Nonverbal Communication in Human Interaction (with InfoTrac)

by Knapp, Mark L.; Hall, Judith A.

• ISBN13: 9780534625634
• ISBN10: 0534625630
• Edition: 6th
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2005-03-08
• Publisher: Wadsworth Publishing

Summary

The most comprehensive, most readable compendium of research and theory on nonverbal communication available, NONVERBAL COMMUNICATION IN HUMAN INTERACTION (WITH INFOTRAC) uses the cross-disciplinary approaches of speech and social psychology to focus on how nonverbal communication research affects a wide variety of academic interests. Your purchase includes access to InfoTrac College Edition, an online university library of full length articles from academic journals, magazines and newspapers.

Table of Contents

Preface	xi
Part One An Introduction to the Study of Nonverbal Communication	1	(100)
Nonverbal Communication: Basic Perspectives	3	(28)
Perspective 1: Defining Nonverbal Communication	5	(2)
Encoding	5	(1)
Decoding	6	(1)
Perspective 2: Classifying Nonverbal Behavior	7	(3)
The Communication Environment	7	(1)
The Communicators' Physical Characteristics	8	(1)
Body Movement and Position	8	(2)
Perspective 3: Nonverbal Communication in the Total Communication Process	10	(8)
Repeating	12	(1)
Conflicting	12	(3)
Complementing	15	(1)
Substituting	16	(1)
Accenting/Moderating	16	(1)
Regulating	16	(2)
Perspective 4: The History of Nonverbal Studies	18	(3)
Perspective 5: Nonverbal Communication in Everyday Life	21	(2)
Summary	23	(8)
The Roots of Nonverbal Behavior	31	(32)
The Development of Nonverbal Behavior Across Evolutionary Time	33	(24)
Evidence From Sensory Deprivation	34	(3)
Evidence From Infants	37	(4)
Evidence From Twin Studies	41	(4)
Evidence From Nonhuman Primates	45	(8)
Evidence From Multicultural Studies	53	(4)
Summary	57	(6)
The Ability to Receive and Send Nonverbal Signals	63	(38)
Methods for Improving Nonverbal Skills	65	(3)
Measuring Accuracy of Decoding and Encoding Nonverbal Cues	68	(6)
Standardized Tests of Decoding Ability	70	(4)
Characteristics of Skilled Nonverbal Receivers	74	(7)
Self-Appraisals and Explicit Knowledge of Nonverbal Cues	75	(1)
Gender	75	(1)
Age	76	(1)
General Cognitive Ability	77	(1)
Other Personal Correlates	77	(4)
Task Factors Affecting Nonverbal Receiving Accuracy	81	(1)
Characteristics of Accurate Nonverbal Senders	81	(5)
Putting Decoding and Encoding Together	84	(2)
On Being an Observer of Nonverbal Communication	86	(4)
The Fallibility of Human Perception	87	(3)
Summary	90	(11)
Part Two The Communication Environment	101	(70)
The Effects of the Environment on Human Communication	103	(35)
Perceptions of Our Surroundings	105	(3)
Perceptions of Formality	105	(1)
Perceptions of Warmth	106	(1)
Perceptions of Privacy	106	(1)
Perceptions of Familiarity	106	(1)
Perceptions of Constraint	107	(1)
Perceptions of Distance	107	(1)
Reacting to Environments	107	(1)
Perceptions of Time	108	(2)
Time as Location	109	(1)
Time as Duration	109	(1)
Time as Intervals	109	(1)
Time as Patterns of Intervals	110	(1)
The Natural Environment	110	(3)
Other People in the Environment	113	(1)
Architectural Design and Movable Objects	114	(14)
Color	117	(2)
Sound	119	(1)
Lighting	120	(1)
Movable Objects	120	(4)
Structure and Design	124	(4)
Regulating Environments and Communication	128	(1)
Summary	129	(9)
The Effects of Territory and Personal Space on Human Communication	138	(33)
The Concept of Territoriality	138	(1)
Territoriality: Invasion and Defense	139	(4)
Density and Crowding	143	(4)
The Effects of High Density on Human Beings	145	(1)
Coping with High Density	146	(1)
Conversational Distance	147	(8)
Sex	149	(1)
Age	150	(1)
Cultural and Ethnic Background	151	(1)
Topic or Subject Matter	152	(1)
Setting for the Interaction	153	(1)
Physical Characteristics	153	(1)
Attitudinal and Emotional Orientation	153	(1)
Characteristics of the Interpersonal Relationship	154	(1)
Personality Characteristics	154	(1)
Seating Behavior and Spatial Arrangements in Small Groups	155	(6)
Leadership	155	(1)
Dominance	156	(1)
Task	157	(1)
Sex and Acquaintance	158	(2)
Introversion--Extraversion	160	(1)
Summary	161	(10)
Part Three The Communicators	171	(52)
The Effects of Physical Characteristics on Human Communication	173	(50)
Our Body: Its General Attractiveness	174	(7)
Dating and Marriage	175	(3)
On the Job	178	(1)
Persuading Others	179	(1)
Self-Esteem	180	(1)
Antisocial Behavior	180	(1)
The Power of Physical Attractiveness: Some Important Qualifications	181	(2)
The Effects of Interaction	181	(1)
The Effects of Other Factors	182	(1)
Charging Standards Over Time	183	(1)
Our Body: Its Specific Features	183	(19)
The Face	183	(4)
Body Shape	187	(5)
Height	192	(2)
Body Image	194	(1)
Body Color	195	(1)
Body Smell	196	(2)
Body Hair	198	(4)
Our Body: Clothes And Other Artifacts	202	(7)
Clothing and Communication	203	(1)
Functions of Clothing	204	(1)
Clothing as Information About the Person	205	(1)
Effects of Clothing on the Wearer	206	(1)
Clothing and Personality	207	(1)
Artifacts and Body Decorations	208	(1)
Summary	209	(14)
Part Four The Communicators' Behavior	223	(186)
The Effects of Gesture and Posture on Human Communication	225	(39)
Speech-Independent Gestures	226	(10)
Speech-Related Gestures	236	(5)
Referent-Related Gestures	237	(1)
Speaker's-Relationship-to-the-Referent Gestures	237	(1)
Punctuation Gestures	238	(1)
Interactive Gestures	239	(2)
Gesture Frequency	241	(2)
The Coordination of Gesture, Posture, and Speech	243	(10)
Self-Synchrony	244	(2)
Interaction Synchrony	246	(7)
Summary	253	(11)
The Effects of Touch on Human Communication	264	(31)
Touching and Human Development	265	(2)
Who Touches Whom, Where, When, and How Much?	267	(3)
Different Types of Touching Behavior	270	(4)
The Meanings and Impact of Interpersonal Touch	274	(7)
Touch as Positive Affect	274	(1)
Touch as Negative Affect	275	(1)
Touch as Play	275	(1)
Touch as Influence	275	(1)
Touch as Interaction Management	276	(1)
Touch as Physiological Stimulus	276	(1)
Touch as Interpersonal Responsiveness	276	(1)
Touch as Task Related	277	(1)
Touch as Healing	277	(1)
Touch as Symbolism	278	(3)
Contextual Factors in the Meaning of Interpersonal Touch	281	(1)
Touch---A Powerful Unconscious Force in Interaction	282	(2)
Self-Touching	284	(3)
Summary	287	(8)
The Effects of the Face on Human Communication	295	(43)
The Face and Personality Judgments	295	(1)
The Face and Interaction Management	296	(2)
Channel Control	297	(1)
Complementing or Qualifying Other Behavior	297	(1)
Replacing Spoken Messages	297	(1)
The Face and Expressions of Emotion	298	(23)
The Face---a Complex Stimulus	299	(4)
The Facial Emotion Controversy	303	(2)
Measuring the Face	305	(7)
Judging Facial Expressions of Emotion	312	(3)
Emotions Inferred from the Face	315	(6)
Physiology and the Face	321	(4)
The Social Impact of Facial Expressions	325	(3)
Summary	328	(10)
The Effects of Eye Behavior on Human Communication	338	(32)
Gaze and Mutua Gaze	340	(1)
Functions of Gazing	341	(8)
Regulating the Flow of Communication	342	(1)
Monitoring Feedback	343	(1)
Reflecting Cognitive Activity	343	(1)
Expressing Emotions	344	(5)
Communicating the Nature of the Interpersonal Relationship	349	(3)
Conditions Influencing Gazing Patterns	352	(6)
Distance	352	(1)
Physical Characteristics	352	(1)
Personal and Personality Characteristics	352	(3)
Topics and Tasks	355	(2)
Cultural Background and Racial Attitudes	357	(1)
Pupil Dilation and Constriction	358	(3)
Summary	361	(9)
The Effects of Vocal Cues that Accompany Spoken Words	370	(39)
The Ingredients and Methods of Studying Paralanguage	372	(3)
Vocal Cues and Speaker Recognition	375	(2)
Vocal Cues and Personality	377	(3)
Vocal Cues and Group Perceptions	380	(1)
Vocal Cues and Judgments of Sociodemographic Characteristics	381	(3)
Sex	381	(1)
Age	382	(1)
Social Class/Status	382	(1)
Target Effects	383	(1)
Vocal Cues and Emotion	384	(5)
Vocal Cues, Comprehension, and Persuasion	389	(2)
Vocal Cues, Comprehension, and Retention	389	(1)
Vocal Cues and Persuasion	390	(1)
Vocal Cues and Turn Taking in Conversations	391	(2)
Turn Yielding	392	(1)
Turn Requesting	392	(1)
Turn Maintaining	392	(1)
Turn Denying	393	(1)
Hesitations, Pauses, Silence, and Speech	393	(5)
Location or Placement of Pauses	393	(1)
Types of Pauses	394	(1)
Reasons Why Pauses Occur	395	(1)
Influence and Coordination within the Dyad	395	(2)
Silence	397	(1)
Summary	398	(11)
Part Five Communicating Important Messages	409	(67)
Using Nonverbal Behavior in Daily Interaction	411	(41)
Communicating Intimacy	412	(7)
Courtship Behavior	412	(2)
Quasi-Courtship Behavior	414	(1)
Liking Behavior (Immediacy)	414	(3)
Being Close in Close Relationships	417	(1)
Mutual Influence	418	(1)
Communicating Dominance/Status	419	(4)
Managing the Interaction	423	(5)
Greeting Behavior	423	(1)
Turn-Taking Behavior	424	(3)
Leave-Taking Behavior	427	(1)
Communicating Our Identity	428	(8)
Personal Identity	429	(2)
Social Identity	431	(5)
Deceiving Others	436	(3)
A Perspective for Communicators	439	(1)
Summary	439	(13)
Nonverbal Messages in Special Contexts	452	(24)
Advertising Messages	453	(3)
Political Messages	456	(4)
Teacher-Student Messages	460	(2)
Cultural Messages	462	(3)
High-Contact versus Low-Contact Cultures	462	(1)
Individualism versus Collectivism	463	(1)
High-Context versus Low-Context Cultures	464	(1)
Similarities Across Cultures	464	(1)
Therapeutic Settings	465	(3)
Summary	468	(8)
Photo Credits	476	(1)
Author Index	477	(7)
Subject Index	484