The Oracle Hacker's Handbook Hacking and Defending Oracle

by Litchfield, David

• ISBN13: 9780470080221
• ISBN10: 0470080221
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2007-01-30
• Publisher: Wiley

Summary

Knowledge is power, and the power can be yours While Oracle continues to improve the security features of its product, it still has a long way to go. David Litchfield has devoted years to relentlessly searching out the flaws in this ubiquitous database system and creating defenses against them. Now he offers you his complete arsenal to assess and defend your own Oracle systems. Like The Shellcoder's Handbook and The Database Hacker's Handbook, this in-depth guide explores every technique and tool used by black hat hackers to invade and compromise Oracle. It shows you how to find the weak spots and defend them. Without that knowledge, you have little chance of keeping your databases truly secure. Discover how to deal with the security flaws revealed in the Oracle RDBMS Explore some never-before-published forays into Oracle security holes and learn to defend them from attack Learn why independent security assessments are not necessarily a guarantee of safety See how Oracle 10g Release 2 has improved its security features and where the flaws remain Take advantage of extensive and valuable code downloads on the companion Web site at www.wiley.com/go/ohh Visit our Web site at www.wiley.com/go/ohh

Author Biography

DAVID LITCHFIELD is founder and chief research scientist of NGSSoftware Ltd., a UK-based security solutions provider. He has been recognized as the world's premier expert on Oracle database security, and is the designer of NGSSQuirreL, a powerful tool for identifying and assessing database vulnerability. David is a regular conference speaker and has lectured government agencies on security topics.

Table of Contents

About the Author	p. vi
Acknowledgments	p. xiii
Introduction	p. xv
Code Samples from the Book	p. xviii
Oracle and Security	p. xviii
The "Unbreakable" Marketing Campaign	p. xix
Independent Security Assessments	p. xx
The Future	p. xx
Overview of the Oracle RDBMS	p. 1
Architecture	p. 1
Processes	p. 2
The File System	p. 8
The Network	p. 9
Database Objects	p. 10
Users and Roles	p. 10
Privileges	p. 10
Oracle Patching	p. 11
Wrapping Up	p. 13
The Oracle Network Architecture	p. 15
The TNS Protocol	p. 16
The TNS Header	p. 16
Inside the Packet	p. 18
Getting the Oracle Version	p. 19
The Listener Version and Status Command	p. 20
Using the TNS Protocol Version	p. 20
Using the XML Database Version	p. 21
Using TNS Error Text	p. 22
Using the TNS Version TTC Function	p. 23
Wrapping Up	p. 24
Attacking the TNS Listener and Dispatchers	p. 31
Attacking the TNS Listener	p. 31
Bypassing 10g Listener Restrictions	p. 32
The Aurora GIOP Server	p. 33
The XML Database	p. 38
Wrapping Up	p. 42
Attacking the Authentication Process	p. 43
How Authentication Works	p. 43
Attacks Against the Crypto Aspects	p. 48
Default Usernames and Passwords	p. 52
Looking in Files for Passwords	p. 53
Account Enumeration and Brute Force	p. 56
Long Username Buffer Overflows	p. 56
Wrapping Up	p. 57
Oracle and PL/SQL	p. 59
What Is PL/SQL?	p. 59
PL/SQL Execution Privileges	p. 60
Wrapped PL/SQL	p. 64
Wrapping and Unwrapping on 10g	p. 64
Wrapping and Unwrapping on 9i and Earlier	p. 64
Working without the Source	p. 66
PL/SQL Injection	p. 66
Injection into Select Statements to Get More Data	p. 68
Injecting Functions	p. 71
Injecting into Anonymous PL/SQL Blocks	p. 72
The Holy Grail of PLSQL Injection	p. 72
Investigating Flaws	p. 74
Direct SQL Execution Flaws	p. 77
PL/SQL Race Conditions	p. 77
Auditing PL/SQL Code	p. 80
The DBMS_Assert Package	p. 81
Some Real-World Examples	p. 82
Exploiting DBMS_CDC_IMPDP	p. 82
Exploiting LT	p. 84
Exploiting DBMS_CDC_Subscribe and DBMS_CDC_ISubscribe	p. 84
PLSQL and Triggers	p. 89
Wrapping Up	p. 89
Triggers	p. 91
Trigger Happy: Exploiting Triggers for Fun and Profit	p. 91
Examples of Exploiting Triggers	p. 93
The MDSYS.SDO_GEOM_TRIG_INS1 and SDO_GEOM_TRIG_INS1 Triggers	p. 93
The MDSYS SDO_CMT_CBK_TRIG Trigger	p. 94
The SYS.CDC_Drop_CTable_Before Trigger	p. 96
The MDSYS.SDO_Drop_User_Before Trigger	p. 97
Wrapping Up	p. 98
Indirect Privilege Escalation	p. 99
A Hop, a Step, and a Jump: Getting DBA Privileges Indirectly	p. 99
Getting DBA from Create Any Trigger	p. 99
Getting DBA from Create Any View	p. 102
Getting DBA from Execute Any Procedure	p. 105
Getting DBA from Just Create Procedure	p. 105
Wrapping Up	p. 105
Defeating Virtual Private Databases	p. 107
Tricking Oracle into Dropping a Policy	p. 107
Defeating VPDs with Raw File Access	p. 112
General Privileges	p. 114
Wrapping Up	p. 114
Attacking Oracle PL/SQL Web Applications	p. 115
Oracle PL/SQL Gateway Architecture	p. 115
Recognizing the Oracle PL/SQL Gateway	p. 116
PL/SQL Gateway URLs	p. 116
Oracle Portal	p. 118
Verifying the Existence of the Oracle PL/SQL Gateway	p. 118
The Web Server HTTP Server Response Header	p. 118
How the Oracle PL/SQL Gateway Communicates with the Database Server	p. 120
Attacking the PL/SQL Gateway	p. 122
The PLSQL Exclusion List	p. 122
Wrapping Up	p. 129
Running Operating System Commands	p. 131
Running OS Commands through PL/SQL	p. 131
Running OS Commands through Java	p. 132
Running OS Commands Using DBMS_SCHEDULER	p. 133
Running OS Commands Directly with the Job Scheduler	p. 134
Running OS Commands Using Alter System	p. 136
Wrapping Up	p. 136
Accessing the File System	p. 137
Accessing the File System Using the UTL_FILE Package	p. 137
Accessing the File System Using Java	p. 139
Accessing Binary Files	p. 140
Exploring Operating System Environment Variables	p. 142
Wrapping Up	p. 144
Accessing the Network	p. 145
Data Exfiltration	p. 145
Using UTL_TCP	p. 146
Using UTL_HTTP	p. 147
Using DNS Queries and UTL_INADDR	p. 147
Encrypting Data Prior to Exfiltrating	p. 149
Attacking Other Systems on the Network	p. 149
Java and the Network	p. 151
Database Links	p. 152
Wrapping Up	p. 152
Default Usernames and Passwords	p. 153
Index	p. 177
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