Nutritional Support For Adults And Children

by Bowling; Tim

• ISBN13: 9781857758313
• ISBN10: 1857758315
• Format: Nonspecific Binding
• Copyright: 2004-01-05
• Publisher: CRC Press

Summary

Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham, UK. Provides concise, practical information on all aspects of nutrition for adults and children. Aimed at hospital nursing staff and includes such topics as undernutrition, nutritional assessment, methods of nutritional support, nutritional support in disease-specific situations, peri-operative nutritional support, and more. Softcover.

Table of Contents

Forewords	p. vii
Preface	p. xi
List of contributors	p. xii
Acknowledgements	p. xiii
Introduction to undernutrition	p. 1
Introduction	p. 3
Undernutrition	p. 5
Incidence	p. 5
Consequences of nutritional deficiencies	p. 5
Risk factors for undernutrition	p. 5
Adults	p. 7
Nutritional assessment	p. 9
Introduction	p. 9
Methods of assessment	p. 9
Weight loss
Body mass index	p. 10
Anthropometry	p. 10
Dietary considerations	p. 12
Clinical considerations	p. 12
Biochemical measurements	p. 12
Nutritional screening	p. 13
Nutritional requirements	p. 17
Introduction	p. 17
Energy	p. 17
'Rule of thumb'	p. 18
The Harris Benedict equation	p. 18
The Schofield equation	p. 18
Protein	p. 20
Carbohydrates	p. 21
Fat	p. 29
Water and electrolytes	p. 29
Vitamins, minerals and trace elements	p. 29
Methods of nutritional support	p. 31
Introduction	p. 31
Oral nutritional support	p. 32
Food	p. 32
Oral supplements	p. 33
Enteral tube feeding	p. 38
Choice of enteral tube feed	p. 38
Routes for enteral feeding	p. 43
Drug administration via an enteral feeding tube	p. 61
Complications of enteral feeding	p. 63
Parenteral feeding	p. 68
Definition	p. 68
Indications	p. 68
Routes	p. 69
Practical considerations	p. 71
Monitoring	p. 73
Complications	p. 73
Discontinuing PN	p. 80
Drug-nutrient interactions	p. 82
Factors influencing drug-nutrient interactions	p. 82
Types of drug-nutrient interactions	p. 82
Peri-operative nutritional support	p. 85
Introduction	p. 85
Rationale	p. 85
Indications	p. 86
Pre-operative feeding: parenteral/enteral	p. 86
Post-operative feeding: parenteral/enteral	p. 86
Peri-operative oral nutritional supplements	p. 88
Popular myths	p. 88
Nutritional support in disease-specific situations	p. 91
Acute pancreatitis	p. 91
Nutritional support in the critically ill patient	p. 92
Nutrition in burn injury	p. 97
Renal disease	p. 100
Diabetes mellitus	p. 104
Inflammatory bowel disease	p. 106
Liver disease	p. 107
Short bowel syndrome	p. 109
Acute stroke	p. 114
Hyperemesis gravidarum	p. 116
Children	p. 117
Paediatric nutritional assessment	p. 119
Introduction	p. 119
Methods of assessment	p. 119
Nutritional intake	p. 119
Weight/height/head circumference measurements	p. 120
Percentage weight loss	p. 121
Body mass index	p. 122
Height for age and weight for height	p. 123
Anthropometry	p. 124
Clinical assessment	p. 126
Biochemical measurements	p. 126
Nutritional screening	p. 126
Paediatric nutritional requirements	p. 127
Requirements of healthy children	p. 127
Requirements of sick children	p. 127
Requirements of children with low energy expenditure	p. 127
Methods of nutritional support	p. 131
Introduction	p. 131
Oral nutritional support	p. 131
Food	p. 131
Oral supplements	p. 132
Enteral feeding	p. 135
Choice of enteral diets	p. 135
Routes for enteral feeding	p. 135
Practical considerations for enteral feeding	p. 142
Drug administration via an enteral feeding tube	p. 144
Complications of enteral feeding	p. 144
Parenteral feeding	p. 146
Indications	p. 146
Routes, monitoring and complications	p. 147
Discontinuing PN	p. 147
Nutritional support in disease-specific situations	p. 149
Cystic fibrosis	p. 149
Neonatal surgery	p. 150
Gastrointestinal disorders	p. 151
Cow's milk protein intolerance	p. 151
Toddler diarrhoea	p. 151
Constipation	p. 152
Coeliac disease	p. 152
Inflammatory bowel disease	p. 153
Short bowel syndrome	p. 153
Liver disease	p. 154
Renal disease	p. 155
Haematology/oncology	p. 157
Neurodisability	p. 158
The premature newborn	p. 160
Critical illness	p. 162
Ethics of nutritional support	p. 165
Ethics of nutritional support	p. 167
Introduction	p. 167
Ethical principles applied to nutrition	p. 167
Competence	p. 168
Withholding and withdrawing nutritional support	p. 170
Nutritional support in specific situations	p. 171
Dementia	p. 171
Anorexia nervosa	p. 171
Cancer	p. 171
Considerations in paediatric practice	p. 171
Index	p. 173
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