North America Temperate Deciduous Forest Responses to Changing Precipitation Regimes

by Hanson, Paul J.; Wullschleger, Stan D.; Elwood, Jerry W.

• ISBN13: 9780387003092
• ISBN10: 0387003096
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 2003-06-01
• Publisher: Springer Verlag

Summary

Large-scale experimentation allows scientists to test the specific responses of ecosystems to changing environmental conditions. Researchers at Oak Ridge National Laboratory together with other Federal and University scientists conducted a large-scale climatic change experiment at the Walker Branch Watershed in Tennessee, a model upland hardwood forest in North America. This volume synthesizes mechanisms of forest ecosystem response to changing hydrologic budgets associated with climatic change drivers. The authors explain the implications of changes at both the plant and stand levels, and they extrapolate the data to ecosystem-level responses, such as changes in nutrient cycling, biodiversity and carbon sequestration. In analyzing data, they also discuss similarities and differences with other temperate deciduous forests. Source data for the experiment has been archived by the authors in the U.S. Department of Energy's Carbon Dioxide Information and Analysis Center (CDIAC) for future analysis and modeling by independent investigators.

Table of Contents

Foreword	v
Jerry W. Elwood
Preface	vii
Acknowledgments	ix
Contributors	xvii
Section 1. Introduction
Introduction	3	(5)
Paul J. Hanson
Frederick M. O'Hara, Jr.
Walker Branch Throughfall Displacement Experiment	8	(27)
Paul J. Hanson
Michael A. Huston
Donald E. Todd
Section 2. Carbon-Cycle Processes
Deciduous Hardwood Photosynthesis: Species Differences, Temporal Patterns, and Responses to Soil-Water Deficits	35	(13)
Kell B. Wilson
Paul J. Hanson
Aboveground Autotrophic Respiration	48	(19)
Nelson T. Edwards
Paul J. Hanson
Dormant-Season Nonstructural Carbohydrate Storage	67	(20)
Timothy J. Tschaplinski
Paul J. Hanson
Section 3. Water-Cycle Processes
Sensitivity of Sapling and Mature-Tree Water Use to Altered Precipitation Regimes	87	(13)
Stan D. Wullschleger
Paul J. Hanson
Stomatal Behavior of Forest Trees in Relation to Hydraulic, Chemical, and Environmental Factors	100	(21)
Robert M. Auge
Leaf Water Potential, Osmotic Potential, and Solute Accumulation of Several Hardwood Species as Affected by Manipulation of Throughfall Precipitation in an Upland Quercus Forest	121	(19)
Timothy J. Tschaplinski
G. Michael Gebre
18O and 13C in Leaf Litter Versus Tree-Ring Cellulose as Proxy Isotopic Indicators of Climate Change	140	(23)
Lee W. Cooper
Corina Solis
Section 4. Decomposition and Soil Carbon Turnover
Soil Respiration and Litter Decomposition	163	(27)
Paul J. Hanson
Elizabeth G. O'Neill
M. Lala S. Chambers
Jeffery S. Riggs
J. Devereaux Joslin
Mark H. Wolfe
Soil Carbon Turnover	190	(20)
Julia B. Gaudinski
Susan E. Trumbore
Rates of Coarse-Wood Decomposition	210	(7)
Donald E. Todd
Paul J. Hanson
Section 5. Plant Growth and Mortality
Tree Seedling Recruitment in a Temperate Deciduous Forest: Interactive Effects of Soil Moisture, Light, and Slope Position	217	(10)
Jake F. Weltzin
Philip B. Allen
Response of Understory Tree Seedling Populations to Spatiotemporal Variation in Soil Moisture	227	(28)
Michael A. Huston
Milena Holmgren
Michelle B. Kreh
Tree and Sapling Growth and Mortality	255	(19)
Paul J. Hanson
Donald E. Todd
Darrell C. West
Nelson T. Edwards
M. Lynn Tharp
William A. Simpson, Jr.
Fine Root Growth Response	274	(29)
J. Devereux Joslin
Mark H. Wolfe
Canopy Production	303	(16)
Paul J. Hanson
Donald E. Todd
J. Devereux Joslin
Section 6. Response of Other Organisms
Foliar Chemistry and Herbivory	319	(18)
Donald J. Shure
Peter D. Mooreside
Rebekah E. Chapman
Allan D. Wilson
Opportunistically Pathogenic Root Rot Fungi: Armillaria Species	337	(10)
Johann N. Bruhn
Jeanne D. Mihail
The Influence of Precipitation Change on Spiders as Top Predators in the Detrital Community	347	(16)
Kenneth L. Cramer
Section 7. Forest Stand-Level Syntheses
Forest Water Use and the Influence of Precipitation Change	363	(15)
Stan D. Wullschleger
Paul J. Hanson
Donald E. Todd
Estimating the Net Primary and Net Ecosystem Production of a Southeastern Upland Quercus Forest from an 8-Year Biometric Record	378	(18)
Paul J. Hanson
Nelson T. Edwards
Timothy J. Tschaplinski
Stan D. Wullschleger
J. Devereux Joslin
Nutrient Availability and Cycling	396	(21)
Dale W. Johnson
Paul J. Hanson
Donald E. Todd
Section 8. Extrapolations
Long-Term Forest Dynamics and Tree Growth at the TDE Site on Walker Branch Watershed	417	(16)
Michael A. Huston
Donald E. Todd
D. Gregory Barlar
Simulated Patterns of Forest Succession and Productivity as a Consequence of Altered Precipitation	433	(14)
Stan D. Wullschleger
Carla A. Gunderson
M. Lynn Tharp
Darrell C. West
Wilfred M. Post
Regional Implications of the Throughfall Displacement Experiment on Forest Productivity	447	(14)
E. Raymond Hunt, Jr.
Appendix. List of Scientific and Common Species Names	461	(4)
Index	465