The Opinion System Impasses of the Public Sphere from Hobbes to Habermas

by Wetters, Kirk

• ISBN13: 9780823229888
• ISBN10: 0823229882
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 2008-10-15
• Publisher: Fordham University Press

Summary

This book revises the concept of the public sphere by examining opinion as a foundational concept of modernity. Indispensable to ideas like "public opinion" and "freedom of opinion," opinion-though sometimes held in dubious repute-here assumes a central position in modern philosophy, literature, sociology, and political theory, while being the object of extremely contradictory valuations. Kirk Wetters focuses on interpretative shifts begun in the Enlightenment and cemented by the French Revolution to restore the concept of "opinion" to a central role in our understanding of the political public sphere. Locke's "law of opinion," underwritten by the ancient conceptions of nomos and fama, proved to be inconsistent with the modern ideal of a rational political order. The contemporary dynamics of this problem have been worked out by Jürgen Habermas and Reinhart Koselleck: for Habermas the private law of opinion can be brought under the rational control of public discourse and procedural form, whereas Koselleck views modernity as the period in which irrational potentials were unleashed by a political-conceptual language that only intensified and accelerated the upheavals of history. Modernity risked making opinions into the idols of collective representations, sacrificing opinion to ideology and individualism to totalitarianism. Drawing on an intriguing range of thinkers, some not widely known to American readers today, Kirk Wetters argues that this transformation, though irreversible, is resisted by literary language, which opposes the rigid formalism that compels individuals to identify with their opinions. Rather than forcing thought to bind itself to stable opinions, modern literary forms seek to suspend this moment of closure and representation, so that held opinions do not bring all deliberative processes to a standstill.

Author Biography

Kirk Wetters is an Assistant Professor of German Literature at Yale University.

Table of Contents

Preface: The Opinion Machine	p. vii
Introduction and Overview	p. 1
Fama and Fatum in Virgil's Aeneid	p. 16
Manifestations of the Public Sphere in Christoph Martin Wieland	p. 24
Nomos, Gnomae (the Council of War)	p. 61
Representation and Opinion (Koselleck, Habermas, Derrida)	p. 70
Politics and Belief (The Parable of the Sower)	p. 115
The Opinion System and the Re-Formation of the Individual (Hobbes, Locke, Mendelssohn, Fichte, and Goethe)	p. 123
Polystrophon Gnoman (Pindar and Holderlin)	p. 179
Lichtenberg's "Opinions-System" (Meinungen-System)	p. 188
Afterword	p. 239
Notes	p. 247
Bibliography	p. 273
Index	p. 285
Table of Contents provided by Ingram. All Rights Reserved.