The Norton Introduction to Literature

by Beaty, Jerome; Hunter, J. Paul; Beaty, Jerome; Bain, Carl E.

• ISBN13: 9780393972023
• ISBN10: 039397202X
• Edition: 7th
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 1998-01-01
• Publisher: W W Norton & Co

Summary

Offering 59 stories, 458 poems, and 15 plays, the Seventh Edition provides a wealth of classics and contemporaries, canonical favorites and emerging writers. New to the Seventh Edition are pieces by Audre Thomas, Salman Rushdie, Jimmy Santiago Baca, Flannery O'Connor, Seamus Heaney, Marilyn Hacker, Lorraine Hansberry, David Ives, Raymond Carver, Joyce Carol Oates, Margaret Laurence, Allen Ginsberg, Nicholson Baker, and Denise Levertov, among many others. The Norton Introduction to Literature offers students more perspectives on the contexts of literature - authorial, literary, cultural, historical, and critical - than any other introductory anthology. Included in the Seventh Edition are three new "Exploring Contexts" chapters. Entitled "Critical Contexts", each includes a literary piece and several examples of professional criticism about that piece to introduce students to the critical discussion surrounding works and authors and to inspire students' own critical writing.

Table of Contents

Fiction	2	(792)
Fiction: Reading, Responding, Writing	2	(19)
Spencer Holst
The Zebra Storyteller	2	(3)
Audre Thomas
Kill Day on the Government Wharf	5	(9)
Guy de Maupassant
The Jewelry	14	(6)
QUESTIONS/WRITING SUGGESTIONS	20	(1)
Understanding the Text	21	(288)
1 PLOT	21	(51)
Margaret Atwood
Happy Endings	26	(3)
John Cheever
The Country Husband	29	(18)
James Baldwin
Sonny's Blues	47	(23)
QUESTIONS/WRITING SUGGESTIONS	70	(2)
2 POINT OF VIEW	72	(31)
Edgar Allan Poe
The Cask of Amontillado	75	(5)
Ambrose Bierce
An Occurrence at Owl Creek Bridge	80	(7)
Timothy Findley
Dreams	87	(15)
QUESTIONS/WRITING SUGGESTIONS	102	(1)
3 CHARACTERIZATION	103	(42)
Eudora Welty
Why I Live at the P.O.	107	(9)
Charles Baxter
Fenstad's Mother	116	(10)
Doris Lessing
Our Friend Judith	126	(13)
Grace Paley
A Conversation with My Father	139	(4)
QUESTIONS/WRITING SUGGESTIONS	143	(2)
4 SETTING	145	(39)
Richard Dokey
Sanchez	147	(9)
Amy Tan
A Pair of Tickets	156	(15)
Anton Chekhov
The Lady with the Dog	171	(11)
QUESTIONS/WRITING SUGGESTIONS	182	(2)
5 SYMBOLS	184	(27)
Nathaniel Hawthorne
Young Goodman Brown	187	(9)
Franz Kafka
A Hunger Artist	196	(7)
Ann Beattie
Janus	203	(3)
QUESTIONS/WRITING SUGGESTIONS	206	(2)
Geoffrey Clement
STUDENT WRITING: The Struggle to Surface in the Water of "Sonny's Blues"	208	(3)
6 THEME	211	(23)
Katherine Mansfield
Her First Ball	214	(4)
James Joyce
Counterparts	218	(8)
Angela Carter
A Souvenir of Japan	226	(6)
QUESTIONS/WRITING SUGGESTIONS	232	(2)
7 THE WHOLE TEXT	234	(75)
Joseph Conrad
The Secret Sharer	234	(30)
QUESTIONS AND WRITING SUGGESTIONS	264	(1)
Louise Erdrich
Love Medicine	265	(16)
QUESTIONS AND WRITING SUGGESTIONS	281	(1)
Guy Vanderhaeghe
The Watcher	282	(25)
QUESTIONS/WRITING SUGGESTIONS	307	(2)
Exploring Contexts	309	(239)
8 THE AUTHOR'S WORK AS CONTEXT: D. H. LAWRENCE AND FLANNERY O'CONNOR	309	(107)
D. H. Lawrence	315	(44)
Odour of Chrysanthemums	315	(14)
The Blind Man	329	(14)
The Rocking-Horse Winner	343	(11)
Passages from Essays and Letters	354	(5)
Flannery O'Connor	359	(55)
A Good Man Is Hard to Find	359	(12)
The Lame Shall Enter First	371	(26)
Everything That Rises Must Converge	397	(11)
Passages from Essays and Letters	408	(6)
QUESTIONS/WRITING SUGGESTIONS	414	(2)
9 LITERARY KIND AS CONTEXT: INITIATION STORIES	416	(21)
Toni Cade Bambara
Gorilla, My Love	417	(5)
Alice Munro
Boys and Girls	422	(10)
Nicholson Baker
Pants on Fire	432	(3)
QUESTIONS/WRITING SUGGESTIONS	435	(2)
10 FORM AS CONTEXT: THE SHORT STORY	437	(17)
Kate Chopin
The Story of an Hour	438	(2)
Gabriel Garcia Marquez
A Very Old Man with Enormous Wings	440	(5)
Ernest Hemingway
A Clean, Well-Lighted Place	445	(4)
Jamaica Kincaid
Girl	449	(1)
Yasunari Kawabata
The Grasshopper and the Bell Cricket	450	(2)
QUESTIONS/WRITING SUGGESTIONS	452	(2)
11 CULTURE AS CONTEXT	454	(46)
Katherine Anne Porter
Holiday	455	(21)
Margaret Laurence
The Rain Child	476	(16)
Jorge Luis Borges
Pierre Menard, Author of the Quixote	492	(6)
QUESTIONS/WRITING SUGGESTIONS	498	(2)
12 CRITICAL CONTEXTS: A FICTION CASEBOOK	500	(48)
William Faulkner
A Rose for Emily	502	(8)
Daniel Bronson
STUDENT WRITING: "Like the Sand of the Hourglass..."	510	(3)
Lawrence R. Rodgers
"We all said, `she will kill herself'": The Narrator/Detective in William Faulkner's "A Rose for Emily"	513	(8)
George L. Dillon
Styles of Reading	521	(8)
Judith Fetterley
A Rose for "A Rose for Emily"	529	(7)
Gene M. Moore
Of Time and Its Mathematical Progression: Problems of Chronology in Faulkner's "A Rose for Emily"	536	(7)
Willow D. Crystal
STUDENT WRITING: "One of us...": Concepts of the Private and the Public in William Faulkner's "A Rose for Emily"	543	(5)
Evaluating Fiction	548	(50)
Richard Connell
The Most Dangerous Game	548	(19)
Thaddeus Smith
STUDENT WRITING: Why "The Most Dangerous Game" Is Good Literature	564	(1)
Sara Rosen
STUDENT WRITING: Why "The Most Dangerous Game" Is Not Good Literature	565	(2)
William Faulkner
Barn Burning	567	(16)
Bharati Mukherjee
The Management of Grief	583	(15)
Reading More Fiction	598	(196)
Louisa May Alcott
My Contraband	598	(14)
Henry James
The Real Thing	612	(18)
Charlotte Perkins Gilman
The Yellow Wallpaper	630	(12)
Edith Wharton
Souls Belated	642	(20)
Rudyard Kipling
Without Benefit of Clergy	662	(16)
Susan Glaspell
A Jury of Her Peers	678	(15)
Albert Murray
Train Whistle Guitar	693	(14)
Joyce Carol Oates
The Lady with the Pet Dog	707	(13)
Raymond Carver
Cathedral	720	(10)
Bobbie Ann Mason
Shiloh	730	(11)
Paul Ruffin
Lamar Loper's First Case	741	(12)
Richard Ford
Great Falls	753	(12)
Salman Rushdie
The Prophet's Hair	765	(10)
Lynna Williams
Personal Testimony	775	(8)
Ha Jin
In Broad Daylight	783	(11)
Poetry	794	(532)
Poetry: Reading, Responding, Writing	794	(27)
READING	795	(6)
Elizabeth Barrett Browning
How Do I Love Thee?	795	(1)
Jarold Ramsey
The Tally Stick	796	(1)
Ezra Pound
The River-Merchant's Wife: A Letter	797	(2)
Denise Levertov
Wedding-Ring	799	(1)
Tom Wayman
Wayman in Love	800	(1)
RESPONDING	801	(7)
Ben Jonson
On My First Son	801	(1)
Howard Nemerov
The Vacuum	802	(1)
Sharon Olds
The Glass	803	(2)
Rita Dove
Fifth Grade Autobiography	805	(1)
Anne Sexton
The Fury of Overshoes	806	(2)
WRITING ABOUT POEMS	808	(2)
PRACTICING READING: SOME POEMS ON LOVE	810	(11)
Anne Bradstreet
To My Dear and Loving Husband	810	(1)
William Shakespeare
[Shall I compare thee to a summer's day?]	810	(1)
Leigh Hunt
Rondeau	811	(1)
Denise Levertov
Love Poem	811	(1)
W. H. Auden
[Stop all the clocks, cut off the telephone]	812	(1)
Audre Lorde
Recreation	812	(1)
Marge Piercy
To Have without Holding	813	(1)
Elizabeth Bishop
Casabianca	814	(1)
Liz Rosenberg
Married Love	814	(1)
John Dryden
[Why should a foolish marriage vow]	815	(1)
Mary, Lady Chudleigh
To the Ladies	815	(1)
Richard Lovelace
To Althea, from Prison	816	(1)
Edna St. Vincent Millay
[What lips my lips have kissed, and where, and why]	817	(1)
Theodore Roethke
She	817	(1)
Karen Chase
Venison	818	(1)
Aphra Behn
On Her Loving Two Equally	818	(1)
William Shakespeare
[Let me not to the marriage of true minds]	819	(1)
QUESTIONS/WRITING SUGGESTIONS	819	(2)
Understanding the Text	821	(244)
13 TONE	821	(25)
Marge Piercy
Barbie Doll	821	(1)
W. D. Snodgrass
Leaving the Motel	822	(2)
Linda Pastan
love poem	824	(2)
Etheridge Knight
Hard Rock Returns to Prison from the Hospital for the Criminal Insane	826	(1)
William Blake
London	827	(2)
Maxine Kumin
Woodchucks	829	(1)
Adrienne Rich
Aunt Jennifer's Tigers	829	(3)
MANY TONES: POEMS ABOUT FAMILY RELATIONSHIPS	832	(12)
Galway Kinnell
After Making Love We Hear Footsteps	832	(1)
Seamus Heaney
Mid-Term Break	832	(1)
Pat Mora
Elena	833	(1)
Alberto Alvaro Rios
Mi Abuelo	834	(1)
Sharon Olds
I Go Back to May 1937	835	(1)
Li-Young Lee
Persimmons	835	(2)
Elizabeth Alexander
West Indian Primer	837	(1)
Eamon Grennan
Pause	838	(1)
Jimmy Santiago Baca
Green Chile	839	(1)
Robert Hayden
Those Winter Sundays	840	(1)
James Masao Mitsui
Because of My Father's Job	840	(1)
Simon J. Ortiz
My Father's Song	841	(1)
Susan Musgrave
You Didn't Fit	842	(1)
Alan Dugan
Elegy	843	(1)
Erin Moure
Thirteen Years	844	(1)
QUESTIONS/WRITING SUGGESTIONS	844	(2)
14 SPEAKER: WHOSE VOICE DO WE HEAR?	846	(24)
Thomas Hardy
The Ruined Maid	846	(2)
X. J. Kennedy
In a Prominent Bar in Secaucus One Day	848	(1)
Adrienne Rich
Letters in the Family	849	(3)
Robert Browning
Soliloquy of the Spanish Cloister	852	(2)
Tess Gallagher
Sudden Journey	854	(1)
Dorothy Parker
A Certain Lady	855	(2)
A. R. Ammons
Needs	857	(1)
William Wordsworth
She Dwelt among the Untrodden Ways	858	(1)
Sharon Olds
The Lifting	859	(1)
Frances Cornford
The New-Born Baby's Song	860	(1)
Audre Lorde
Hanging Fire	860	(1)
John Betjeman
In Westminster Abbey	861	(1)
Henry Reed
Lessons of the War: Judging Distances	862	(1)
Gwendolyn Brooks
We Real Cool	863	(1)
Sir Thomas Wyatt
They Flee from Me	864	(1)
Walt Whitman
[I celebrate myself, and sing myself]	864	(1)
Stevie Smith
I Remember	865	(1)
Pat Mora
La Migra	865	(1)
Sylvia Plath
Mirror	866	(1)
Seamus Heaney
The Outlaw	867	(1)
Margaret Atwood
Death of a Young Son by Drowning	868	(1)
QUESTIONS/WRITING SUGGESTIONS	869	(1)
15 SITUATION AND SETTING: WHAT HAPPENS? WHERE? WHEN?	870	(44)
James Dickey
Cherrylog Road	871	(3)
John Donne
The Flea	874	(1)
Rita Dove
Daystar	875	(1)
Linda Pastan
To a Daughter Leaving Home	876	(1)
John Milton
On the Late Massacre in Piedmont	877	(2)
Sylvia Plath
Point Shirley	879	(2)
Matthew Arnold
Dover Beach	881	(2)
SITUATIONS	883	(8)
Margaret Atwood
Siren Song	883	(1)
Andrew Marvell
To His Coy Mistress	884	(1)
Mary Oliver
Singapore	885	(1)
Louise Gluck
Labor Day	886	(1)
Richard Snyder
A Mongoloid Child Handling Shells on the Beach	886	(1)
Mary Karr
Hubris	887	(1)
John Donne
The Sun Rising	887	(1)
Hart Crane
Episode of Hands	888	(1)
Emily Bronte
The Night-Wind	889	(2)
TIMES	891	(7)
William Shakespeare
[Full many a glorious morning have I seen]	891	(1)
John Donne
The Good-Morrow	891	(1)
Sylvia Plath
Morning Song	892	(1)
Jonathan Swift
A Description of the Morning	892	(1)
Amy Clampitt
Meridian	893	(1)
Karen Volkman
Evening	894	(1)
W. H. Auden
As I Walked Out One Evening	894	(2)
William Shakespeare
Spring	896	(1)
Archibald Lampman
In November	896	(2)
PLACES	898	(6)
April Bernard
Praise Psalm of the City-Dweller	898	(1)
Anthony Hecht
A Hill	898	(1)
Susan Musgrave
I Am Not a Conspiracy Everything Is Not Paranoid The Drug Enforcement Administration Is Not Everywhere	899	(1)
Thomas Gray
Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard	900	(4)
COMPARING PLACES AND TIMES: THE SENSE OF CULTURAL OTHERNESS	904	(6)
Yvonne Sapia
Grandmother, a Caribbean Indian, Described by My Father	904	(1)
Simon J. Ortiz
Speaking	905	(1)
Agha Shahid Ali
Postcard from Kashmir	906	(1)
Cathy Song
Heaven	906	(2)
Marilyn Chin
We Are Americans Now, We Live in the Tundra	908	(1)
Chitra Banerjee Divakaruni
Indian Movie, New Jersey	908	(2)
QUESTIONS/WRITING SUGGESTIONS	910	(1)
Kimberly Smith
STUDENT WRITING: A Letter to an Author	911	(3)
16 LANGUAGE	914	(52)
PRECISION AND AMBIGUITY	914	(23)
Sarah Cleghorn
[The golf links lie so near the mill]	914	(1)
Anne Finch
Countess of Winchelsea, There's No To-Morrow	915	(1)
Charles Bernstein
Of Time and the Line	915	(2)
Yvor Winters
At the San Francisco Airport	917	(2)
Walter de la Mare
Slim Cunning Hands	919	(1)
Pat Mora
Gentle Communion	920	(1)
Ben Jonson
Still to Be Neat	921	(1)
Robert Herrick
Delight in Disorder	922	(2)
Emily Dickinson
[After great pain, a formal feeling comes-]	924	(1)
Theodore Roethke
My Papa's Waltz	924	(2)
Sharon Olds
Sex without Love	926	(1)
Gerard Manley Hopkins
Pied Beauty	927	(1)
Mary Oliver
Morning	927	(1)
William Carlos Williams
The Red Wheelbarrow	928	(1)
E. E. Cummings
[in Just-]	928	(1)
Rita Dove
Parsley	929	(2)
Susan Musgrave
Hidden Meaning	931	(1)
Richard Armour
Hiding Place	931	(1)
Ogden Nash
Reflections on Ice-Breaking	932	(1)
Here Usually Comes the Bride	932	(1)
Emily Dickinson
[I dwell in Possibility-]	932	(1)
John Milton
FROM Paradise Lost	933	(4)
METAPHOR AND SIMILE	937	(14)
William Shakespeare
[That time of year thou mayst in me behold]	937	(2)
Linda Pastan
Marks	939	(1)
David Wagoner
My Father's Garden	940	(1)
Robert Francis
Hogwash	941	(1)
Robert Burns
A Red, Red Rose	942	(2)
Adrienne Rich
Two Songs	944	(1)
1. [Sex, as they harshly call it]	944	(1)
2. [That "old last act"!]	944	(1)
Randall Jarrell
The Death of the Ball Turret Gunner	945	(1)
Dorothy Livesay
Other	946	(1)
Hart Crane
Forgetfulness	947	(1)
Carolyn Forche
Taking Off My Clothes	947	(1)
Emily Dickinson
[Wild Nights-Wild Nights!]	948	(1)
Agha Shahid Ali
The Dacca Gauzes	948	(1)
Amy Lowell
Aubade	949	(1)
John Donne
[Batter my heart, three-personed God; for You]	950	(1)
Anonymous
The Twenty-third Psalm	950	(1)
SYMBOL	951	(13)
Sharon Olds
Leningrad Cemetery, Winter of 1941	951	(2)
James Dickey
The Leap	953	(2)
John Clare
Love's Emblem	955	(2)
William Blake
The Sick Rose	957	(1)
Edmund Waller
Song	958	(1)
John Gay
[Virgins are like the fair flower in its luster]	959	(1)
Emily Dickinson
[Go not too near a House of Rose-]	959	(1)
William Carlos Williams
Poem	959	(1)
Mary Oliver
Roses, Late Summer	960	(1)
Alfred, Lord Tennyson
Now Sleeps the Crimson Petal	961	(1)
Robert Frost
The Rose Family	961	(1)
Dorothy Parker
One Perfect Rose	962	(1)
Katha Pollitt
Two Fish	962	(1)
Roo Borson
After a Death	962	(1)
Howard Nemerov
The Town Dump	963	(1)
QUESTIONS/WRITING SUGGESTIONS	964	(2)
17 THE SOUNDS OF POETRY	966	(24)
Helen Chasin
The Word Plum	966	(1)
Mona Van Duyn
What the Motorcycle Said	967	(2)
Kenneth Fearing
Dirge	969	(2)
Alexander Pope
Sound and Sense	971	(2)
Samuel Taylor Coleridge
Metrical Feet	973	(1)
Wendy Cope
Emily Dickinson	974	(1)
Anonymous
[There was a young lady of Riga]	974	(1)
Sir John Suckling
Song	974	(1)
John Dryden
To the Memory of Mr. Oldham	975	(1)
Michael Harper
Dear John, Dear Coltrane	976	(1)
Stephen Spender
The Express	977	(1)
Judith Wright
"Dove-Love"	978	(1)
Cynthia Zarin
Song	979	(1)
Theodore Roethke
The Waking	979	(1)
William Shakespeare
[Like as the waves make towards the pebbled shore]	980	(1)
James Merrill
Watching the Dance	980	(1)
Alfred, Lord Tennyson
Break, Break, Break	981	(1)
Thomas Nashe
A Litany in Time of Plague	981	(1)
Stevie Smith
Our Bog Is Dood	982	(1)
Earle Birney
Irapuato	983	(1)
Edgar Allan Poe
The Raven	984	(2)
Gerard Manley Hopkins
Spring and Fall:	986	(1)
Emily Dickinson
[A narrow Fellow in the Grass]	987	(1)
Robert Herrick
To the Virgins, to Make Much of Time	988	(1)
Jean Toomer
Reapers	988	(1)
QUESTIONS/WRITING SUGGESTIONS	988	(2)
18 INTERNAL STRUCTURE	990	(25)
Edwin Arlington Robinson
Mr. Flood's Party	990	(3)
Howard Nemerov
The Goose Fish	993	(2)
Philip Larkin
Church Going	995	(3)
Pat Mora
Sonrisas	998	(1)
James Wright
Arrangements with Earth for Three Dead Friends	998	(2)
Sharon Olds
The Victims	1000	(2)
Anonymous
Sir Patrick Spens	1002	(1)
T. S. Eliot
Journey of the Magi	1003	(1)
Karl Shapiro
Auto Wreck	1004	(1)
Richard Wilbur
The Pardon	1005	(1)
Emily Dickinson
[The Wind begun to knead the Grass-]	1006	(1)
Roo Borson
Save Us From	1007	(1)
William Carlos Williams
The Dance	1008	(1)
Percy Bysshe Shelley
Ode to the West Wind	1008	(2)
Louise Bogan
Evening in the Sanitarium	1010	(1)
QUESTIONS/WRITING SUGGESTIONS	1011	(1)
STUDENT WRITING: Structure and Language in "The Victims"	1012	(3)
Sharon Olds
19 EXTERNAL FORM	1015	(32)
THE SONNET	1018	(14)
William Wordsworth
Nuns Fret Not	1018	(1)
Henry Constable
[My lady's presence makes the roses red]	1019	(2)
John Keats
On the Sonnet	1021	(1)
Dante Gabriel Rossetti
A Sonnet Is a Moment's Monument	1021	(1)
Countee Cullen
Yet Do I Marvel	1022	(1)
Gwen Harwood
In the Park	1022	(1)
Emma Lazarus
The New Colossus	1023	(1)
Helen Chasin
Joy Sonnet in a Random Universe	1023	(1)
Edwin Morgan
Opening the Cage	1024	(1)
John Milton
[When I consider how my light is spent]	1024	(1)
Claude McKay
The Harlem Dancer	1025	(1)
Helene Johnson
Sonnet to a Negro in Harlem	1025	(1)
William Wordsworth
The world is too much with us	1026	(1)
Percy Bysshe Shelley
Ozymandias	1026	(1)
Archibald Lampman
Winter Evening	1027	(1)
Sir Charles G. D. Roberts
The Potato Harvest	1027	(1)
Robert Frost
Once by the Pacific	1028	(1)
Gwendolyn Brooks
First Fight. Then Fiddle.	1028	(1)
William Wordsworth
London, 1802	1029	(1)
Claude McKay
The White House	1029	(1)
Sir Philip Sidney
[When Nature made her chief work, Stella's eyes]	1030	(1)
William Shakespeare
[My mistress' eyes are nothing like the sun]	1030	(1)
Diane Ackerman
Sweep Me through Your Many-Chambered Heart	1031	(1)
STANZA FORMS	1032	(6)
Dylan Thomas
Do Not Go Gentle into That Good Night	1033	(1)
Marianne Moore
Poetry	1033	(1)
Elizabeth Bishop
Sestina	1034	(1)
Ishmael Reed
beware : do not read this poem	1035	(2)
Archibald MacLeish
Ars Poetica	1037	(1)
THE WAY A POEM LOOKS	1038	(7)
Franklin P. Adams
Composed in the Composing Room	1038	(1)
E. E. Cummings
[Buffalo Bill's]	1039	(1)
Stevie Smith
The Jungle Husband	1040	(1)
George Herbert
Easter Wings	1041	(1)
Robert Herrick
The Pillar of Fame	1041	(1)
Mary Oliver
Goldenrod	1042	(1)
E. E. Cummings
[(l)(a]	1043	(1)
Mary Ellen Solt
Lilac	1043	(1)
John Hollander
A State of Nature	1044	(1)
Earle Birney
Anglosaxon Street	1044	(1)
QUESTIONS/WRITING SUGGESTIONS	1045	(2)
20 THE WHOLE TEXT	1047	(18)
Elizabeth Jennings
Delay	1047	(1)
Anonymous
Western Wind	1049	(1)
Robert Herrick
Upon Julia's Clothes	1050	(2)
W. H. Auden
Musee des Beaux Arts	1052	(1)
George Herbert
The Collar	1053	(1)
Emily Dickinson
[My Life had stood-a Loaded Gun-]	1054	(1)
Robert Frost
Design	1054	(1)
D. H. Lawrence
Piano	1055	(1)
Liz Rosenberg
A Lesson in Anatomy	1055	(1)
Jonathan Swift
A Description of a City Shower	1056	(1)
Sir Walter Ralegh
The Author's Epitaph, Made by Himself	1057	(1)
Anne Sexton
With Mercy for the Greedy	1058	(1)
QUESTIONS/WRITING SUGGESTIONS	1059	(1)
Meaghan E. Parker
STUDENT WRITING: Tragedy in Five Stanzas: "Woodchucks"	1060	(5)
Exploring Contexts	1065	(171)
21. THE AUTHOR'S WORK AS CONTEXT: JOHN KEATS	1065	(16)
On First Looking into Chapman's Homer	1067	(1)
On the Grasshopper and the Cricket	1068	(1)
On Seeing the Elgin Marbles	1068	(1)
When I Have Fears	1068	(1)
Ode to a Nightingale	1069	(2)
Ode on a Grecian Urn	1071	(2)
Ode on Melancholy	1073	(1)
To Autumn	1074	(1)
Passages from Letters and the Preface to Endymion	1075	(5)
QUESTIONS/WRITING SUGGESTIONS	1080	(1)
22 THE AUTHOR'S WORK IN CONTEXT: ADRIENNE RICH	1081	(24)
At a Bach Concert	1082	(1)
Storm Warnings	1083	(1)
Living in Sin	1083	(1)
Snapshots of a Daughter-in-Law	1084	(4)
Planetarium	1088	(1)
Dialogue	1089	(1)
Diving into the Wreck	1090	(2)
Power	1092	(1)
For the Record	1092	(1)
[My mouth hovers across your breasts]	1093	(1)
Walking down the Road	1094	(1)
Delta	1094	(1)
History	1095	(1)
From Interviews and Personal Reflections	1096	(8)
QUESTION/WRITING SUGGESTIONS	1104	(1)
23 LITERARY TRADITION AS CONTEXT	1105	(47)
ECHO AND ALLUSION	1106	(7)
Ben Jonson
Come, My Celia	1107	(1)
William Blake
The Lamb	1108	(1)
Howard Nemerov
Boom!	1108	(2)
Marianne Moore
Love in America?	1110	(1)
Robert Hollander
You Too? Me Too-Why Not? Soda Pop	1111	(1)
William Shakespeare
[Not marble, nor the gilded monuments]	1112	(1)
POETIC "KINDS"	1113	(2)
Christopher Marlowe
The Passionate Shepherd to His Love	1113	(2)
THE EPIGRAM	1115	(5)
Samuel Taylor Coleridge
What Is an Epigram?	1116	(1)
Ben Jonson
Epitaph on Elizabeth, L. H.	1116	(1)
Martial
[You've told me, Maro, whilst you live]	1116	(1)
John Gay
My Own Epitaph	1117	(1)
Richard Crashaw
An Epitaph upon a Young Married Couple, Dead and Buried Together	1117	(1)
X. J. Kennedy
Epitaph for a Postal Clerk	1118	(1)
Countee Cullen
For a Lady I Know	1118	(1)
Mary Barber
To Novella, on her saying deridingly, that a Lady of great Merit, and fine Address, was bred in the Old Way.	1118	(1)
Peter Pindar
Epigram	1118	(1)
Edna St. Vincent Millay
First Fig	1119	(1)
HAIKU	1120	(8)
Chiyojo
[Whether astringent]	1120	(2)
Basho	1122	(1)
[A village without bells-]	1122	(1)
[This road-]	1122	(1)
[First snow]	1122	(1)
[Another year gone-]	1122	(1)
Buson	1122	(1)
[Coolness-]	1122	(1)
[Listening to the moon]	1123	(1)
Issa	1123	(1)
[The moon and the flowers]	1123	(1)
[The snail gets up]	1123	(1)
[Insects on a bough]	1123	(1)
[As I grow older]	1123	(1)
Seifu
[The faces of dolls]	1124	(1)
Chiyojo
[Bearing no flowers]	1124	(1)
Hashin
[No sky and no earth]	1124	(1)
Onitsura
[Come! Come! Though I call]	1124	(1)
Lafcadio Hearn
[Old pond--...]	1125	(1)
Clara A. Walsh
[An old-time pond, from off whose shadowed depth]	1125	(1)
John Thomas Bryan
[There is the old pond!]	1125	(1)
R. H. Blyth
[The old pond]	1125	(1)
Earl Miner
[The still old pond]	1126	(1)
Allen Ginsberg
[The old pond-a frog jumps in, kerplunk!]	1126	(1)
Babette Deutsch
[The falling flower]	1126	(1)
J. W. Hackett
[Up close, at the place]	1126	(1)
Etheridge Knight
[Eastern guard tower]	1127	(1)
Allen Ginsberg
[Looking over my shoulder]	1127	(1)
Richard Wright
[In the falling snow]	1127	(1)
IMITATING AND ANSWERING	1128	(7)
Sir Walter Ralegh
The Nymph's Reply to the Shepherd	1128	(1)
William Carlos Williams
Raleigh Was Right	1129	(1)
E. E. Cummings
[(ponder, darling, these busted statues]	1130	(1)
Peter De Vries
To His Importunate Mistress	1131	(1)
Allen Ginsberg
A Further Proposal	1132	(1)
Kenneth Koch
Variations on a Theme by William Carlos Williams	1132	(1)
Desmond Skirrow
Ode on a Grecian Urn Summarized	1133	(1)
Anthony Hecht
The Dover Bitch	1133	(1)
Wendy Cope
[Not only marble, but the plastic toys]	1134	(1)
CULTURAL BELIEF AND TRADITION	1135	(15)
John Hollander
Adam's Task	1136	(1)
Susan Donnelly
Eve Names the Animals	1136	(1)
Christina Rossetti
Eve	1137	(2)
Alfred, Lord Tennyson
Ulysses	1139	(2)
Miriam Waddington
Ulysses Embroidered	1141	(1)
Edna St. Vincent Millay
An Ancient Gesture	1142	(1)
Langston Hughes
The Negro Speaks of Rivers	1143	(1)
June Jordan
Something Like a Sonnet for Phillis Miracle Wheatley	1143	(1)
Maya Angelou
Africa	1144	(1)
Derek Walcott
A Far Cry from Africa	1144	(1)
Ishmael Reed
I Am a Cowboy in the Boat of Ra	1145	(2)
Judith Ortiz Cofer
How to Get a Baby	1147	(1)
Alberto Alvaro Rios
Advice to a First Cousin	1148	(1)
Louise Erdrich
Jacklight	1149	(1)
QUESTIONS/WRITING SUGGESTIONS	1150	(2)
24 HISTORICAL AND CULTURAL CONTEXTS	1152	(40)
James A. Emanuel
Emmett Till	1153	(1)
Thomas Hardy
Channel Firing	1154	(1)
Sandra Gilbert
Sonnet: The Ladies' Home Journal	1155	(4)
TIMES, PLACES, AND EVENTS	1159	(12)
Miller Williams
Thinking about Bill, Dead of AIDS	1159	(1)
Irving Layton
From Colony to Nation	1159	(1)
Mary Jo Salter
Welcome to Hiroshima	1160	(1)
Dwight Okita
Notes for a Poem on Being Asian American	1161	(1)
Donald Justice
Children Walking Home from School through Good Neighborhood	1162	(1)
Claude McKay
America	1163	(1)
Langston Hughes
Harlem (A Dream Deferred)	1163	(1)
Robert Hayden
Frederick Douglass	1164	(1)
Mbuyiseni Oswald Mtshali
Boy on a Swing	1164	(1)
Thomas Hardy
The Convergence of the Twain	1165	(1)
Wilfred Owen
Dulce et Decorum Est	1166	(1)
Richard Eberhart
The Fury of Aerial Bombardment	1167	(1)
William Stafford
At the Bomb Testing Site	1168	(1)
Dudley Randall
Ballad of Birmingham	1168	(1)
Ai, Riot Act, April 29, 1992	1169	(2)
CONSTRUCTING IDENTITY, EXPLORING GENDER	1171	(20)
Robert Browning
My Last Duchess	1171	(1)
Richard Lovelace
Song: To Lucasta, Going to the Wars	1172	(1)
Isaac Rosenberg
Break of Day in the Trenches	1173	(1)
Edgar A. Guest
The Things That Make a Soldier Great	1173	(1)
Wilfred Owen
Disabled	1174	(1)
Paulette Jiles
Paper Matches	1175	(1)
Marge Piercy
What's That Smell in the Kitchen?	1176	(1)
Dorothy Parker
Indian Summer	1176	(1)
Elizabeth
When I Was Fair and Young	1177	(1)
Theodore Roethke
I Knew a Woman	1177	(1)
Ruth Stone
Second-Hand Coat	1178	(1)
Richard Wilbur
She	1178	(1)
Katherine Philips
L'amitie: To Mrs. M. Awbrey	1179	(1)
Kay Smith
Annunciation	1180	(1)
Edna St. Vincent Millay
[Women have loved before as I love now]	1181	(1)
Aphra Behn
To the Fair Clarinda, Who Made Love to Me, Imagined More Than Woman	1181	(1)
Liz Rosenberg
The Silence of Women	1182	(1)
Sharon Olds
The Elder Sister	1183	(1)
Elizabeth Bishop
Exchanging Hats	1183	(1)
Judith Ortiz Cofer
The Changeling	1184	(1)
Amy Lowell
The Lonely Wife	1185	(1)
Elizabeth Spires
The Bodies	1186	(1)
Marilyn Hacker
[Who would divorce her lover...]	1187	(1)
Ha Jin
The Past	1188	(1)
Diane Wakoski
The Ring of Irony	1188	(1)
Edna St. Vincent Millay
[I, being born a woman and distressed]	1190	(1)
QUESTIONS/WRITING SUGGESTIONS	1191	(1)
25 CRITICAL CONTEXTS: A POETRY CASEBOOK	1192	(32)
Sylvia Plath
Daddy	1194	(3)
George Steiner
Dying Is an Art	1197	(3)
Irving Howe
The Plath Celebration: A Partial Dissent	1200	(2)
A. Alvarez
Sylvia Plath	1202	(2)
Judith Kroll
Rituals of Exorcism: "Daddy"	1204	(3)
Mary Lynn Broe
FROM Protean Poetic	1207	(3)
Margaret Homans
From A Feminine Tradition	1210	(2)
Pamela J. Annas
FROM A Disturbance in Mirrors	1212	(3)
Steven Gould Axelrod
Jealous Gods	1215	(9)
26 THE PROCESS OF CREATION	1224	(12)
Richard Wilbur
Love Calls Us to the Things of This World	1225	(2)
John Keats	1227	(1)
[Bright star! would I were stedfast as thou art!]	1227	(1)
To Autumn	1228	(1)
Alexander Pope
Ode on Solitude	1229	(2)
Anonymous
[O where ha' you been, Lord Randal, my son?]	1231	(1)
Marianne Moore
Poetry	1232	(1)
Emily Dickinson
[Safe in their Alabaster Chambers-]	1233	(1)
William Blake
The Tyger	1233	(3)
Evaluating Poetry	1236	(14)
William Shakespeare
[Th' expense of spirit in a waste of shame]	1239	(2)
John Donne
Song	1241	(2)
Irving Layton
Street Funeral	1243	(1)
Geoffrey Hill
In Memory of Jane Fraser	1243	(1)
Galway Kinnell
Blackberry Eating	1244	(1)
Emily Dickinson
[The Brain-is wider than the Sky-]	1244	(1)
Chidiock Tichborne
Elegy	1245	(1)
Wallace Stevens
Anecdote of the Jar	1245	(1)
Elizabeth Bishop
The Armadillo	1246	(1)
John Crowe Ransom
Bells for John Whiteside's Daughter	1247	(1)
Alice Walker
Revolutionary Petunias	1248	(1)
QUESTIONS/WRITING SUGGESTIONS	1248	(2)
Reading More Poetry	1250	(76)
W. H. Auden
In Memory of W. B. Yeats	1250	(2)
Gwendolyn Brooks	1252	(1)
To the Diaspora	1252	(1)
The Coora Flower	1252	(1)
Samuel Taylor Coleridge
Kubla Khan: or, a Vision in a Dream	1253	(1)
Hart Crane	1254	(1)
To Emily Dickinson	1254	(1)
Exile	1255	(1)
H. D. (Hilda Doolittle)	1255	(1)
Sea Rose	1255	(1)
Helen	1255	(1)
Emily Dickinson	1256	(2)
[Because I could not stop for Death-]	1256	(1)
[I reckon-when I count at all-]	1257	(1)
[My life closed twice before its close-]	1257	(1)
[We do not play on Graves-]	1257	(1)
[She dealt her pretty words like Blades-]	1258	(1)
John Donne	1258	(3)
The Canonization	1258	(1)
[Death be not proud, though some have called thee]	1259	(1)
A Valediction: Forbidding Mourning	1260	(1)
Paul Laurence Dunbar	1261	(1)
Sympathy	1261	(1)
We Wear the Mask	1261	(1)
T. S. Eliot
The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock	1262	(4)
Robert Frost	1266	(1)
Range-Finding	1266	(1)
The Road Not Taken	1266	(1)
Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening	1267	(1)
Allen Ginsberg	1267	(2)
A Supermarket in California	1267	(1)
Velocity of Money	1268	(1)
Thomas Hardy	1269	(1)
The Darkling Thrush	1269	(1)
During Wind and Rain	1269	(1)
Seamus Heaney
The Summer of Lost Rachel	1270	(1)
Gerard Manley Hopkins	1271	(1)
God's Grandeur	1271	(1)
The Windhover	1272	(1)
Langston Hughes
Theme for English B	1272	(1)
A. M. Klein
Heirloom	1273	(1)
Richard Lovelace
To Amarantha, That She Would Dishevel Her Hair	1274	(1)
Robert Lowell
Skunk Hour	1275	(1)
Andrew Marvell	1276	(4)
The Garden	1276	(2)
The Mower, against Gardens	1278	(1)
On a Drop of Dew	1279	(1)
John Milton
Lycidas	1280	(5)
Howard Nemerov
A Way of Life	1285	(1)
Michael Ondaatje
King Kong Meets Wallace Stevens	1286	(1)
Dorothy Parker
Comment	1287	(1)
Sylvia Plath	1287	(3)
Black Rook in Rainy Weather	1287	(1)
Lady Lazarus	1288	(2)
Ezra Pound	1290	(1)
The Garden	1290	(1)
In a Station of the Metro	1291	(1)
A Virginal	1291	(1)
Theodore Roethke
The Dream	1291	(1)
Muriel Rukeyser	1292	(1)
Reading Time : 1 Minute 26 Seconds	1292	(1)
Myth	1293	(1)
William Shakespeare	1293	(2)
[Hark, hark! the lark at heaven's gate sings]	1293	(1)
[Two loves I have of comfort and despair]	1294	(1)
[They that have power to hurt and will do none]	1294	(1)
Winter	1294	(1)
Wallace Stevens	1295	(5)
The Idea of Order at Key West	1295	(1)
The Emperor of Ice-Cream	1296	(1)
Sunday Morning	1297	(3)
Alfred, Lord Tennyson
Tears, Idle Tears	1300	(1)
Dylan Thomas	1301	(2)
Fern Hill	1301	(1)
In My Craft or Sullen Art	1302	(1)
Jean Toomer
Song of the Son	1303	(1)
Walt Whitman	1303	(8)
Facing West from California's Shores	1303	(1)
I Hear America Singing	1304	(1)
A Noiseless Patient Spider	1304	(1)
When Lilacs Last in the Dooryard Bloomed	1305	(6)
Richard Wilbur	1311	(2)
The Beautiful Changes	1311	(1)
Museum Piece	1312	(1)
Transit	1312	(1)
William Carlos Williams
This Is Just to Say	1313	(1)
William Wordsworth
Lines Composed a Few Miles above Tintern Abbey on Revisiting the Banks of the Wye during a Tour, July 13, 1798	1313	(4)
W. B. Yeats	1317	(9)
Easter 1916	1317	(2)
The Second Coming	1319	(1)
Leda and the Swan	1320	(1)
Sailing to Byzantium	1320	(1)
Among School Children	1321	(2)
Byzantium	1323	(3)
Drama	1326
Drama: Reading, Responding, Writing	1326	(27)
Susan Glaspell
Trifles	1329	(11)
David Ives
Sure Thing	1340	(9)
QUESTIONS/WRITING SUGGESTIONS	1349	(1)
Caryl Zook
STUDENT WRITING: Trifles	1350	(3)
Understanding the Text	1353	(298)
CHARACTER	1353	(3)
STRUCTURE	1356	(1)
STAGES, SETS, AND SETTING	1357	(3)
TONE	1360	(1)
THEME	1361	(1)
Lillian Hellman
The Little Foxes	1362	(50)
QUESTIONS/WRITING SUGGESTIONS	1412	(2)
Bernard Shaw
Pygmalion	1414	(73)
QUESTIONS/WRITING SUGGESTIONS	1487	(2)
Henrik Ibsen
Hedda Gabler	1489	(57)
QUESTIONS/WRITING SUGGESTIONS	1546	(2)
William Shakespeare
Hamlet	1548	(98)
QUESTIONS/WRITING SUGGESTIONS	1646	(2)
Jeanette Sperhac
STUDENT WRITING: The Play's the Thing: Deception in Hamlet	1648	(3)
Exploring Contexts	1651	(351)
27 THE AUTHOR'S WORK AS CONTEXT: ANTON CHEKHOV	1651	(60)
The Bear	1656	(11)
On the Injurious Effects of Tobacco	1667	(3)
The Cherry Orchard	1670	(38)
Passages from Letters	1708	(2)
QUESTIONS/WRITING SUGGESTIONS	1710	(1)
28 LITERARY CONTEXT: TRAGEDY AND COMEDY	1711	(90)
Sophocles
Oedipus the King	1714	(40)
QUESTIONS/WRITING SUGGESTIONS	1754	(1)
Oscar Wilde
The Importance of Being Earnest	1755	(45)
QUESTIONS/WRITING SUGGESTIONS	1800	(1)
29 CULTURE AS CONTEXT: SOCIAL AND HISTORICAL SETTING	1801	(144)
Lorraine Hansberry
A Raisin in the Sun	1805	(65)
Arthur Miller
Death of a Salesman	1870	(72)
Sherry Schnake
STUDENT WRITING: Dream of a Salesman	1942	(3)
30 CRITICAL CONTEXTS: A DRAMA CASEBOOK	1945	(57)
Sophocles
Antigone	1948	(32)
Richard C. Jebb
FROM The Antigone of Sophocles	1980	(2)
Maurice Bowra
FROM Sophoclean Tragedy	1982	(2)
Bernard Knox
Introduction to Sophocles: The Three Theban Plays	1984	(5)
George Steiner
FROM Antigones	1989	(5)
Martha C. Nussbaum
FROM The Fragility of Goodness: Luck and Ethics in Greek Tragedy and Philosophy	1994	(4)
Rebecca W. Bushnell
FROM Prophesying Tragedy: Sign and Voice in Sophocles' Theban Plays	1998	(2)
Mary Whitlock Blundell
FROM Helping Friends and Harming Enemies: A Study in Sophocles and Greek Ethics	2000	(2)
Evaluating Drama	2002
Tennessee Williams
A Streetcar Named Desire	2008	(68)
William Shakespeare
A Midsummer Night's Dream	2076
Appendices Writing about Literature	A3	(54)
INTRODUCTION	A5	(1)
REPRESENTING THE LITERARY TEXT	A6	(3)
REPLYING TO THE TEXT	A9	(3)
EXPLAINING THE TEXT	A12	(8)
CRITICAL APPROACHES	A20	(10)
WRITING ABOUT FICTION, POETRY, DRAMA	A30	(6)
DECIDING WHAT TO WRITE ABOUT	A36	(4)
FROM TOPIC TO ROUGH DRAFT	A40	(5)
FROM ROUGH DRAFT TO COMPLETED PAPER	A45	(9)
A SUMMARY OF THE PROCESS	A54	(3)
Glossary	A57	(10)
Biographical Sketches	A67	(40)
Acknowledgments	A107	(16)
Index of Authors	A123	(12)
Index of Titles and First Lines	A135