Occupational Safety and Health for Technologists, Engineers, and Managers

by Goetsch, David L.

• ISBN13: 9780131137646
• ISBN10: 0131137646
• Additional ISBN(s): 9780130310439, 9780132282970, 9780132397605
• Edition: 5th
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 2008-01-01
• Publisher: PRENTICE HALL
• More Book Details
• Purchase Benefits

Summary

With an eye on the future and a finger on the pulse of today's rapid changes due to global competition, this straightforward, state-of-the-art guide addresses the key issues, concerns, and factors relating specifically to modern workplace environments in the safety and health professions. Highly functional in content and approach, it draws immediate connections between principles and their practices in real-world settings, includes the latest OSHA standards, and approaches safety and health issues from the perspective of Total Quality Management (TQM) and global competitiveness. The author examines accidents and their effects, theories of accident causation, the OSHA Act, standards, and liability, workers' compensation, ergonomic hazards, mechanical hazards and machine safeguarding, falling, impact, acceleration, industrial hygiene, safety analysis and prevention, accident investigation and reporting, ethics and safety, safety, health, and competition in the global marketplace and violence in the workplace. For safety directors and managers.

Table of Contents

Safety and Health Movement, Then and Now	1	(18)
Developments Before the Industrial Revolution	2	(1)
Milestones in the Safety Movement	3	(2)
Tragedies That Have Changed the Safety Movement	5	(3)
Role of Organized Labor	8	(1)
Role of Specific Health Problems	9	(2)
Development of Accident Prevention Programs	11	(1)
Development of Safety Organizations	12	(2)
Safety and Health Movement Today	14	(1)
Integrated Approach to Safety and Health	14	(1)
New Materials, New Processes, and New Problems	15	(1)
Rapid Growth in the Profession	16	(3)
Accidents and Their Effects	19	(17)
Costs of Accidents	20	(1)
Accidental Deaths in the United States	21	(1)
Accidents versus Other Causes of Death	22	(1)
Work Accident Costs and Rates	22	(1)
Time Lost Because of Work Injuries	23	(1)
Deaths in Work Accidents	24	(1)
Work Injuries by Type of Accident	24	(1)
Death Rates by Industry	25	(1)
Parts of the Body Injured on the Job	26	(1)
Chemical Burn Injuries	26	(1)
Heat Burn Injuries	27	(1)
Repetitive Strain/Soft-Tissue Injuries	28	(1)
Estimating the Cost of Accidents	29	(7)
Theories of Accident Causation	36	(25)
Domino Theory of Accident Causation	37	(2)
Human Factors Theory of Accident Causation	39	(3)
Accident/Incident Theory of Accident Causation	42	(3)
Epidemiological Theory of Accident Causation	45	(2)
Systems Theory of Causation	47	(3)
Combination Theory of Accident Causation	50	(2)
Behavioral Theory of Accident Causation	52	(1)
Drugs and Accident Causation	53	(1)
Depression and Accident Causation	54	(1)
Management Failures and Accident Causation	55	(6)
The OSH Act, Standards, and Liability	61	(62)
Rationale for the OSH Act	62	(1)
OSHA's Mission and Purpose	62	(1)
OSH Act Coverage	63	(1)
OSHA Standards	64	(6)
OSHA's Record Keeping and Reporting	70	(7)
Keeping Employees Informed	77	(1)
Workplace Inspections and Enforcement	78	(1)
OSHA's Enhanced Enforcement Policy	79	(1)
Citations and Penalties	80	(2)
Appeals Process	82	(1)
State-Level OSHA Programs	83	(3)
Services Available from OSHA	86	(3)
Employer Rights and Responsibilities	89
Employee Rights and Responsibilities	80	(12)
Keeping Up to Date on OSHA	92	(1)
Problems with OSHA	92	(1)
Other Agencies and Organizations	93	(6)
OSHA's General Industry Standards	99	(9)
OSHA's Maritime Standards	108	(3)
OSHA's Construction Standards	111	(1)
Standards and Codes	112	(1)
Laws and Liability	112	(11)
Workers' Compensation	123	(36)
Overview of Workers' Compensation	123	(3)
Historical Perspective	126	(2)
Workers' Compensation Legislation	128	(1)
Modern Workers' Compensation	129	(3)
Workers' Compensation Insurance	132	(2)
Resolution of Workers' Compensation Disputes	134	(1)
Injuries and Workers' Compensation	134	(2)
Disabilities and Workers' Compensation	136	(5)
Monetary Benefits of Workers' Compensation	141	(2)
Medical Treatment and Rehabilitation	143	(1)
Medical Management of Workplace Injuries	144	(1)
Administration and Case Management	145	(1)
Cost Allocation	146	(1)
Problems with Workers' Compensation	147	(1)
Spotting Workers' Compensation Fraud and Abuse	148	(1)
Future of Workers' Compensation	149	(2)
Cost-Reduction Strategies	151	(8)
Ergonomic Hazards: Musculoskeletal Disorders (MSDs) and Cumulative Trauma Disorders (CTDs)	159	(40)
Ergonomics Defined	160	(1)
Human Factors and Ergonomic Hazards	161	(1)
Factors Associated with Physical Stress	162	(2)
Ergonomics: A Political Football	164	(1)
OSHA's Voluntary Ergonomics Guidelines	165	(5)
Worksite Analysis Program for Ergonomics	170	(4)
Hazard Prevention and Control	174	(1)
Medical Management Program	175	(4)
Training and Education	179	(1)
Common Indicators of Problems	180	(1)
Identifying Specific Ergonomic Problems	181	(2)
Ergonomic Problem-Solving Strategies	183	(6)
Economics of Ergonomics	189	(2)
Cumulative Trauma Disorders (CTDs)	191	(8)
Stress and Safety	199	(14)
Workplace Stress Defined	199	(1)
Sources of Workplace Stress	200	(3)
Human Reactions to Workplace Stress	203	(1)
Measurement of Workplace Stress	204	(1)
Shift Work, Stress, and Safety	205	(1)
Improving Safety by Reducing Workplace Stress	206	(2)
Stress in Safety Managers	208	(1)
Stress and Workers' Compensation	209	(4)
Mechanical Hazards and Machine Safeguarding	213	(26)
Common Mechanical Injuries	214	(3)
Safeguarding Defined	217	(1)
OSHA's Requirements for Machine Guarding	218	(1)
Risk Assessment in Machine Operation	218	(2)
Requirements for All Safeguards	220	(1)
Point-of-Operation Guards	221	(1)
Point-of-Operation Devices	222	(2)
Machine Guarding Self-Assessment	224	(4)
Feeding and Ejection Systems	228	(1)
Robot Safeguards	228	(1)
Control of Hazardous Energy (Lockout/Tagout Systems)	229	(6)
General Precautions	235	(1)
Basic Program Content	235	(1)
Taking Corrective Action	236	(3)
Falling, Impact, Acceleration, Lifting, and Vision Hazards	239	(38)
Causes of Falls	240	(1)
Kinds of Falls	240	(1)
Walking and Slipping	241	(2)
Slip and Fall Prevention Programs	243	(2)
OSHA Fall Protection Standards	245	(3)
Ladder Safety	248	(3)
Impact and Acceleration Hazards	251	(8)
Lifting Hazards	259	(3)
Standing Hazards	262	(3)
Hand Protection	265	(2)
Personal Protective Equipment	267	(2)
Forklift Safety (Powered Industrial Trucks)	269	(8)
Hazards of Temperature Extremes	277	(17)
Thermal Comfort	277	(1)
Heat Stress and Strain	278	(4)
Cold Stress	282	(4)
Burns and Their Effects	286	(2)
Chemical Burns	288	(6)
Pressure Hazards	294	(17)
Pressure Hazards Defined	294	(2)
Sources of Pressure Hazards	296	(1)
Boilers and Pressure Hazards	297	(1)
High-Temperature Water Hazards	297	(1)
Hazards of Unfired Pressure Vessels	298	(1)
Hazards of High-Pressure Systems	299	(1)
Cracking Hazards in Pressure Vessels	299	(2)
Nondestructive Testing of Pressure Vessels	301	(1)
Pressure Dangers to Humans	302	(1)
Decompression Procedures	303	(1)
Measurement of Pressure Hazards	304	(2)
Reducing Pressure Hazards	306	(5)
Electrical Hazards	311	(22)
Electrical Hazards Defined	312	(3)
Sources of Electrical Hazards	315	(4)
Electrical Hazards to Humans	319	(1)
Detection of Electrical Hazards	320	(1)
Reducing Electrical Hazards	321	(4)
OSHA's Electrical Standards	325	(1)
Electrical Safety Program	326	(1)
Electrical Hazards Self-Assessment	327	(6)
Fire Hazards and Life Safety	333	(33)
Fire Hazards Defined	334	(4)
Sources of Fire Hazards	338	(4)
Fire Dangers to Humans	342	(1)
Detection of Fire Hazards	342	(1)
Reducing Fire Hazards	343	(6)
Development of Fire Safety Standards	349	(1)
OSHA Fire Standards	350	(1)
Life Safety	350	(4)
Flame-Resistant Clothing	354	(1)
Fire Safety Programs	355	(2)
Explosive Hazards	357	(2)
OSHA's Firefighting Options	359	(1)
Self-Assessment in Fire Protection	360	(6)
Industrial Hygiene: Toxic Substances and Confined Spaces	366	(57)
Overview of Industrial Hygiene	367	(1)
Industrial Hygiene Standards	368	(1)
OSH Act and Industrial Hygiene	368	(4)
Hazards in the Workplace	372	(3)
Toxic Substances Defined	375	(1)
Entry Points for Toxic Agents	375	(2)
Effects of Toxic Substances	377	(1)
Relationship of Doses and Responses	378	(2)
Airborne Contaminants	380	(1)
Effects of Airborne Toxics	381	(2)
Effects of Carcinogens	383	(1)
Asbestos Hazards	383	(4)
Indoor Air Quality and the ``Sick-Building'' Syndrome	387	(2)
Toxic Mold and Indoor Air Quality	389	(1)
Threshold Limit Values	390	(3)
Hazard Recognition and Evaluation	393	(1)
Prevention and Control	394	(5)
NIOSH and Industrial Hygiene	399	(1)
NIOSH Guidelines for Respirators	399	(3)
Standards and Regulations	402	(4)
General Safety Precautions	406	(1)
Confined Spaces Hazards	406	(3)
OSHA Confined Space Standard	409	(5)
OSHA Standards for Toxic and Hazardous Materials	414	(1)
OSHA's Hazard Communication Standard	415	(8)
Radiation Hazards	423	(22)
Ionizing Radiation: Terms and Concepts	424	(1)
Exposure of Employees to Radiation	425	(1)
Precautions and Personal Monitoring	426	(1)
Caution Signs and Labels	427	(1)
Evacuation Warning Signal	427	(1)
Instructing and Informing Personnel	428	(1)
Storage and Disposal of Radioactive Material	429	(1)
Notification of Incidents	429	(1)
Reports and Records of Overexposure	430	(1)
Notice to Employees	431	(3)
Nonionizing Radiation	434	(3)
Electromagnetic Fields in the Workplace	437	(3)
OSHA Standards for Health and Environmental Controls	440	(5)
Noise and Vibration Hazards	445	(33)
Hearing Loss Prevention Terms	446	(1)
Characteristics of Sound	447	(2)
Hazard Levels and Risks	449	(1)
Standards and Regulations	450	(7)
Workers' Compensation and Noise Hazards	457	(1)
Identifying and Assessing Hazardous Noise Conditions	457	(2)
Noise Control Strategies	459	(5)
Vibration Hazards	464	(3)
Other Effects of Noise Hazards	467	(1)
Corporate Policy	468	(2)
Evaluating Hearing Loss Prevention Programs	470	(8)
Preparing for Emergencies and Terrorism	478	(30)
Rationale for Emergency Preparation	479	(1)
Emergency Planning and Community Right-to-Know Act	480	(1)
Organization and Coordination	481	(1)
OSHA Standards	482	(1)
First Aid in Emergencies	483	(3)
How to Plan for Emergencies	486	(3)
Evacuation Planning	489	(4)
Customizing Plans to Meet Local Needs	493	(1)
Emergency Response	493	(1)
Computers and Emergency Response	494	(2)
Dealing with the Psychological Trauma of Emergencies	496	(2)
Recovering from Disasters	498	(2)
Terrorism in the Workplace	500	(8)
Computers, Automation, and Robots	508	(23)
Impact of Automation on the Workplace	508	(1)
VDTs in Offices and Factories	509	(3)
Human-Robot Interaction	512	(1)
Safety and Health Problems Associated with Robots	513	(2)
Safety and Health in Office Automation	515	(4)
Industrial Medicine and Robots	519	(2)
Technological Alienation in the Automated Workplace	521	(1)
Minimizing the Problems of Automation	522	(2)
Challenge for the Future	524	(7)
Ethics and Safety	531	(18)
An Ethical Dilemma	532	(1)
Ethics Defined	533	(2)
Ethical Behavior in Organizations	535	(1)
Safety and Health Professionals' Role in Ethics	535	(2)
Company's Role in Ethics	537	(3)
Handling Ethical Dilemmas	540	(1)
Questions to Ask When Making Decisions	541	(1)
Ethics and Whistle-Blowing	542	(7)
Bloodborne Pathogens in the Workplace	549	(28)
Facts about AIDS	550	(1)
Symptoms of AIDS	550	(2)
AIDS in the Workplace	552	(2)
Legal Concerns	554	(4)
AIDS Education	558	(1)
Counseling Infected Employees	559	(2)
Easing Employees' Fears about AIDS	561	(1)
Protecting Employees from AIDS	562	(2)
Hepatitis B (HBV) and Hepatitis C (HCV) in the Workplace	564	(4)
OSHA's Standard on Occupational Exposure to Bloodborne Pathogens	568	(4)
Preventing and Responding to Needlestick Injuries	572	(5)
Safety Analysis, Prevention, and Management	577	(29)
Overview of Hazard Analysis	578	(1)
Preliminary Hazard Analysis	579	(1)
Detailed Hazard Analysis	580	(10)
Hazard Prevention and Deterrence	590	(2)
OSHA Process Safety Standard	592	(3)
Risk Assessment	595	(2)
Safety Management Concerns	597	(3)
Best Practices in Safety Management	600	(6)
Accident Investigation and Reporting	606	(20)
Types of Accident Investigations	607	(1)
When to Investigate	607	(1)
What to Investigate	608	(3)
Who Should Investigate	611	(1)
Conducting the Investigation	611	(3)
Interviewing Witnesses	614	(3)
Reporting Accidents	617	(9)
Promoting Safety	626	(21)
Company Safety Policy	627	(1)
Safety Rules and Regulations	628	(1)
Employee Participation in Promoting Safety	629	(1)
Safety Training	629	(1)
Suggestion Programs	630	(1)
Visual Awareness	630	(3)
Safety Committees	633	(2)
Gaining a Personal Commitment	635	(1)
Employee-Management Participation	636	(1)
Incentives	637	(1)
Competition	638	(1)
Company-Sponsored Wellness Programs	639	(1)
Teamwork Approach to Promoting Safety	640	(7)
Safety and Health Training	647	(41)
Rationale for Safety and Health Training	648	(4)
Education and Training Requirements	652	(4)
Safety and Health Professionals as Trainers	656	(2)
Preparing Safety and Health Instruction	658	(3)
Presenting Safety and Health Instruction	661
Applying Safety and Health Instruction	658	(10)
Evaluating Safety and Health Instruction	668	(1)
Training Supervisors	669	(1)
Training New and Transferred Employees	670	(3)
Job Safety Analysis as a Training Technique	673	(3)
Training Opportunities Available	676	(2)
Illiteracy and Safety	678	(3)
English as a Second Language Training Issues	681	(2)
OSHA Standards and Training	683	(5)
Environmental Safety and ISO 14000 (Environmental Management)	688	(46)
Safety, Health, and the Environment	689	(1)
Legislation and Regulation	690	(3)
Types of Environments	693	(1)
Role of Safety and Health Professionals	694	(1)
Hazards of the Environment	695	(4)
Hazardous Waste Reduction	699	(8)
Environmental Management System (EMS)	707	(6)
International Organization for Standardization (ISO)	713	(1)
ISO 14000	714	(1)
ISO 14000 Series of Standards	714	(2)
ISO 14001 Standard	716	(12)
ISO 14000 Success Story	728	(6)
Product Safety and Liability	734	(19)
Product Liability and the Law	735	(5)
Developing a Product Safety Program	740	(2)
Evaluating the Product Safety Program	742	(1)
Role of the Safety and Health Professional	743	(1)
Quality Management and Product Safety	744	(2)
Product Safety Program Record Keeping	746	(1)
User Feedback Collection and Analysis	747	(1)
Product Literature and Safety	748	(5)
Roles and Professional Certifications for Safety and Health Personnel	753	(32)
Modern Safety and Health Teams	754	(1)
Safety and Health Manager	754	(8)
Engineers and Safety	762	(10)
Health Physicist	772	(1)
Occupational Physician	772	(2)
Occupational Health Nurse and Nurse Practitioner	774	(2)
Risk Manager	776	(1)
Certification of Safety and Health Professionals	776	(9)
TSM: Safety Management in a Quality Management Setting	785	(17)
What Is QM?	786	(1)
How Does QM Relate to Safety?	787	(2)
Safety Management in a QM Setting	789	(1)
What Is TSM?	789	(2)
Translating TSM into Action	791	(1)
Fundamental Elements of TSM	792	(6)
Rationale for TSM	798	(1)
Implementing TSM: The Model	798	(4)
Safety, Health, and Competition in the Global Marketplace	802	(12)
Competitiveness Defined	803	(1)
Productivity and Competitiveness	804	(3)
Quality and Competitiveness	807	(1)
How Safety and Health Can Improve Competitiveness	808	(6)
Violence in the Workplace	814	(29)
Occupational Safety and Workplace Violence: The Relationship	815	(1)
Workplace Violence: Definitions	815	(1)
Workplace Violence: Cases	816	(2)
Size of the Problem	818	(1)
Legal Considerations	819	(3)
Risk-Reduction Strategies	822	(2)
Contributing Social and Cultural Factors	824	(2)
OSHA's Voluntary Guidelines	826	(8)
Conflict Resolution and Workplace Violence	834	(5)
Do's and Don'ts for Supervisors	839	(1)
Emergency Preparedness Plan	839	(4)
Glossary	843	(22)
Index	865

Excerpts

BACKGROUND The field of occupational safety and health has undergone significant change over the past two decades. There are many reasons for this. Some of the more prominent include the following: technological changes that have introduced new hazards in the workplace; proliferation of health and safety legislation and corresponding regulations: increased pressure from regulatory agencies; realization by executives that workers in a safe and healthy workplace are typically more productive: health care and workers' compensation costs: increased pressure from environmental groups and the public; a growing interest in ethics and corporate responsibility; professionalization of health and safety occupations; increased pressure from labor organizations and employees in general: rapidly mounting costs associated with product safety and other types of litigation: and increasing incidents of workplace violence. All of these factors, when taken together, have made the job of the modem safety and health professional more challenging and more important than it has ever been. These factors have also created a need for an up-to-date book on workplace safety and health that contains the latest information needed by people who will practice this profession in the age of global competition and rapid technological change. WHY WAS THIS BOOK WRITTEN AND FOR WHOM? This book was written to fulfill the need for an up-to-date practical teaching resource that focuses on the needs of modern safety and health professionals practicing in the workplace. It is intended for use in universities, colleges, community colleges, and corporate training settings that offer programs, courses, workshops, and/or seminars in occupational safety and health. Educators in such disciplines as industrial technology, manufacturing technology, industrial engineering, engineering technology, occupational safety, management, and supervision may find this book both valuable and easy to use. The direct, straightforward presentation of material focuses on making the theories and principles of occupational safety and health practical and useful in a real-world setting. Up-to-date research has been integrated throughout in a down-to-earth manner. ORGANIZATION OF THE BOOK The text contains thirty chapters, each focusing on a major area of concern for modern safety and health professionals. The chapters are presented in an order that is compatible with the typical organization of a college-level safety and health course. a standard chapter format is used throughout the book. Each chapter begins with a list of major topics and ends with a comprehensive summary. Following the summary. each chapter contains end material including review questions, key terms and concepts, and endnotes. Within each chapter are case studies to promote classroom discussion, as well as at least one safety fact or myth. These materials are provided to encourage review, stimulate additional thought, and provide opportunities for applying what has been learned. HOW THIS BOOK DIFFERS FROM OTHERS This book was written because in the age of global competition. safety and health in the workplace has changed drastically. Many issues, concerns, and factors relating specifically to modem workplace environments have been given more attention, greater depth of coverage, and more illumination than other textbooks. Some of the areas receiving more attention and specific occupational examples are the following: The OSHAct and OSHA Standards and codes Laws and liability Stress-related problems Life safety Evolving roles of health and safety professionals Health and safety training Human factors in safety Environmental issues and ISO 14000 standards Computers, robots, and automation Ethics and safety Bloodborne pathogens in the workplace Product safety and lia