Nonverbal Communication Studies and Applications

by Hickson, Mark; Stacks, Don W.; Moore, Nina-Jo

• ISBN13: 9780195329889
• ISBN10: 0195329880
• Edition: 4th
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2003-07-01
• Publisher: Oxford University Press

Summary

The new edition of Nonverbal Communication, Fourth Edition, features: * A greatly enhanced applications orientation: The text now integrates applications throughout each chapter. "Observational Studies" provide opportunities for students to either work with or experiment with each theory discussed, and "Questions to Ponder" at the end of each chapter give studentsfurther experience applying what they have learned. Expanded individual applications of contemporary and historical research findings are also included. This approach eases instruction as students learn to gauge how much they really know about nonverbal communication--and how to apply it toreal-world situations. * A More Conversational Writing Style: This edition is written as if the authors were carrying on a conversation with their readers. There are more examples and fewer studies cited than in earlier editions. * Controversial Issues of the Day including tattooing, body piercing, plastic surgery, and botox are covered. * New Coverage on Gender and Intercultural Issues is integrated throughout the text. * Glossary of Terms: The new edition features this helpful reference for students. * Expanded Coverage of Contextual Applications including work, family, and social contexts. * More Extensive Media Applications: There is new material on advertising, public relations, broadcasting, journalism, and impression management. Nonverbal Communication: Studies and Applications offers complete coverage of the field's basic subcodes: Haptics (touch); Proxemics (space); Physical appearance; Kinesics (human body movement); Oculesics (face and eye); Vocalics (paralanguage); Olfactics (scent and smell); and Chronemics (timeusage). An ever-popular feature is the chapter on research methodology. Students will better understand what they are learning if they become aware of the processes that scholars follow in developing theories. The authors conclude with a chapter on the future of nonverbal communication--what we know aboutthe field, its practical implications, and where the discipline appears to be heading.

Table of Contents

Introduction

Foundations of Nonverbal Communication

Basic Definitions

Considerations for Definitions

Behavior Versus Communication: Intentionality: Sign Versus Symbol: Approaches to Nonverbal Communication

Theoretical Approaches: Disciplinary Approaches: Methodological Approaches: Nonverbal Functions and Subcodes

Touch and Space: Physical Appearance: Body Movements and Gestures: Vocalics: Covert Body/Temporal Communication

Nonverbal Functions: Nonverbal Communication and Perception

Process Structures: Age: Culture and Race: Status: Gender: Amount of Talk: Interruptions: Silence: Deference:

Methods of Nonverbal Communication Research

Nonverbal Research

Review of the Literature: Theoretical Perspective: Methodology: Data Collection: Data Analysis and Application: Limitations of Nonverbal Communication Research: An Example of Context

Studies and Subcodes

Haptics (Touch)

Animal Studies

Tactile Development and Humans

Types and Functions of Touch: Factors Influencing Touch: Immediacy: Area of Body Touch: Comfort Touch: Same-sex Touching: Gender Issues: Frequency of Contact: Violations of Haptic Expectations

Substitutes for ''Real Touch''Functional Approach to Touch

Proxemics: Personal Space

Proxemics

Personal Space

Classification Schemes: Definitions and Need

Definitions: Need for Space: Factors Influencing Distancing Expectation

Age Differences: Sex Differences: Cultural Differences: Racial Differences: Status, Personality, and Liking: Environmental Structuring: Violations of Personal Space

Other Violations: Functions of Personal Space

Proxemics: Territory and Environment

Territory

Animal Correlates to Territoriality: Human Correlates of Territoriality: Territorial Claims: Purposes of Territory: Environment

Room Color and Aesthetic Appreciation: Room Size and Shape: Temperature and Humidity: Environmental Structuring: Architecture

Functions of Territory and the Environment

Physical Appearance: Impressions of the BodyPhysical Attractiveness

Social Interaction: Sex Appeal: The Body

Body Shape: Body Image: Stigma: Functions

Body Alterations and Coverings

Body Alterations

Hair and Hairstyles: The Skin: Cosmetics and Colorings: Additions: Tattoos, Body Piercing, and Branding: Clothing

Purposes of Clothing: Functions of Clothing: Clothing and Success: Accessories: Functions

Kinesics: The Study of Human Body Movements

Principles

Categories in Kinesics

Birdwhistell''s Linguistic Analogy: Morris'' Derivation System: Mehrabian''s Functional Approach: Ekman and Friesen''s Cumulative Structure: Functions

A Practical Functional Approach to Kinesics

Variables That Influence Kinesics

Culture: Sex/Gender: Left- and Right-Handedness: Relationship With Language: Decoding: Functions

Identification and Self-Presentation: Control of the Interaction: Relationship of Interactants: Display of Cognitive Information: Display of Affective Informationb: Deception and Leakage:

Vocalics (Paralanguage)

Definitions

Sound and Its Attributes

Paravocal Communication

Vocalic Functions

The ''Normal Conversation'': Identification and Self-Presentation: Controlling Interaction: Regulating the Conversation: Relationship of Interactants: Display of Cognitive Information: Display of Affective Information: Deception: Other Encoding and Decoding Aspects of Vocalics:

The Covert Subcodes: Biofeedback, Olfaction, and Chronemics

Feedback Systems

Gustatory Systems: Biofeedback Systems: Mood and Emotion: Olfaction

What Is Olfaction?: Olfactory Processes: Olfactory Identification: Olfactory Influence: Olfactory Memory: Time (Chronemics)

The Structure of Time: Hall''s Time Categories: Bruneau''s Chronemic Structures: Culture and Time

Applications

Nonverbal Communication in Social Situations

Meeting Others

General Characteristics: Intimate Behavior: Environment, Proxemics, Chronemics: Cross-Sex Friendships: Same-Sex Friendships: Male-Male Nonverbal Communication: Female-Female Nonverbal Communication:

Nonverbal Communication in the Family

The Home

Spatiotemporal Dim

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