Summary

The Nursing Profession: Development, Challenges, and Opportunities is designed to be a resource for those who are interested in or touched by nursing. This book is designed in part to complement the report by the Institute of Medicine on the future of nursing. The editors attempt to capture the field in a single volume and to share the best thinking of those who study and practice it. Readers-whether researchers or practitioners, foundation or government officials, students, or simply lay people interested in nursing-should use this volume to gain a better understanding of the nursing profession and the issues with which those in the field and related fields are grappling. Major topics include: The history of nursing The nursing profession Current issues and challenges, including the nursing shortage, educating and training nurses, utilizing advanced practice nurses to their fullest, quality and cost, long-term care, community-based care, gender and power, and new areas for nursing A vision for the future The book begins with a comprehensive review of the nursing field by Diana Mason, the Rudin Professor of Nursing at the Hunter-Bellevue School of Nursing, City University of New York, and former editor-in-chief of the American Journal of Nursing. Mason's chapter is followed by reprints of twenty-five of the most influential or significant articles on nursing-some of them classic pieces dating back to Florence Nightingale, others presenting more current thinking on critical issues. This kind of source material is rarely found in one place.

Author Biography

Diana J. Mason, RN, PhD, FAAN, is the Rudin Professor of Nursing at Hunter College, City University of New York, where she co-directs the Center for Health, Media, and Policy. She is the former editor-in-chief of the American Journal of Nursing.

Stephen L. Isaacs, JD, is a partner in Isaacs/Jellinek, a San Francisco- based consulting firm, and president of Health Policy Associates, Inc.

David C. Colby, PhD, is vice president of research and evaluation at the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation.

Foreword ix
Risa Lavizzo-Mourey

Preface xi
Susan B. Hassmiller

Editors’ Introduction xiii
Diana J. Mason, Stephen L. Isaacs, and David C. Colby

Acknowledgments xv

REVIEW OF THE NURSING FIELD 1

AN ORIGINAL ARTICLE

THE NURSING PROFESSION: DEVELOPMENT, CHALLENGES, AND

OPPORTUNITIES 3
Diana J. Mason

THE HISTORY OF NURSING AND THE ROLE OF NURSES 83

REPRINTS

1. NOTES ON NURSING: WHAT IT IS, AND WHAT IT IS NOT 85
Florence Nightingale

2. THE NATURE OF NURSING 89
Virginia Henderson

3. A CARING DILEMMA: WOMANHOOD AND NURSING IN HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE 101
Susan Reverby

4. NURSING AS METAPHOR 115
Claire M. Fagin and Donna Diers

5. STAGES OF NURSING’S POLITICAL DEVELOPMENT: WHERE WE’VE BEEN AND WHERE WE OUGHT TO GO 119
Sally Solomon Cohen, Diana J. Mason, Christine Kovner, Judith K. Leavitt, Joyce Pulcini, and Julie Sochalski

6. KNOWLEDGE DEVELOPMENT IN NURSING: OUR HISTORICAL ROOTS AND FUTURE OPPORTUNITIES 133
Susan R. Gortner

NURSING EDUCATION AND TRAINING 149

REPRINTS

7. THE GOLDMARK REPORT 151

Committee on Nursing Education

8. CAREER PATHWAYS IN NURSING: ENTRY POINTS AND ACADEMIC PROGRESSION 169
C. Fay Raines and M. Elaine Taglaireni

9. NURSING THE GREAT SOCIETY: THE IMPACT OF THE NURSE TRAINING ACT OF 1964 181
Joan E. Lynaugh

ADVANCED PRACTICE NURSING 195

REPRINTS

10. ROLE AND QUALITY OF NURSE PRACTITIONER PRACTICE: A POLICY ISSUE 197
Connie Mullinix and Dawn P. Bucholtz

11. PRIMARY CARE OUTCOMES IN PATIENTS TREATED BY NURSE PRACTITIONERS OR PHYSICIANS: A RANDOMIZED TRIAL 207
Mary O. Mundinger, Robert L. Kane, Elizabeth R. Lenz, Annette M. Totten, Wei- Yann Tsai, Paul D. Cleary, William T. Friedewald, Albert L. Siu, and Michael L. Shelanski

12. NURSE- MIDWIVES AND NURSE ANESTHETISTS: THE CUTTING EDGE IN SPECIALIST PRACTICE 227
Donna Diers

13. LESSONS LEARNED FROM TESTING THE QUALITY COST MODEL OF ADVANCED PRACTICE NURSING (APN) TRANSITIONAL CARE 249
Dorothy Brooten, Mary D. Naylor, Ruth York, Linda P. Brown, Barbara
Hazard Munro, Andrea O. Hollingsworth, Susan M. Cohen, Steven Finkler, Janet Deatrick, and JoAnne M. Youngblut

14. REACHING CONSENSUS ON A REGULATORY MODEL: WHAT

DOES THIS MEAN FOR APRNs? 263
Joan M. Stanley

THE NURSING WORKFORCE/NURSING SHORTAGES 271

REPRINTS

15. IMPLICATIONS OF AN AGING REGISTERED NURSE WORKFORCE 273
Peter I. Buerhaus, Douglas O. Staiger, and David I. Auerbach

16. GLOBAL NURSE MIGRATION 287
Barbara L. Nichols, Catherine R. Davis, and Donna R. Richardson

QUALITY, SAFETY, AND COST 299

REPRINTS

17. NURSE- STAFFING LEVELS AND THE QUALITY OF CARE IN HOSPITALS 301
Jack Needleman, Peter I. Buerhaus, Soeren Mattke, Maureen Stewart, and Katya Zelevinsky

18. HOSPITAL NURSE STAFFING AND PATIENT MORTALITY, NURSE BURNOUT, AND JOB DISSATISFACTION 317
Linda H. Aiken, Sean P. Clarke, Douglas M. Sloane, Julie Sochalski,
and Jeffrey H. Silber

19. NURSE STAFFING IN HOSPITALS: IS THERE A BUSINESS CASE

FOR QUALITY? 331
Jack Needleman, Peter I. Buerhaus, Maureen Stewart, Katya Zelevinsky,

and Soeren Mattke

SPECIALTY PRACTICE IN NURSING 343

REPRINTS

20. LONG- TERM CARE POLICY ISSUES 345
Charlene Harrington

21. THE FUTURE OF HOME CARE 357
Karen Buhler-Wilkerson

22. FOLLOW THE MONEY: FUNDING STREAMS AND PUBLIC HEALTH NURSING 367
Kristine M. Gebbie

23. SWAMP NURSE 375
Katherine Boo

24. ROLE OF THE SCHOOL NURSE IN PROVIDING SCHOOL HEALTH SERVICES 393
American Academy of Pediatrics Council on School Health

Afterword 401
Donna E. Shalala and Linda Burnes Bolton

The Editors 403

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