Nuclear Physical Methods in Radioecological Investigations of Nuclear Test Sites

by Hecker, Siegfried S.; Mason, C. F.; Kadyrzhanov, Kairat K.; Kislitsin, Serge B.

• ISBN13: 9780792364474
• ISBN10: 0792364473
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 2000-09-01
• Publisher: Kluwer Academic Pub

Summary

It is only with the ending of the Cold War that the issue of environmental hazards at many former nuclear testing sites around the world has attracted international scientific interest. This book discusses the environmental, ecological, and health problems associated with nuclear testing. Topics treated include dose assessment, risk, speciation and transport of radionuclides, measurement and separation of radionuclides, and remedial options. The nuclear test sites examined include the Semipalatinsk Nuclear Test Site (Kazakhstan), the Nevada test Site (USA), the Pacific atolls, and the Maralinga Test Site (Australia). The volume also discusses the additional release sites of Chelyabinsk (Russia), Chernobyl (Ukraine), Palomares (Spain), Los Alamos (USA), and others. A valuable compendium of radiological problems for a wide spectrum of readers, from non-specialist to expert.

Table of Contents

Preface	ix
C.F.V. Mason
Acknowledgements	xiii
C.F.V. Mason
S.B. Kislitsin
WELCOME AND INTRODUCTION
Greetings from the National Nuclear Centre of the Republic of Kazakhstan	xvii
Yu. Cherepnin
OVERVIEWS AND PERSPECTIVES
A Path to a Nuclear Future	3	(8)
S.S. Hecker
Radioecological Issues in the Research Efforts of the RFNC-VNIIEF	11	(6)
R.I. Ilkayev
Techniques used at the National Nuclear Centre's Institute of Nuclear Physics for Studying Soil Probes and Soil Fragments at the Semipalatinsk Nuclear Test Site	17	(28)
K.K. Kadyrzhanov
V.P. Solodukhin
I.V. Kazachevskiy
S. Khazhekber
S.N. Lukashenko
G.N. Chumikov
M.F. Verestchak
A. Eliseev
A.K. Zhetbaev
L.M. Nazarenko
S.P. Pivovarov
A. Platov
A.B. Rukhin
T.A. Seredavina
P.V. Chakrov
E.M. Yakushev
GENERAL ECOLOGICAL PROBLEMS OF NUCLEAR TEST SITES
Health and Environmental Issues at U.S. Nuclear Test Sites	45	(16)
L.R. Anspaugh
Hydrogeological Investigations and Radionuclide Migration in Groundwater at the Nevada Test Site	61	(14)
W.L. Hawkins
J.L. Thompson
D.L. Finnegan
Characterisation of Radionuclide Contamination at the Semipalatinsk Nuclear Test Site Territory	75	(14)
K.K. Kadyrzhanov
S. Khazhekber
I.V. Kazachevsky
S.N. Lukashenko
V.P. Solodukhin
Radioactive Strontium- and Caesium-Contaminated Sites: Characterisation, Transport, and Remedial Options	89	(10)
C.F.V. Mason
N. Lu
J. Conca
Evaluation of the Anthropogenic Radionuclide Concentrations in Sediments and Fauna Collected in the Arctic	99	(10)
D.W. Efurd
F.R. Roensch
W.C.T. Inkret
M.J. Hameedi
C.F.V. Mason
Radiological Environmental Research Conducted at the Site of the Sinking of the ``Komsomolets'' Nuclear-Powered Submarine	109	(8)
I.B. Astakhov
A.A. Druzhinin
N.G. Krylov
A.M. Korochkin
M. Yu. Maksimov
METHODS OF PLUTONIUM, AMERICIUM, AND STRONTIUM DETERMINATION WITH PRELIMINARY RADIOCHEMICAL SEPARATION
Determination of Radionuclide Species in Natural Waters, Soils, and Sediments	117	(10)
D. Oughton
B. Salbu
I. Skipperud
Radiation Survey and Radionuclide Analysis of Radioactive Plumes from the Former Semipalatinsk Nuclear Test Site	127	(18)
O.I. Artemev
M.A. Akhmetov
V.N. Larin
L.D. Pittskaya
K. Sh. Zhumadilov
G.D. Silkina
S.B. Subbotin
Determination of 89Sr and 90Sr from Low- and Intermediate-Level Radioactive Liquid Waste	145	(8)
A. Vincze
J. Solymosi
P. Ormai
G. Volent
METHODS OF RETROSPECTIVE ESTIMATION OF THE ABSORBED DOSE IN ENVIRONMENTAL OBJECTS AND THE HUMAN BODY
Evaluation of Possible Radiation Exposures near the Semipalatinsk Nuclear Test Site	153	(8)
S.L. Simon
Technical Basis of Dose Reconstruction	161	(12)
L.R. Anspaugh
ESR Investigation of Environmental Objects from the Semipalatinsk Nuclear Test Site Region	173	(8)
S.P. Pivovarov
A.B. Rukhin
T.A. Seredavina
Monitoring the Marshall Islands for Residual Weapons Testing Fallout: Techniques and Findings	181	(10)
S.L. Simon
External Exposure Estimates for Individuals near the Nevada Test Site	191	(12)
R.W. Henderson
R.F. Smale
Comparative 239Pu Dose Assessment for Three Desert Sites: Maralinga, Australia; Palomares, Spain; and the Nevada Test Site, USA - Before and After Remedial Action	203	(18)
B.W. Church
Database Management of Radioecological Data for Dose Assessment	221	(2)
I.V. Khromushin
D.K. Daukeev
C.F.V. Mason
B. Scheber
Database of the Radioecological Situation at the Semipalatinsk Nuclear Test Site	223	(10)
K.K. Kadyrzhanov
S.B. Kislitsin
K.M. Kikkarin
A.T. Kuketaev
A.D. Lopuga
T.E. Turkebaev
Kh. Sirajet
MODERN METHODOLOGY AND EQUIPMENT FOR FIELD RADIOMETRY AND SPECTROMETRY
Methods and Equipment for Field Monitoring of Different Types of 137Cs Contamination, including Small, isolated Spots	233	(6)
O. Slavik
Georadioecological Mapping Problems at Nuclear Explosion Sites	239	(6)
D.N. Belyashov
Yu. A. Grinshtein
I.M. Khaikovich
Activation Analysis of Large Volume Soil Extract Samples	245	(8)
R. Gwozdz
F. Grass
G. Polikarpov
Yu. Kutlakhmedov
List of Authors	253