Nursing Today : Transition and Trends

by Zerwekh & Claborn

• ISBN13: 9781416023135
• ISBN10: 1416023135
• Additional ISBN(s): 9780721696928
• Edition: 5th
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2005-12-21
• Publisher: Saunders
• More Book Details
• Purchase Benefits

Summary

Whether it's passing the NCLEX or surviving practice, the real world can leave even the best students scared and unprepared. That's why it's important that students learn the most up-to-date, relevant information on the challenges and opportunities they will face upon graduation. With new chapters, a new full-color design, and content covering the hottest topics in nursing today, students will discover that the 5th edition of this market-leading issues and trends text is an easy-to-use source for understanding the professional skills needed for practice. The NCLEX-RN and the New Graduate chapter is dedicated to success on the NCLEX-RN exam, including valuable tips on how to prepare for and pass the exam. The Employment Considerations: Opportunities, Resumes and Interviewing chapter combines in-depth coverage on seeking employment, resume writing, and interviewing techniques and prepares students to find and get the job they want. Updated content on effective communication and team building, conflict management, collective bargaining, and nursing informatics. Other outstanding features include lively cartoons, chapter objectives and exercises, boxed information, and critical thinking questions to keep students focused on pertinent information. Full-color design highlights important information and enhances visual appeal. Updated Table of Contents and streamlined organization improves the flow of material covered. New chapter on Mentoring and Preceptorship provides an in-depth look at strategies useful when assuming these roles in practice. New chapter on Nursing Theories includes discussion on nursing theorists, how nursing theory is used in practice, and the future of nursing theory. New chapter on Work Place Issues includes timely information on workplace advocacy, the nursing shortage, mandatory overtime, workplace safety, and bioterrorism. New chapter on Quality Patient Care focuses on quality management principles and their subsequent effect on both external and internal forces, and the role of the nurse in quality process improvement. New chapter on Cultural & Spiritual Awareness describes cultural competence and the principles of culturally competent care and how end-of-life issues impact nursing practice.

Table of Contents

Unit I Professional Growth and Transitions
Reality Shock	3	(22)
Transitions	5	(1)
What Are Transitions?	5	(1)
What Are Important Factors Influencing Transitions?	5	(1)
Transitions in Nursing	6	(1)
Reality Shock	6	(6)
What Is Reality Shock?	6	(1)
What Are the Phases of Reality Shock?	7	(5)
Role Transformation	12	(9)
When Does the Role Transition to Graduate Nurse Begin?	13	(2)
How Can I Prepare Myself for This Transition Process?	15	(1)
How Can I Prepare Myself for a Transition?	16	(5)
Conclusion	21	(4)
Self-Care Strategies	25	(18)
Is Burnout Inevitable for Nurses?	26	(1)
Empowerment and Self-Care	27	(5)
Suggested Strategies for Self-Care That Are Based on the Holistic Self-Assessment Tool	30	(1)
Am I Emotionally Healthy/Emotionally Intelligent?	31	(1)
What About Friends and Fun? How Do I Find the Time?	31	(1)
Self-Care	32	(6)
How Do I Take Care of my Physical Self?	32	(1)
Strategies to Foster my Spiritual Self: Does my Life Have Meaning?	33	(1)
How Do I Increase my Mental Potential? Is It Okay to Daydream?	33	(5)
What Are my Choices, and How Do I Exercise Them?	38	(1)
Conclusion	38	(5)
Unit II Career Development
Employment Considerations: Opportunities, Resumes, and Interviewing	43	(36)
What Is Happening in the Job Market?	44	(2)
Self-Assessment	46	(6)
What Are my Clinical Interests?	46	(1)
What Are my Likes and Dislikes?	47	(3)
What Are my Personal Needs and Interests?	50	(1)
What Are my Career Goals?	51	(1)
Researching Prospective Employers	52	(2)
What Employment Opportunities Are Available?	52	(1)
What About Advanced Degrees in Nursing?	53	(1)
How Do I Go About Researching Prospective Employers?	54	(2)
Employment Considerations: How Do You Decide on an Employer?	54	(2)
What Do I Need to Know to Assess the Organization?	56	(2)
How Do You Go About Assessing an Organization to Find What You Want?	56	(2)
Resume Writing	58	(6)
How Do I Write an Effective Resume?	58	(1)
What Information Is Necessary for a Resume?	59	(2)
What Else Should I Submit with my Resume?	61	(1)
What Are the Methods for Submitting Resumes?	61	(3)
What Is the Difference Between a Resume and a Curriculum Vitae?	64	(1)
The Interview Process	64	(3)
How Do I Plan my Interview Campaign?	64	(2)
Strategies for Interview Success	66	(1)
Critical First 5 Minutes!	67	(6)
Phases of the Interview	68	(1)
How Do I Handle Unexpected Questions or Situations?	69	(1)
Now Can We Talk About Benefits?	70	(3)
Job Offers and Possible Rejection	73	(3)
Postinterview Process	74	(1)
Follow-up Communication	74	(1)
What if I Do not Like my First Position?	75	(1)
What if It Is Time for Me to Change Positions?	76	(1)
Conclusion	76	(3)
Mentoring and Preceptorship	79	(12)
Historical Background	80	(1)
What Mentoring Is and Is not	80	(9)
How to Find a Mentor	83	(1)
What Are the Characteristics of a Successful Mentor?	83	(1)
What Is a Mentoring Moment?	84	(1)
When Do We Need Mentors?	84	(2)
What Is the Role of the Mentee?	86	(1)
What Are the Characteristics of a Mentee?	86	(1)
What Are the Types of Mentoring Relationships?	87	(1)
Mentoring Through Reality Shock	87	(1)
What Does the Future Hold?	88	(1)
Conclusion	89	(2)
NCLEX-RN and the New Graduate	91	(30)
The NCLEX-RN	92	(6)
Who Prepares It, and Why Do We Have to Have It?	92	(1)
How Will the Nurse Licensure Compact Affect Your License?	92	(1)
What Is the NCLEX-RN Test Plan?	93	(1)
What Does CAT Mean?	94	(3)
What Kind of Questions Will Be on the NCLEX?	97	(1)
What Are Some of Other Things I Really Need to Know About the NCLEX?	97	(1)
Preparing for the NCLEX-RN	98	(19)
Where and When Should I Start?	98	(3)
How Do I Select an NCLEX Review Course?	101	(4)
NCLEX-RN Review Books; Which One Is Right For You?	105	(2)
Test Anxiety: What Is the Disease? How Do You Get Rid of It?	107	(1)
What Kind of Questions Can I Expect on the NCLEX?	108	(3)
What Difference Do Test-Taking Strategies Make?	111	(2)
What Are Strategies for Answering Multiple-Choice Questions?	113	(3)
NCLEX Testing Tips	116	(1)
Conclusion	117	(4)
Unit III Nursing: A Developing Profession
Historical Perspectives: Influences of the Past	121	(20)
Nursing History: People and Places	122	(7)
Where Did It All Begin?	122	(1)
Why Deacons, Widows, and Virgins?	122	(1)
How Did Knighthood Contribute to Nursing?	123	(1)
What About Revolts and Nursing?	124	(1)
Florence Nightingale: The Legend and the Lady	125	(4)
American Nursing: Critical Factors	129	(2)
What Was It Like in Colonial Times?	129	(1)
What Happened to Nursing During the U.S. Civil War?	130	(1)
How Did the Roles of Nurses and Wives Compare During the Victorian Era?	130	(1)
Who Were the Reformers of the Victorian Era?	131	(1)
The Nurse's Role: The Struggle for Definitions	131	(8)
What Do Nurses Do?	131	(1)
What Is the Traditional Role of a Nurse?	132	(1)
Did You Know You Would Be a Teacher?	133	(1)
Who Will Advocate?	134	(2)
Why Are Nurses Managers?	136	(1)
Can Nurses Be Colleagues?	137	(1)
Where Does This Leave the Role of Colleague?	138	(1)
What About Experts?	138	(1)
Conclusion	139	(2)
Nursing Education	141	(18)
Path of Diploma Education	143	(1)
What Is the History of Diploma Nursing?	143	(1)
What Is the Educational Preparation of the Diploma Graduate?	143	(1)
Path of Associate-Degree Education	143	(2)
What Is the History of Associate-Degree Nursing?	143	(1)
What Is the Educational Preparation of the Associate-Degree Graduate?	144	(1)
Path of Baccalaureate Education	145	(1)
What Is the History of Baccalaureate Nursing?	145	(1)
What Is the Educational Preparation of the Baccalaureate Graduate?	146	(1)
Nontraditional Paths for Nursing Education	146	(1)
What About a Master's Degree as a Path to Becoming an RN?	146	(1)
What About a Doctoral Path to Becoming an RN?	147	(1)
Graduate Education	147	(4)
What About Graduate School?	147	(1)
What Is the History of Graduate Nursing Education?	147	(1)
Why Would I Want a Master's Degree?	148	(1)
How Do I Know Which Master's Degree Program Is Right for Me?	149	(1)
Why Would I Want a Doctoral Degree?	150	(1)
How Do I Know Which Doctoral Program Is Right for Me?	151	(1)
Other Types of Nursing Education	151	(2)
What Are the Other Available Education Options?	151	(1)
What Is a BSN-Completion Program?	152	(1)
Accreditation	153	(1)
Nursing Education: Future Trends	154	(3)
The Changing Student Profile	154	(2)
Educational Mobility	156	(1)
A Shortage of Qualified Nursing Faculty	156	(1)
Technology and Education	156	(1)
Changing Health Care Settings	157	(1)
The Aging Population	157	(1)
Conclusion	157	(2)
Nursing Theory	159	(20)
Nursing Theory	160	(7)
What Is Theory?	160	(1)
What Nursing Theory Is Not	160	(1)
Why Theory?	161	(1)
What Is the History of Nursing Theory?	162	(5)
Who Are the Nursing Theorists?	167	(10)
Selected Nursing Theorists	167	(10)
Conclusion	177	(2)
Image of Nursing: Influences of the Present	179	(28)
Image of Nursing	180	(9)
What Do We Mean by the ``Image'' of Nursing?	180	(2)
What Constitutes a Profession?	182	(2)
Is Nursing a Profession?	184	(5)
Nursing Organizations	189	(4)
What Should I Know About Professional Organizations?	189	(1)
What Organizations Are Available to the Recent Graduate?	189	(4)
Credentialing: Licensure and Certification	193	(4)
What Is Credentialing?	193	(1)
What Are Registration and Licensure?	194	(1)
What Is Certification?	194	(2)
Certification: Generalist or Specialist?	196	(1)
What Is Accreditation?	196	(1)
What Nursing Journals or Literature Are Available?	196	(1)
Contemporary Issues	197	(3)
What Is Going on in the Job Market?	197	(2)
What About Advanced-Practice Nursing?	199	(1)
Conclusion	200	(7)
Unit IV Nursing Management
Challenges of Nursing Management	207	(22)
Management Versus Leadership	208	(4)
What Is the Difference Between Management and Leadership?	208	(1)
What Is Meant by Management Style?	209	(1)
What Are the Characteristics and Theories of Leadership?	210	(2)
The Twenty-First Century: A Different Age for Management and for Leadership	212	(4)
Who Are the Silent or Veterans?	213	(1)
Who Are the Baby Boomers?	213	(1)
Who Is Generation X?	213	(1)
Who Is Generation Y?	214	(2)
Power and Authority in Nursing Management	216	(1)
Do You Know the Difference Between Power and Authority?	216	(1)
What Are the Different Types of Power?	216	(1)
Management Problem Solving	217	(4)
How Are Problem-Solving Strategies Used in Management?	217	(2)
How Do We Relate Problem Solving and Decision Making?	219	(1)
What Effect Does the Leader Have on the Group?	220	(1)
The Challenge of Change	221	(5)
Who Initiates Change and Why?	224	(2)
Conclusion	226	(3)
Effective Communication and Team Building	229	(42)
The Communication Process	230	(7)
What Are the Parts of the Communication Process?	230	(2)
What Are the Basic Principles of Effective Communication?	232	(1)
What Are Facilitative Messages?	233	(2)
What Are Obstructive Messages?	235	(2)
Communication in the Workplace	237	(7)
How Can I Communicate Effectively with my Supervisor?	237	(1)
How Can I Communicate Effectively with Other Nursing Personnel?	238	(1)
How Can I Communicate Effectively with Patient Care Assistants?	238	(2)
What Does my Image Communicate to Others?	240	(1)
How Do Sex Differences Influence Communication Styles?	241	(1)
What Should I Know About the ``Grapevine''?	242	(1)
How Can I Deal with Cultural Diversity at Work?	242	(2)
Components of Written Communication	244	(8)
How Can I Communicate Effectively in Writing?	244	(1)
How Can I Learn to Speak Effectively?	245	(1)
What Listening Skills Do I Need to Develop?	246	(2)
How Can I Use Nonverbal Communication Effectively?	248	(1)
What Skills Do I Need to Use the Telephone Effectively?	249	(1)
How Can I Communicate Effectively by Using Technology?	249	(3)
Group Communication	252	(5)
What Is Group Process?	252	(2)
How Can You Improve Communications in Group Meetings?	254	(1)
What Are the Responsibilities of a Group Leader?	255	(2)
Team Building	257	(5)
What Is Team Building?	257	(1)
When Nurses Work as a True Team, Everyone Involved Benefits!	258	(4)
Assertive Styles of Communication	262	(5)
Why Are Nurses not More Assertive?	263	(1)
What Are the Benefits of Assertiveness?	264	(1)
What Are my Basic Rights as a Person and as a Nurse?	264	(1)
How Can I Begin to Practice Assertive Communication?	264	(1)
What Are the Components of Assertive Communication?	265	(1)
When to Use Assertive Communication	266	(1)
Conclusion	267	(4)
Conflict Management	271	(18)
Conflict	272	(1)
What Causes Conflict?	272	(1)
What Are Some Common Areas of Conflict Between Nurses and Patients---and Between Nurses and Patients' Families?	273	(1)
Conflict Resolution	273	(4)
What Are Ways to Resolve Conflict?	273	(2)
What Are Some Basic Guidelines for Which Technique to Use?	275	(2)
Dealing with Difficult People	277	(8)
What Are Some Techniques for Handling Difficult People?	277	(4)
What Is Anger?	281	(2)
What Is the Solution for Dealing with Anger?	283	(2)
Sexual Harassment in the Workplace	285	(3)
What Is Sexual Harassment?	286	(1)
What Can I Do About It?	287	(1)
Conclusion	288	(1)
Time Management	289	(22)
Managing Time	290	(7)
Balance Is the Key	290	(1)
What Are Your Biologic Rhythms, and How Do You Use Them?	290	(1)
What Is Meant by Left- and Right-Brain Dominance, and Where Is my Brain?	291	(1)
How Can I Manage my Physical Environment?	292	(1)
What About All the Paperwork---How Can I Manage It?	293	(1)
What About Managing the Telephone?	294	(1)
What About All That E-Mail?	294	(1)
How Can I Deal with All the Interruptions?	295	(1)
How Can I Manage my Calendar?	295	(2)
Managing Tasks	297	(2)
How Do I Deal with Procrastination?	297	(2)
Managing Others	299	(1)
What About Delegation and Time Management?	300	(1)
Managing Your Goals	300	(2)
Begin by Listing	300	(1)
Prioritize with the ABCD System	300	(1)
Keep It Going	301	(1)
Managing Time in the Clinical Setting	302	(6)
Get Organized Before the Shift Report	302	(1)
Prioritize Your Care	302	(3)
Plan Time for Charting	305	(1)
Request Consistent Patient Assignments Whenever Possible	306	(1)
Organize Your Work by Patient	306	(1)
Develop and Use Assertive Communication	306	(1)
What About Delegating and Time Management?	306	(1)
How Do I Know What and When I Can Delegate?	307	(1)
Conclusion	308	(3)
Delegation in the Clinical Setting	311	(22)
What Does Delegation Mean?	312	(2)
Who Is Accountable Here?	314	(1)
The Right Task	315	(3)
What Can I Delegate?	316	(1)
Is There Anything I Cannot Delegate?	316	(2)
The Right Person	318	(3)
How Can I Use Outcomes in Delegating?	319	(2)
The Right Circumstances	321	(3)
How Can I Determine the Strengths and Weaknesses of Team Members?	321	(1)
What Are the Causes of Performance Weaknesses?	322	(2)
The Right Communication	324	(2)
How Can I Get the Delegate to Understand What I Want?	324	(2)
The Right Feedback	326	(3)
How Can I Effectively Give and Receive Feedback?	326	(3)
Conclusion	329	(4)
Unit V Current Issues in Health Care
The Health Care Organization and Patterns of Nursing Care Delivery	333	(26)
What Are Some Important Challenges Currently Facing Health Care?	334	(1)
Reduction in Costs	334	(1)
How Does Managed Care Change Reimbursement Patterns?	334	(1)
What Is the Impact of Managed Care on Health Care Entities?	335	(1)
What Is Meant by Integrated Health Care Delivery Systems?	336	(1)
How Does Case Management Support Managed Care?	336	(3)
What Tools Are Used to Support Case Management?	339	(3)
Evidence-Based Practice	342	(1)
How Do We Know That Critical Pathways and Disease-Management Protocols Reflect the Latest and Best Practice?	342	(1)
Shortage of Nurses	343	(3)
What Can Be Done to Recruit Nurses to the Profession?	344	(1)
How Can Health Care Organizations Retain Nurses?	344	(2)
Patient Safety	346	(3)
What Are the Effects of Various Patterns of Nursing Care Delivery?	349	(8)
What Is the Total Patient Care or Private Duty Model?	349	(1)
What Is Functional Nursing?	350	(1)
What Is Team Nursing?	351	(1)
What Is Primary Nursing?	352	(1)
What Is Patient-Focused Care?	353	(1)
What Is the Most Effective Model of Nursing Care?	353	(1)
What Is the Impact of Staffing Patterns on the Quality of Care?	353	(1)
How Are Nursing Work Assignments Determined?	354	(2)
What About Scheduling Patterns?	356	(1)
What About the Use of Overtime?	356	(1)
Conclusion	357	(2)
Economics of the Health Care Delivery System	359	(18)
What Are the Trends Affecting the Rising Costs of Health Care?	360	(2)
Intrinsic Factors	360	(1)
Extrinsic Factors	360	(2)
What Is the Effect of Changing Clinical Practice on Economics?	362	(1)
Introduction to Economics	362	(2)
What Are the Choices About Amount of Spending?	362	(1)
What Are the Choices About Services to Provide?	362	(2)
What Are the Choices About Methods to Produce Health Care?	364	(3)
What Are Choices About Allocation?	364	(3)
Budgets	367	(8)
What Are the Basic Concepts of Budgets?	367	(1)
What Are the Types of Budgets?	368	(4)
Fiscal Responsibility to the Patient	372	(1)
Fiscal Responsibility to the Employing Institution	373	(2)
Conclusion	375	(2)
Political Action in Nursing	377	(24)
What Exactly Is Politics?	379	(3)
What Other Strategies Would You Suggest?	381	(1)
What Are the Skills That Make up a Nurse's Political Savvy?	381	(1)
What Is Power, and Where Does It Come from?	382	(2)
Law 1: Power Invariably Fills Any Vacuum	382	(1)
Law 2: Power Is Invariably Personal	382	(1)
Law 3: Power Is Based on a System of Ideas and Philosophy	383	(1)
Law 4: Power Is Exercised Through and Depends on Institutions	383	(1)
Law 5: Power Is Invariably Confronted with and Acts in the Presence of a Field of Responsibility	383	(1)
Another Way to Look at Power and Where to Get It	383	(1)
Networking Among Colleagues	384	(1)
Building Coalitions	385	(10)
What About Trade-offs, Compromises, Negotiations, and Other Tricks of the Trade?	385	(1)
How Do I Go About Participating in the Election Process?	386	(1)
What Is a Political Action Committee?	387	(3)
After Getting Them Elected, Then What?	390	(5)
Controversial Political Issues Affecting Nursing	395	(3)
Proposed Uniform Core Licensure Requirements	395	(1)
Nursing and Collective Bargaining	396	(1)
Equal Pay for Work of Comparable Value or Comparable Worth?	397	(1)
Conclusion	398	(3)
Collective Bargaining: Traditional and Non-Traditional Approaches	401	(24)
When Did the Issue of Collective Bargaining Begin?	402	(2)
The Evolution of Collective Bargaining in Nursing	404	(1)
Who Represents Collective Bargaining in Nursing?	404	(4)
Non-Traditional Collective Bargaining	404	(2)
CAN and UAN: What Are the Common Issues?	406	(2)
The Debate over Collective Bargaining	408	(12)
Collective Bargaining: Perspectives of the Traditional Approach	408	(6)
How Can Nurses Control Their Own Practice?	414	(2)
Collective Bargaining: Perspectives of the Non-Traditional Approach	416	(4)
Future Trends	420	(1)
What Lies Ahead?	420	(1)
Conclusion	421	(4)
Ethical Issues	425	(30)
Understanding Ethics	426	(27)
What Are Your Values?	426	(3)
Moral/Ethical Principles	429	(12)
Controversial Ethical Issues Confronting Nursing	441	(12)
Conclusion	453	(2)
Legal Issues	455	(50)
Sources of Law	457	(2)
Where Does ``the Law'' Come from?	457	(2)
Court Actions Based on Legal Principles	459	(1)
Legal Control over Nursing Practice	460	(4)
What Are the Legal Aspects of Licensure?	461	(2)
What About the Impaired Nurse?	463	(1)
Who Knows About the Disciplinary Actions Against Nurses?	463	(1)
Torts	464	(1)
Nursing Malpractice	464	(22)
Legal Commentary	465	(1)
Basic Elements of Malpractice	465	(5)
Applying ``Causation'' to the Case Study	470	(3)
Who Might Have Liability (Responsibility) in a Claim?	473	(3)
What Defenses Might Be Available in Malpractice Claims?	476	(1)
What Evidence Can Help Me in a Lawsuit?	476	(4)
How Can I Avoid a Malpractice Claim?	480	(6)
Intentional Torts	486	(5)
Invasion of Privacy and Breaches of Privilege and Confidentiality	487	(2)
Miscellaneous Intentional Torts and Other Civil Rights Claims Involved with Employment	489	(1)
What Is a Defense to Intentional Torts?	489	(2)
Criminal Actions	491	(1)
What Criminal Acts Pose a Risk to the Nurse?	491	(1)
Risk Management and Quality Improvement	492	(5)
How Do I Protect Myself and my Patient from All These Risks?	492	(2)
Malpractice Insurance	494	(1)
What About Individual Malpractice Insurance?	494	(1)
What Is Institutional Coverage?	495	(1)
What Should I Ask About Institutional Coverage?	495	(1)
What Happens When I Go to Court?	496	(1)
Controversial Legal Issues Affecting Nursing	497	(3)
Health Care Costs and Payment Issues	497	(2)
Health Care Delivery Issues	499	(1)
Issues About Life-and-Death Decisions	499	(1)
Conclusion	500	(5)
Unit VI Contemporary Nursing Practice
Cultural and Spiritual Awareness	505	(16)
Culture and Spirituality	506	(4)
What Is Meant by Cultural Competence?	506	(1)
What Practice Issues Are Related to Cultural Competence?	506	(3)
What Is the Meaning of Spirituality?	509	(1)
Cultural and Spiritual Assessment	510	(6)
What Are Cultural and Spiritual Beliefs About Illness and Cures?	510	(4)
How Do You Assess Spiritual Need?	514	(2)
Conclusion	516	(5)
Quality Patient Care	521	(30)
Standards of Quality Health Care Management	522	(2)
What Is Root Cause Analysis?	522	(2)
What is FMEA?	524	(1)
History and Evolution of Quality in Health Care	524	(4)
Who Is Edward Deming?	525	(1)
Who Is Joseph M. Juran?	526	(1)
Who Is Phillip Crosby?	526	(2)
Just What Is the JCAHO?	528	(2)
What Are Patient Safety Goals?	528	(2)
Monitoring Quality of Health Care	530	(5)
What Is Quality Assurance?	530	(2)
How Do We Monitor Quality?	532	(1)
What Is an Indicator and a Metric?	532	(1)
What Are Key Indicators?	532	(2)
What Is Performance Improvement?	534	(1)
What Are the Barriers to Quality Improvement?	534	(1)
Quality Improvement Methods	535	(1)
Tools and Processes for Continuous Quality Improvement	536	(2)
What Is Six Sigma?	536	(2)
How Do We Use DMAIC?	538	(12)
The Define Phase	540	(1)
The Measure Phase	541	(5)
The Analyze Phase	546	(1)
The Improve Phase	546	(1)
The Control Phase	547	(3)
Health Care Provider Credentialing for Quality Improvement	550	(1)
Conclusion	550	(1)
Nursing Informatics	551	(22)
Nursing Informatics	552	(5)
What Is Nursing Informatics?	552	(1)
The Certification Process	553	(1)
System Life Cycle	554	(1)
Human Factors	555	(2)
Information Technology	557	(1)
Information Management and Knowledge Generation	557	(1)
Professional Practice, Trends, and Issues	557	(4)
What Are Regulatory and Accreditation Requirements?	557	(2)
JCAHO	559	(1)
Ethics	559	(1)
Models and Theories	560	(1)
Clinical Information Systems	561	(4)
What Is a Clinical Information System (CIS)?	562	(1)
What Is the Computerized Patient Record (CPR)?	562	(3)
What Is e-Health?	565	(1)
Trends	566	(1)
Using the Internet: The Next Generation of Health Care Delivery	566	(2)
e-Mail	568	(1)
Personal Digital Assistants (PDAs)	568	(1)
What Can a PDA Do to Help Me?	568	(1)
Evaluating Internet Resources	569	(1)
What Do I Need to Know to Evaluate an Internet Resource?	569	(1)
Conclusion	570	(3)
Using Nursing Research in Practice	573	(12)
The Need for Nursing Practice Based on Research	574	(1)
What Is Nursing Research Utilization	574	(5)
What Are the Steps for Nursing Research Utilization?	574	(4)
Research Utilization: What Is It Not?	578	(1)
A Comparison of Process: Research Utilization Compared with Nursing Research and the Conduct of Research	579	(1)
How Is the Use of Research in Practice Different from Conducting Research?	579	(1)
What Is the Relationship Between Nursing Theory and Research Utilization?	580	(1)
Defining Your Practice Context	581	(2)
What Are the Health, Social, and Ethical Characteristics of the Patient Population Being Served?	581	(1)
What Are the Health Care Delivery Characteristics of Your Setting?	581	(1)
What Are the Motivators and Barriers for Incorporating Nursing Research into Your Practice?	581	(1)
What Is Evidence-Based Practice?	582	(1)
The National Institute of Nursing Research	583	(1)
What Is Its Function?	583	(1)
The Agency for Health Care Research and Quality	584	(1)
What Is Its Function?	584	(1)
Conclusion	584	(1)
Workplace Issues	585	(16)
Questions to Ask When Starting a New Position	586	(1)
Ergonomic Hazards for Health Care Workers	586	(2)
Bioterrorism	588	(5)
Workplace Violence: A Growing Concern in Health Care	593	(2)
Miscellaneous Workplace Issues	595	(1)
Dealing with Staffing Shortages	596	(4)
Conclusion	600	(1)
Appendix A: Boards of Nursing	601	(8)
Appendix B: National Nursing Organizations	609	(8)
Appendix C: American Nurses Association Constituent Member Associations	617	(10)
Appendix D: Canadian Nursing Organizations	627	(2)
Index	629