Organic Chemistry I Essentials

by The Editors of REA

• ISBN13: 9780878916160
• ISBN10: 0878916164
• Format: Bound Book
• Copyright: 2012-08-21
• Publisher: Dover Publications

Summary

REAs Essentials provide quick and easy access to critical information in a variety of different fields, ranging from the most basic to the most advanced. As its name implies, these concise, comprehensive study guides summarize the essentials of the field covered. Essentials are helpful when preparing for exams, doing homework and will remain a lasting reference source for students, teachers, and professionals. Organic Chemistry I includes structure and properties, alkanes, alkenes, alkynes, alkyl halides, stereochemistry, cyclic hydrocarbons, aromatic hydrocarbons, aryl halides, ethers and epoxides, alcohols and glycols, and carboxylic acids.

Table of Contents

Structure and Properties	1	(9)
Atomic and Molecular Orbitals	1	(1)
Electron Configuration	2	(1)
Hybrid Orbitals	3	(1)
Chemical Bonding	4	(1)
Bond Dissociation Energy	4	(1)
Structure and Physical Properties	5	(3)
Polarity of Bonds	5	(1)
Polarity of Molecules	6	(1)
Melting Point	6	(1)
Intermolecular Forces	7	(1)
Boiling Point	7	(1)
Solubility	8	(1)
Acids and Bases	8	(2)
Alkanes	10	(8)
Nomenclature (IUPAC System)	10	(1)
Physical Properties of Alkanes	11	(1)
Rotational Structures	12	(1)
Preparation	13	(2)
Hydrogenation of Alkenes	13	(1)
Hydrolysis of Grignard Reagents	13	(1)
Reduction by Metal and Acid	13	(1)
Reduction with Alkali Metal Hydrides	14	(1)
The Wurtz Reaction	14	(1)
The Kolbe Synthesis	14	(1)
Reaction of Alkanes	15	(1)
Oxidation of Alkanes	15	(1)
Formation of Alkyl Hydroperoxides	15	(1)
Halogenation of Alkanes	15	(1)
Structural Isomerism	16	(1)
Free Radical Reactions	17	(1)
Chlorination by Sulfuryl Chloride	17	(1)
Sulfochlorination	17	(1)
Nitration	17	(1)
Alkenes	18	(7)
Nomenclature (IUPAC System)	18	(1)
Physical Properties of Alkenes	19	(1)
Preparation of Alkenes	19	(2)
Reactions of Alkenes	21	(2)
Dienes	23	(1)
Classification of Dienes	23	(1)
Preparation of Dienes	23	(1)
Reactions of Dienes	24	(1)
Alkynes	25	(4)
Nomenclature (IUPAC System)	25	(1)
Physical Properties of Alkynes	25	(1)
Preparation of Alkynes	26	(1)
Reactions of Alkynes	27	(2)
Alkyl Halides	29	(12)
Nomenclature (IUPAC System)	29	(1)
Physical Properties of Alkyl Halides	29	(1)
Preparation of Alkyl Halides	30	(2)
Haloform Reaction	31	(1)
Halogenation of Alkenes	31	(1)
Hunsdiecker Reaction	32	(1)
Reactions of Alkyl Halides	32	(2)
Nucleophilic Displacement Reactions	34	(1)
SN1 and SN2 Substitation Reactions	34	(3)
Elimination Reaction: E2 and E1	37	(2)
Stereochemistry of Elimination	39	(2)
Stereochemistry-Stereoisomerism	41	(6)
Optical Activity	41	(1)
Chirality	42	(1)
Enantiomerism	42	(1)
Diastereomers	43	(1)
Racemization	44	(1)
Specification of Configuration	44	(3)
Fischer Convention	46	(1)
Cyclic Hydrocarbons	47	(9)
Nomenclature	47	(1)
Properties of Cyclic Hydrocarbons	47	(1)
Preparation of Cyclic Hydrocarbons	48	(1)
Reactions of Cycloalkanes and Cycloalkanes	49	(1)
Baeyer Strain	50	(1)
Conformation of Cycloalkanes	50	(3)
Factors Affecting Stability of Conformations	50	(1)
Conformations of Cycloalkanes	51	(1)
Equatorial and Axial Bonds in Cyclohexane	52	(1)
Stereoisomerism of Cyclic Compounds	53	(3)
Aromatic Hydrocarbons	56	(10)
Structure	56	(1)
Nomenclature (IUPAC System)	56	(1)
Preparation of Benzene and its Derivatives	57	(2)
Preparation of Benzene	57	(1)
Preparation of Toluene	58	(1)
Preparation of Xylene	58	(1)
Preparation of Naphthalene	58	(1)
Preparation of Anthracene	59	(1)
Preparation of Phenanthrene	59	(1)
Properties of Benzene	59	(1)
Reactions of Benzene, Naphthalene, and Anthracene	60	(2)
Substitution Reactions of Benzene	60	(1)
Addition Reactions of Benzene	61	(1)
Oxidation Reactions of Benzene	61	(1)
Substitution Reactions of Naphthalene	61	(1)
Addition Reactions of Naphthalene	62	(1)
Oxidation Reaction of Naphthalene	62	(1)
Oxidation Reaction of Anthracene	62	(1)
Electrophlic Aromatic Substitution	62	(3)
Classification of Substituent Groups	63	(2)
Uses of Benzene, Napthalene, and Anthracene	65	(1)
Aryl Halides	66	(6)
Nomenclature	66	(1)
Physical Properties of Aryl Halides	66	(1)
Preparation of Aryl Halides	67	(2)
Halogenation by Substitution	67	(1)
Halogenation by Addition	67	(1)
Sandmeyer Reaction	68	(1)
Replacement of the Nitrogen of a Diazonium Salt	68	(1)
Treatment of Arylthallium Compounds with Iodide	69	(1)
Reactions of Aryl Halides	69	(3)
Formation of Grignard Reagent	69	(1)
Replacement of the Halogen Atom	70	(1)
Replacement of the Hydrogen Atom	70	(2)
Ethers and Epoxides	72	(7)
Structure	72	(1)
Nomenclature (IUPAC System)	72	(1)
Common Names	72	(1)
Physical and Chemical Properties of Ethers	73	(1)
Preparation of Ethers	73	(2)
Williamson Reaction	73	(1)
Reaction of an Alkyl Halide with Silver Oxide	74	(1)
Dehydration of Alcohols	74	(1)
Alkoxymercuration-Demercuration	74	(1)
Reactions of Ethers	75	(1)
Single Cleavage at the Oxygen Linkage	75	(1)
Double Cleavage	75	(1)
Substitution on the Hydrocarbon Chain	76	(1)
Structure	76	(1)
Preparation of Epoxides	76	(1)
Oxidation of Alkenes with Peroxyacids	77	(1)
Displacement of a Halide Ion From a Halohydrin	77	(1)
Reactions of Epoxides	77	(2)
Acid-Catalyzed Cleavage	77	(1)
Base-Catalyzed Cleavage	78	(1)
Reaction with Grignard Reagents	78	(1)
Alcohols and Glycols	79	(11)
Nomenclature (IUPAC System)	79	(1)
Physical Properties of Alcohols	80	(1)
Preparation of Monohydroxy Alcohols	80	(3)
Reactions of Monohydroxy Alcohols	83	(3)
Uses of Alcohols	86	(1)
Glycols	86	(1)
Preparation of Glycols (1, 2-Diols)	86	(2)
Reaction of Glycols	88	(2)
Oxidation of Ethanediol	88	(2)
Carboxylic Acids	90	(9)
Nomenclature (IUPAC System)	90	(1)
Physical Properties of Carboxylic Acids	91	(1)
Preparation of Carboxylic Acids	92	(1)
Oxidation of Primary Alcohols	92	(1)
Grignard Synthesis	93	(1)
Nitrile Synthesis	93	(1)
Reactions of Carboxylic Acids	93	(3)
Acidity Salt Formation	93	(1)
Conversion into Functional Derivatives	93	(3)
Acidity of Carboxylate Acids	96	(1)
Structure of Carboxylic Ions	97	(2)
Ionization of Carboxylic Acids: Activity Constants	97	(1)
Acidity Constant	98	(1)
Carboxylic acid Derivatives	99	(18)
Acid Chlorides	99	(4)
Nomenclature (IUPAC System)	99	(1)
Physical Properties of Acid Derivatives	100	(1)
Preparation of Acid Chlorides	100	(1)
Reactions of Acid Chlorides	100	(3)
Carboxylic Acid Anhydrides	103	(4)
Nomenclature (IUPAC System)	103	(1)
Preparation of Acid Anhydrides	103	(1)
Reactions of Anhydrides	104	(3)
Esters	107	(5)
Nomenclature (IUPAC System)	107	(1)
Properties	107	(1)
Preparation of Esters	107	(2)
Reactions of Esters	109	(3)
Amides	112	(5)
Nomenclature (IUPAC System)	112	(1)
Properties of Amides	112	(1)
Preparation of Amides	113	(2)
Reactions of Amides	115	(2)
Periodic Table	117