Dispersion	p. 90
Problems	p. 93
References	p. 94
Self-Phase Modulation	p. 97
SPM-Induced Spectral Broadening	p. 97
Nonlinear Phase Shift	p. 98
Changes in Pulse Spectra	p. 100
Effect of Pulse Shape and Initial Chirp	p. 104
Effect of Partial Coherence	p. 106
Effect of Group-Velocity Dispersion	p. 109
Pulse Evolution	p. 109
Broadening Factor	p. 113
Optical Wave Breaking	p. 115
Experimental Results	p. 118
Effect of Third-Order Dispersion	p. 120
Higher-Order Nonlinear Effects	p. 122
Self-Steepening	p. 123
Effect of GVD on Optical Shocks	p. 126
Intrapulse Raman Scattering	p. 128
Problems	p. 130
References	p. 130
Optical Solitons	p. 135
Modulation Instability	p. 136
Linear Stability Analysis	p. 136
Gain Spectrum	p. 138
Experimental Observation	p. 140
Ultrashort Pulse Generation	p. 142
Impact on Lightwave Systems	p. 144
Fiber Solitons	p. 146
Inverse Scattering Method	p. 147
Fundamental Soliton	p. 149
Higher-Order Solitons	p. 152
Experimental Confirmation	p. 154
Soliton Stability	p. 156
Other Types of Solitons	p. 159
Dark Solitons	p. 159
Dispersion-Managed Solitons	p. 164
Bistable Solitons	p. 165
Perturbation of Solitons	p. 166
Perturbation Methods	p. 167
Fiber Losses	p. 169
Soliton Amplification	p. 171
Soliton Interaction	p. 176
Higher-Order Effects	p. 180
Third-Order Dispersion	p. 181
Self-Steepening	p. 183
Intrapulse Raman Scattering	p. 186
Propagation of Femtosecond Pulses	p. 190
Problems	p. 192
References	p. 193
Polarization Effects	p. 203
Nonlinear Birefringence	p. 204
Origin of Nonlinear Birefringence	p. 204
Coupled-Mode Equations	p. 206
Elliptically Birefringent Fibers	p. 208
Nonlinear Phase Shift	p. 210
Nondispersive XPM	p. 210
Optical Kerr Effect	p. 211
Pulse Shaping	p. 216
Evolution of Polarization State	p. 218
Analytic Solution	p. 219
Poincare-Sphere Representation	p. 221
Polarization Instability	p. 224
Polarization Chaos	p. 227
Vector Modulation Instability	p. 228
Low-Birefringence Fibers	p. 229
High-Birefringence Fibers	p. 231
Isotropic Fibers	p. 234
Experimental Results	p. 235
Birefringence and Solitons	p. 238
Low-Birefringence Fibers	p. 239
High-Birefringence Fibers	p. 240
Soliton-Dragging Logic Gates	p. 243
Vector Solitons	p. 244
Random Birefringence	p. 246
Polarization-Mode Dispersion	p. 246
Polarization State of Solitons	p. 248
Problems	p. 252
References	p. 253
Cross-Phase Modulation	p. 260
XPM-Induced Nonlinear Coupling	p. 261
Nonlinear Refractive Index	p. 261
Coupled NLS Equations	p. 263
Propagation in Birefringent Fibers	p. 264
XPM-Induced Modulation Instability	p. 265
Linear Stability Analysis	p. 265
Experimental Results	p. 268
XPM-Paired Solitons	p. 270
Bright-Dark Soliton Pair	p. 270
Bright-Gray Soliton Pair	p. 272
Other Soliton Pairs	p. 272
Spectral and Temporal Effects	p. 274
Asymmetric Spectral Broadening	p. 275
Asymmetric Temporal Changes	p. 281
Higher-Order Nonlinear Effects	p. 284
Applications of XPM	p. 286
XPM-Induced Pulse Compression	p. 286
XPM-Induced Optical Switching	p. 289
XPM-Induced Nonreciprocity	p. 290
Problems	p. 293
References	p. 294
Stimulated Raman Scattering	p. 298
Basic Concepts	p. 298
Raman-Gain Spectrum	p. 299
Raman Threshold	p. 300
Coupled Amplitude Equations	p. 304
Quasi-Continuous SRS	p. 306
Single-Pass Raman Generation	p. 306
Raman Fiber Lasers	p. 309
Raman Fiber Amplifiers	p. 312
Raman-Induced Crosstalk	p. 318
SRS with Short Pump Pulses	p. 320
Pulse-Propagation Equations	p. 320
Nondispersive Case	p. 321
Effects of GVD	p. 324
Experimental Results	p. 327
Synchronously Pumped Raman Lasers	p. 332
Soliton Effects	p. 333
Raman Solitons	p. 334
Raman Soliton Lasers	p. 339
Soliton-Effect Pulse Compression	p. 341
Effect of Four-Wave Mixing	p. 343
Problems	p. 345
References	p. 346
Stimulated Brillouin Scattering	p. 355
Basic Concepts	p. 355
Physical Process	p. 356
Brillouin-Gain Spectrum	p. 357
Quasi-CW SBS	p. 359
Coupled Intensity Equations	p. 360
Brillouin Threshold	p. 360
Gain Saturation	p. 362
Experimental Results	p. 364
Dynamic Aspects	p. 367
Coupled Amplitude Equations	p. 367
Relaxation Oscillations	p. 368
Modulation Instability and Chaos	p. 371
Transient Regime	p. 373
Brillouin Fiber Lasers	p. 375
CW Operation	p. 375
Pulsed Operation	p. 377
SBS Applications	p. 380
Brillouin Fiber Amplifiers	p. 380
Fiber Sensors	p. 383
Problems	p. 383
References	p. 384
Parametric Processes	p. 389
Origin of Four-Wave Mixing	p. 389
Theory of Four-Wave Mixing	p. 392
Coupled Amplitude Equations	p. 392
Approximate Solution	p. 394
Effect of Phase Matching	p. 396
Ultrafast FWM	p. 397
Phase-Matching Techniques	p. 399
Physical Mechanisms	p. 399
Phase Matching in Multimode Fibers	p. 400
Phase Matching in Single-Mode Fibers	p. 404
Phase Matching in Birefringent Fibers	p. 408
Parametric Amplification	p. 412
Gain and Bandwidth	p. 412
Pump Depletion	p. 414
Parametric Amplifiers	p. 416
Parametric Oscillators	p. 417
FWM Applications	p. 418
Wavelength Conversion	p. 419
Phase Conjugation	p. 420
Squeezing	p. 422
Supercontinuum Generation	p. 424
Second-Harmonic Generation	p. 427
Experimental Results	p. 427
Physical Mechanism	p. 429
Simple Theory	p. 431
Quasi-Phase-Matching Technique	p. 434
Problems	p. 436
References	p. 437
Decibel Units	p. 445
Nonlinear Refractive Index	p. 447
Acronyms	p. 454
Index	p. 457
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