Occupational Therapy in Community-Based Practice Settings

by Scaffa, Marjorie E.

• ISBN13: 9780803605596
• ISBN10: 0803605595
• Edition: 1st
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2001-03-01
• Publisher: F a Davis Co

Summary

"Very comprehensive. Reviews a variety of possible settings for community practice and appears to cover the process from the beginning on through." -- Anne Marie Knecht, MA, OTR/L, Florida International University, Miami, FL This classroom text and reference provides an overview of community-based practice for the student and novice clinician. It reviews basic principles, legislation, and policy issues relevant to all community-based practice. "This book is highly recommended not only to occupational therapy students and educators but to occupational therapy practitioners as well. For those employed in traditional hospital settings, the abundance of information may certainly help them expand their thinking about the scope of occupatonal therapy practice." -- Karen Butler, Volume 69, Number 5, Canadian Journal of Occupational Therapy, December 2002 "The text is easily readable and contains chapter key terms and learning objectives which help accentuate information. This text provides a much needed resource for occupational therapists who currently are, or plan to in the future, practice in the community." -- Peggy Wittman, EdD, OTR/L, FAOTA, Occupational Therapy in Health Care Journal, Volume 16, Number 4, 2003

Table of Contents

SECTION I BASIC PRINCIPLES AND RELEVANT ISSUES
Community-Based Practice: Occupation in Context	3	(16)
Marjorie E. Scaffa
Introduction	4	(2)
The Nature of Disability	6	(1)
Transitions in Health Care	7	(1)
Community-Based Practice	8	(6)
Definitions of Terms	8	(1)
Historical Perspectives	9	(4)
Trends in Practice Settings	13	(1)
Roles in Community-Based Practice	13	(1)
Occupational Therapy Roles	14	(1)
Role Descriptions	14	(1)
Characteristics of Effective Community-Based Occupational Therapy Practitioners	15	(4)
Paradigm Shift: From the Medical Model to the Community Model	19	(16)
Marjorie E. Scaffa
Introduction	20	(1)
Paradigm Shifts	21	(2)
Paradigm Shifts in Occupational Therapy	23	(4)
Basic Principles of Systems Theory	26	(1)
Paradigm Shifts in Other Disciplines	27	(3)
Public Health and Medicine	27	(2)
Health-Care Delivery for Persons with Disabilities	29	(1)
Vocational Rehabilitation	30	(1)
Community Practice Paradigm	30	(5)
Public Health, Community Health, and Occupational Therapy	35	(16)
Marjorie E. Scaffa
Sharon Desmond
Carol A. Brownson
Introduction	36	(1)
Public Health	36	(3)
Health Promotion	38	(1)
Prevention	38	(1)
Differentiation from Medicine	39	(1)
Community Health	39	(1)
National Health Goals and Objectives for the United States	40	(3)
Demographics of Disability and the Need for Prevention	43	(1)
Improving the Health of the Community Through Occupation	44	(7)
The Well Elderly Study	44	(2)
Practitioner Roles in Community Health	46	(5)
Theoretical Frameworks for Community-Based Practice	51	(34)
S. Maggie Reitz
Marjorie E. Scaffa
Introduction	52	(1)
Theory and the Organization of Knowledge	53	(5)
Importance of Theory to Community-Based Practice	53	(1)
Review of Terminology	54	(3)
Organization of Knowledge	57	(1)
Theories Related to Community-Based Practice	58	(27)
Selected OT Conceptual Models of Practice	59	(10)
Selected Health Education and Public Health Models and Theories	69	(7)
Community Organization Theories and Models	76	(9)
Legislation and Policy Issues	85	(10)
Nancy Van Slyke
Introduction	86	(1)
Legislation and Disabilities	87	(8)
Protection and Care Referenced Legislation	89	(1)
Educational and Developmental Referenced Legislation	90	(1)
Medical Rehabilitation Referenced Legislation	90	(1)
Civil Rights Referenced Legislation	91	(1)
Environment Referenced Legislation	91	(1)
Consumer Referenced Legislation	92	(3)
Program Development for Community Health: Planning, Implementation, and Evaluation Strategies	95	(24)
Carol Brownson
Introduction	96	(1)
Program Planning Principles	97	(2)
Plan the Process	97	(1)
Plan with People	97	(1)
Plan with Data	98	(1)
Plan for Performance	98	(1)
Plan for Priorities	98	(1)
Plan for Evaluation	98	(1)
Plan for Measurable Outcomes	98	(1)
The Planning Process	99	(16)
Preplanning	100	(1)
Needs Assessment	101	(6)
Program Plan Development	107	(8)
Program Implementation	115	(1)
Program Evaluation	115	(1)
Institutionalization	116	(3)
Accessibility Issues	119	(20)
Felecia Moore Banks
Introduction	120	(1)
A Cycle of Inaccessibility	121	(1)
Legal Issues	122	(6)
The Political Platform	122	(1)
Laws and Amendments	123	(2)
Regulatory Agencies	125	(3)
Technological Issues	128	(2)
Educational Initiatives	130	(2)
The Role of Occupational Therapy	132	(7)
Negotiability vs. Accessibility	132	(2)
Education and Research Needs	134	(5)
SECTION II A VARIETY OF COMMUNITY-BASED PRACTICE SETTINGS
Community-Based Work Programs	139	(24)
Brent H. Braveman
Supriya Sen
Gary Kielhofner
Introduction	140	(1)
Influences on Work-Related Practice	140	(2)
The Transition to Community-Based Work Programming	141	(1)
High-Quality Community-Based Work Programs	142	(21)
Contributing Factors	143	(4)
General Characteristics	147	(2)
Examples of Community-Based Work Programs	149	(14)
Adult Day-Care Programs	163	(10)
Nancy Van Slyke
Introduction	164	(1)
Development of Adult Day Care in the United States	165	(1)
Adult Day-Care Program Models	165	(2)
Social Model Centers	166	(1)
Medical/Restorative Model Centers	166	(1)
Occupational Therapy Roles	167	(6)
Direct-Care Clinician	167	(1)
Activity Program Coordinator	168	(1)
Case Manager	168	(1)
Consultant	169	(1)
Administrator	170	(3)
Independent Living Programs	173	(15)
Robin E. Bowen
Introduction	174	(1)
Independent Living	175	(3)
Comparing the Medical Model and the Independent Living Model	175	(1)
The Independent Living Movement	176	(2)
Independent Living Programs	178	(3)
Types of Independent Living Programs	179	(1)
Variations Among Programs	179	(1)
Independent Living Program Personnel	180	(1)
Occupational Therapy's Role in Independent Living Programs	181	(7)
Occupational Therapy Evaluation and Intervention Planning	182	(1)
Documentation	183	(5)
Home Health	188	(35)
Kathy E. Gifford
Donna A. Wooster
Linda Gray
S. Blaise Chromiak
Introduction	189	(1)
Home Health and Occupational Therapy	190	(17)
Historical Overview	190	(1)
Factors Impacting Home Health	190	(2)
Unique Aspects of Home-Based Care	192	(6)
Team Members	198	(4)
Referrals for Service	202	(1)
Reimbursement	203	(2)
Requirements for Service	205	(2)
Occupational Therapy Functions in Home Health	207	(16)
Evaluation/Assessment	209	(2)
Intervention	211	(2)
Discharge from Occupational Therapy Services	213	(2)
Documentation	215	(8)
Specialized Practice in Home Health	223	(30)
Donna A. Wooster
Linda Gray
Kathy E. Gifford
Introduction	224	(1)
Evaluation and Intervention with Mental Illness	225	(5)
Trends	225	(1)
Evaluation	225	(2)
Intervention	227	(3)
Evaluation and Intervention with Pregnant Women	230	(7)
Perinatal Home Health Care	230	(7)
Evaluation and Intervention with Children	237	(16)
Areas Impacting Children's Health	238	(5)
Assessment Tools	243	(3)
Initial Visit and Parent Interview	246	(1)
Intervention	246	(7)
Hospice	253	(18)
Michael Pizzi
S. Blaise Chromiak
Introduction	254	(1)
Concepts of Hospice Care	255	(1)
Historical Overview	255	(1)
Philosophy	255	(1)
Occupational Therapy and Hospice: Parallels in Philosophy and Practice	256	(5)
Occupational Therapy as a Component of the Hospice Team	257	(1)
Occupational Therapy Involvement in Community-Based Hospice	257	(2)
Relevant Occupational Therapy Hospice Themes	259	(2)
Occupational Therapy's Role in Hospice	261	(2)
Evaluation of Occupational Performance	261	(1)
Hospice Intervention Planning	262	(1)
Documentation and Reimbursement	262	(1)
Development of a Community-Based Hospice Practice	263	(8)
Needs Assessment	263	(1)
Formation of Strategies	263	(1)
Proposal Development	264	(1)
Marketing the Idea	264	(7)
Early Intervention Programs	271	(20)
Donna A. Wooster
Introduction	272	(1)
Early Intervention Programs	273	(6)
Demonstration of Need	273	(1)
Components of Early Intervention	274	(3)
Team Members	277	(1)
Transition Planning	278	(1)
Occupational Therapy Services in Early Intervention	279	(4)
Occupational Therapy Evaluation	279	(1)
Family Involvement	280	(2)
Parent Instruction	282	(1)
Equipment and Supplies	282	(1)
Documentation	283	(1)
Special Considerations in Early Intervention	283	(8)
Rural Service Delivery	283	(1)
Large Extended Families	284	(1)
Cultural Diversity	284	(1)
Professional Preparation	285	(6)
Community-Based Mental Health Services	291	(27)
Marian K. Scheinholz
Introduction	292	(1)
Mental Health Disorders	293	(5)
Historical Aspects Associated with Occupational Therapy	293	(1)
Etiology and Epidemiology	294	(1)
Terminology	295	(1)
Symptoms	296	(2)
Intervention Approaches/Models	298	(5)
Prevention	298	(1)
Medical Treatment Approaches	298	(1)
Rehabilitation Approaches	299	(4)
Treatment Settings: A Continuum of Services	303	(6)
Ambulatory Behavioral Health Care	303	(2)
Vocational Program Settings	305	(4)
Home Health Services	309	(1)
Funding for Community-Based Mental Health Programs	309	(1)
Specialized Occupational Therapy Roles	310	(8)
Case/Care Management	310	(2)
Consultation	312	(6)
Community-Based Approaches for Substance use Disorders	318	(27)
Penelope A. Moyers
Virginia C. Stoffel
Introduction	319	(1)
Substance Use	320	(4)
Disorders	320	(2)
Extent of Use	322	(1)
Community Impact of Substance Use Disorders	323	(1)
Substance Use Disorders and Occupation	324	(10)
Stages of Change	326	(3)
Community Interventions	329	(5)
Occupational Therapy and Community Programs	334	(11)
SECTION III LOOKING AHEAD
Future Directions in Community-Based Practice	345	(22)
Marjorie E. Scaffa
Vanessa Russell
Carol A. Brownson
Introduction	346	(1)
An Ecological Worldview	347	(1)
Creating Opportunities in the Community	347	(2)
Innovative Ideas Put into Action	349	(11)
Case Management	349	(3)
Entrepreneurs	352	(2)
Criminal Justice System	354	(1)
Assisted Living Facilities	355	(1)
Apartment Programs	355	(1)
Ergonomics	356	(1)
Dirving Programs	357	(1)
Aquatic Therapy	358	(1)
Hippotherapy	358	(1)
Welfare-to-Work Programs	359	(1)
Violence Prevention	359	(1)
Funding Community-Based Programs	360	(3)
Government Funding	360	(1)
Foundation Funding	361	(1)
Other Funding Sources	362	(1)
Marketing Community-Based Programs	363	(4)
Implications for Professional Education and Research	367	(24)
Marjorie E. Scaffa
Carol A. Brownson
Anne Shordike
Introduction	368	(1)
Professional Education: Then and Now	368	(6)
Past Influences	369	(1)
Current Influences	370	(4)
Future Implications	374	(1)
Creative Strategies in Professional Preparation	374	(12)
Eastern Kentucky University: Faculty-Facilitated Fieldwork Model	374	(4)
Washington University in St. Louis: Community Practice Program	378	(6)
University of South Alabama: A Community Service-Learning Approach	384	(2)
Research in Community-Based Practice	386	(1)
Diffusion of Innovations	387	(4)
Appendix	391	(8)
Index	399