Organization Theory and Design

by Daft, Richard L.

• ISBN13: 9780324156911
• ISBN10: 032415691X
• Edition: 8th
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 2003-07-08
• Publisher: South-Western College Pub

Summary

Richard Daft's best-selling text, Organization Theory and Design, integrates the most recent thinking about organizations, classic ideas and theories, iand real world practice, in a way that is interesting and enjoyable for students. This edition includes many updates including a new chapter on international issues and revisions of other chapters to include the most recent ideas and events. While organization studies and real world examples are insightful for understanding organizations and solve real-world problems, Daft also integrates numerous features that give students opportunity to apply concepts and develop skills and insights.

Table of Contents

Preface	xii
PART ONE INTRODUCTION TO ORGANIZATIONS	1	(48)
Chapter One
Organizations and Organization Theory	2	(1)
A Look Inside Xerox Corporation	3	(3)
Organization Theory in Action	6	(3)
Topics	6	(1)
Current Challenges	6	(3)
Leading by Design Royal Dutch/Shell	9	(1)
Purpose of This Chapter	10	(1)
What is an Organization?	10	(4)
Definition	11	(1)
Types of Organizations	11	(1)
Importance of Organizations	12	(2)
Perspectives on Organizations	14	(2)
Open Systems	14	(1)
Organizational Configuration	15	(1)
Dimensions of Organization Design	16	(4)
Structural Dimensions	17	(1)
Contextual Dimensions	18	(2)
In Practice W. L. Gore & Associates	20	(3)
Performance and Effectiveness Outcomes	22	(1)
In Practice Knight Ridder	23	(1)
The Evolution of Organization Theory and Design	24	(3)
Historical Perspectives	24	(2)
Contemporary Organization Design	26	(1)
Book Mark 1.0 The Company of the Future: How the Communications Revolution Is Changing Management	27	(5)
Efficient Performance Versus the Learning Organization	28	(4)
In Practice Cementos Mexicanos	32	(1)
Framework for the Book	32	(4)
Levels of Analysis	33	(1)
Plan of the Book	34	(2)
Summary and Interpretation	36	(2)
Chapter 1 Workbook Measuring Dimensions of Organizations	38	(1)
Case for Analysis S-S Technologies, Inc. (A)---Introduction	39	(2)
Case for Analysis S-S Technologies, Inc. (D)---Organizational Design	41	(8)
PART TWO ORGANIZATIONAL PURPOSE AND STRUCTURAL DESIGN	49	(84)
Chapter Two
Strategy, Organization Design, and Effectiveness	50	(1)
A Look Inside 3M Corporation	51	(1)
Purpose of This Chapter	52	(1)
The Role of Strategic Direction in Organization Design	52	(2)
Book Mark 2.0 Competing on the Edge: Strategy as Structured Chaos	54	(1)
Organizational Purpose	55	(3)
Mission	55	(1)
Operative Goals	55	(3)
Leading by Design Marriott	58	(1)
The Importance of Goals	59	(1)
A Framework for Selecting Strategy and Design	59	(2)
Porter's Competitive Strategies	60	(1)
In Practice Charles Schwab & Company	61	(4)
Miles and Snow's Strategy Typology	62	(1)
How Strategies Affect Organization Design	63	(1)
Other Factors Affecting Organization Design	64	(1)
Assessing Organizational Effectiveness	65	(1)
Contingency Effectiveness Approaches	66	(2)
Goal Approach	66	(2)
In Practice Nortel	68	(2)
Resource-Based Approach	69	(1)
Internal Process Approach	69	(1)
An Integrated Effectiveness Model	70	(3)
In Practice Chrysler Corporation	73	(1)
Summary and Interpretation	74	(2)
Chapter 2 Workbook Identifying Company Goals and Strategies	76	(1)
Case for Analysis The University Art Museum	76	(3)
Case for Analysis Airstar, Inc.	79	(1)
Chapter 2 Workshop Competing Values and Organizational Effectiveness	80	(4)
Chapter Three
Fundamentals of Organization Structure	84	(1)
A Look Inside Cunningham Motor Company	85	(1)
Purpose of This Chapter	86	(1)
Organization Structure	86	(2)
Book Mark 3.0 Futurize Your Enterprise: Business Strategy in the Age of the E-Customer	88	(1)
Information-Processing Perspective on Structure	88	(2)
Vertical Information Linkages	89	(1)
In Practice Oracle Corporation	90	(4)
Horizontal Information Linkages	91	(3)
In Practice Nissan	94	(2)
Organization Design Alternatives	96	(3)
Required Work Activities	96	(1)
Reporting Relationships	96	(1)
Departmental Grouping Options	97	(2)
Functional, Divisional, and Geographical Designs	99	(1)
Functional Structure	99	(1)
In Practice Blue Bell Creameries, Inc.	100	(3)
Functional Structure with Horizontal Linkages	101	(1)
Divisional Structure	101	(2)
In Practice Microsoft	103	(2)
Geographical Structure	104	(1)
Matrix Structure	105	(3)
Conditions for the Matrix	105	(2)
Strengths and Weaknesses	107	(1)
In Practice Worldwide Steel	108	(2)
Horizontal Structure	110	(2)
Characteristics	111	(1)
In Practice GE Salisbury	112	(2)
Strengths and Weaknesses	113	(1)
Modular Structure	114	(3)
How the Structure Works	114	(1)
Strengths and Weaknesses	115	(2)
Hybrid Structure	117	(2)
Applications of Structural Design	119	(1)
Structural Alignment	119	(1)
Symptoms of Structural Deficiency	120	(1)
Summary and Interpretation	120	(2)
Chapter 3 Workbook You and Organization Structure	122	(1)
Case for Analysis C & C Grocery Stores, Inc.	123	(3)
Case for Analysis Aquarius Advertising Agency	126	(7)
PART THREE OPEN SYSTEM DESIGN ELEMENTS	133	(108)
Chapter Four
The External Environment	134	(1)
A Look Inside Guiltless Gourmet	135	(1)
Purpose of This Chapter	136	(1)
The Environmental Domain	136	(4)
Task Environment	136	(2)
General Environment	138	(1)
International Context	139	(1)
In Practice Ford Motor Company	140	(1)
Environmental Uncertainty	140	(4)
Simple---Complex Dimension	141	(1)
Stable---Unstable Dimension	142	(1)
Framework	142	(2)
Adapting to Environmental Uncertainty	144	(2)
Positions and Departments	144	(1)
Buffering and Boundary Spanning	144	(2)
In Practice Tommy Hilfiger	146	(4)
Differentiation and Integration	146	(2)
Organic Versus Mechanistic Management Processes	148	(1)
Planning, Forecasting, and Responsiveness	149	(1)
Leading by Design Rowe Furniture Company	150	(1)
Book Mark 4.0 It's Not the Big That Eat the Small . . . It's the Fast that Eat the Slow	151	(1)
Framework for Organizational Responses to Uncertainty	152	(1)
Resource Dependence	153	(1)
In Practice Nokia Corporation	153	(1)
Controlling Environmental Resources	154	(3)
Establishing Interorganizational Linkages	155	(2)
Controlling the Environmental Domain	157	(1)
In Practice Schering-Plough Corporation	157	(2)
Organization-Environment Integrative Framework	159	(1)
Summary and Interpretation	159	(3)
Chapter 4 Workbook Organizations You Rely On	162	(1)
Case for Analysis The Paradoxical Twins: Acme and Omega Electronics	163	(7)
Chapter Five
Interorganizational Relationships	170	(1)
A Look Inside U. S. Army, Anniston, Alabama, Depot	171	(1)
Purpose of This Chapter	172	(1)
Organizational Ecosystems	172	(4)
Is Competition Dead?	173	(2)
The Changing Role of Management	175	(1)
Interorganizational Framework	175	(1)
Resource Dependence	176	(5)
From Adversaries to Partners	179	(2)
In Practice Bombardier	181	(1)
Book Mark 5.0 Managing Strategic Relationships: The Key to Business Success	181	(1)
Population Ecology	182	(3)
Organizational Form and Niche	184	(1)
Process of Ecological Change	184	(1)
Leading by Design Shazam---It's Magic!	185	(2)
Strategies for Survival	186	(1)
In Practice Starbucks Coffee	187	(1)
Institutionalism	188	(1)
In Practice JetBlue	188	(4)
The Institutional View and Organization Design	189	(1)
Institutional Similarity	190	(2)
Summary and Interpretation	192	(2)
Chapter 5 Workbook Management Fads	194	(1)
Case for Analysis Oxford Plastics Company	195	(1)
Case for Analysis Hugh Russel, Inc	196	(3)
Chapter 5 Workshop Ugli Orange Case	199	(5)
Chapter Six
Designing Organizations for the International Environment	204	(1)
A Look Inside Starbucks	205	(1)
Purpose of This Chapter	206	(1)
Entering the Global Arena	206	(4)
Motivations for Global Expansion	206	(2)
Stages of International Development	208	(1)
Global Expansion Through International Strategic Alliances	209	(1)
In Practice STMicroelectronics NV	210	(1)
Designing Structure to Fit Global Strategy	211	(5)
Model for Global Versus Local Opportunities	211	(2)
International Division	213	(1)
Global Product Division Structure	214	(1)
Global Geographic Division Structures	214	(2)
In Practice Colgate-Palmolive Company	216	(1)
Global Matrix Structure	217	(1)
In Practice Asea Brown Boveri Ltd. (ABB)	217	(2)
Building Global Capabilities	219	(5)
The Global Organizational Challenge	219	(3)
Global Coordination Mechanisms	222	(2)
Cultural Differences in Coordination and Control	224	(1)
National Value Systems	224	(1)
Three National Approaches to Coordination and Control	224	(1)
Book Mark 6.0 Cross-Cultural Business Behavior: Marketing, Negotiation and Managing Across Cultures	225	(1)
The Transnational Model of Organization	226	(4)
Summary and Interpretation	230	(2)
Chapter 6 Workbook Made in the U.S.A.?	232	(1)
Case for Analysis TopDog Software	232	(1)
Case for Analysis Rhodes Industries	233	(3)
Chapter 6 Workshop Comparing Cultures	236	(5)
PART FOUR INTERNAL DESIGN ELEMENTS	241	(116)
Chapter Seven
Manufacturing and Service Technologies	242	(1)
A Look Inside French Rags	243	(3)
Purpose of This Chapter	245	(1)
Core Organization Manufacturing Technology	246	(3)
Manufacturing Firms	246	(3)
In Practice Printronix	249	(2)
Flexible Manufacturing	250	(1)
Book Mark 7.0 Inviting Disaster: Lessons from the Edge of Technology	251	(3)
Leading by Design Dell Computer	254	(1)
Core Organization Service Technology	255	(3)
Service Firms	255	(2)
Designing the Service Organization	257	(1)
In Practice Pret A Manger	258	(1)
Noncore Departmental Technology	259	(3)
Variety	259	(1)
Analyzability	260	(1)
Framework	260	(2)
Department Design	262	(2)
In Practice Parkland Memorial Hospital	264	(1)
Workflow Interdependence Among Departments	264	(4)
Types	265	(2)
Structural Priority	267	(1)
Structural Implications	267	(1)
In Practice Athletic Teams	268	(1)
Impact of Technology on Job Design	269	(3)
Job Design	269	(1)
Sociotechnical Systems	270	(2)
Summary and Interpretation	272	(2)
Chapter 7 Workbook Bistro Technology	274	(1)
Case for Analysis Acetate Department	275	(9)
Chapter Eight
Information Technology and Control	284	(1)
A Look Inside Progressive Insurance	285	(1)
Purpose of This Chapter	286	(1)
Information Technology Evolution	286	(2)
Information for Decision Making and Control	288	(4)
Organizational Decision-Making Systems	289	(1)
Feedback Control Model	290	(1)
Management Control Systems	290	(2)
In Practice TNT UK	292	(3)
The Balanced Scorecard	293	(2)
Information as a Strategic Weapon: Networking for Internal Coordination	295	(3)
Intranets	295	(1)
Enterprise Resource Planning	295	(2)
Knowledge Management	297	(1)
Book Mark 8.0 The Myth of the Paperless Office	298	(2)
In Practice DPR Construction, Inc	300	(1)
Information as a Strategic Weapon: Strengthening External Relationships	301	(1)
Electronic Data Interchange and Extranets	301	(1)
In Practice Enterprise Rent-A-Car	302	(2)
The Integrated Enterprise	303	(1)
Leading by Design Corrugated Supplies	304	(2)
E-Business Organization Design	305	(1)
In Practice Tesco.com	306	(1)
IT Impact on Organization Design	307	(3)
Summary and Interpretation	310	(1)
Chapter 8 Workbook Are You Fast Enough to Succeed in Internet Time?	311	(2)
Case for Analysis Century Medical	313	(1)
Case for Analysis Product X	314	(4)
Chapter Nine
Organization Size, Life Cycle, and Decline	318	(1)
A Look Inside Interpol	319	(1)
Purpose of This Chapter	320	(1)
Organization Size: Is Bigger Better?	320	(4)
Pressures for Growth	320	(1)
Dilemmas of Large Size	321	(3)
Book Mark 9.0 Execution: The Discipline of Getting Things Done	324	(1)
Organizational Life Cycle	325	(3)
Stages of Life Cycle Development	325	(3)
In Practice Yahoo!	328	(3)
Organizational Characteristics During the Life Cycle	329	(2)
Organizational Bureaucracy and Control	331	(1)
What Is Bureaucracy?	331	(1)
In Practice United Parcel Service	332	(2)
Size and Structural Control	333	(1)
Bureaucracy in a Changing World	334	(3)
Organizing Temporary Systems for Flexibility and Innovation	335	(1)
Other Approaches to Reducing Bureaucracy	336	(1)
Leading by Design The Salvation Army	337	(1)
Organizational Control Strategies	338	(2)
Bureaucratic Control	338	(1)
Market Control	339	(1)
In Practice Imperial Oil Limited	340	(1)
Clan Control	340	(1)
In Practice Columbus Mills	341	(1)
Organizational Decline and Downsizing	342	(3)
Definition and Causes	343	(1)
A Model of Decline Stages	343	(2)
In Practice Arthur Andersen	345	(2)
Downsizing Implementation	346	(1)
Summary and Interpretation	347	(2)
Chapter 9 Workbook Control Mechanisms	349	(1)
Case for Analysis Sunflower Incorporated	350	(1)
Chapter 9 Workshop Windsock, Inc	351	(6)
PART FIVE MANAGING DYNAMIC PROCESSES	357	(167)
Chapter Ten
Organizational Culture and Ethical Values	358	(1)
A Look Inside PSS World Medical	359	(2)
Purpose of This Chapter	360	(1)
Organizational Culture	361	(2)
What is Culture?	361	(1)
Emergence and Purpose of Culture	361	(1)
Interpreting Culture	362	(1)
Book Mark 10.0 Good to Great: Why Some Companies Make the Leap ... And Others Don't	363	(3)
Organization Design and Culture	366	(3)
The Adaptability Culture	367	(1)
The Mission Culture	368	(1)
The Clan Culture	368	(1)
In Practice MTW Corp	369	(1)
The Bureaucratic Culture	369	(1)
Culture Strength and Organizational Subcultures	370	(1)
In Practice Pitney Bowes Credit Corporation	370	(1)
Culture and the Learning Organization	371	(2)
Ethical Values in Organizations	373	(2)
Leading by Design Commerce Bank	375	(1)
Sources of Ethical Values in Organizations	376	(3)
Personal Ethics	377	(1)
Organizational Culture	377	(1)
Organizational Systems	378	(1)
External Shareholders	378	(1)
How Leaders Shape Culture and Ethics	379	(2)
Values-Based Leadership	380	(1)
In Practice Kingston Technology Co	381	(3)
Formal Structure and Systems	381	(3)
In Practice Holt Companies	384	(1)
Corporate Culture and Ethics in a Global Environment	385	(1)
Summary and Interpretation	386	(2)
Chapter 10 Workbook Shop 'til You Drop: Corporate Culture in the Retail World	388	(2)
Case for Analysis Implementing Change at National Industrial Products	390	(1)
Case for Analysis Does this Milkshake Taste Funny?	391	(3)
Chapter 10 Workshop The Power of Ethics	394	(4)
Chapter Eleven
Innovation and Change	398	(1)
A Look Inside Procter & Gamble	399	(1)
Purpose of This Chapter	400	(1)
Innovate or Perish: The Strategic Role of Change	400	(4)
Incremental Versus Radical Change	400	(2)
Strategic Types of Change	402	(2)
Elements for Successful Change	404	(2)
Leading by Design Google	406	(1)
Technology Change	407	(4)
The Ambidextrous Approach	407	(1)
Techniques for Encouraging Technology Change	408	(3)
In Practice Nokia	411	(1)
New Products and Services	411	(3)
New Product Success Rate	412	(1)
Reasons for New Product Success	412	(1)
Horizontal Linkage Model	413	(1)
In Practice Mattel	414	(2)
Achieving Competitive Advantage: The Need for Speed	415	(1)
Strategy and Structure Change	416	(3)
The Dual-Core Approach	417	(1)
Organization Design for Implementing Administrative Change	417	(2)
In Practice Hire Quality Inc.	419	(1)
Culture Change	420	(1)
Forces for Culture Change	420	(1)
In Practice Electronic Data Systems	421	(2)
OD Culture Change Interventions	422	(1)
Strategies for Implementing Change	423	(1)
Leadership for Change	423	(1)
Book Mark 11.0 The Change Monster: The Human Forces That Fuel or Foil Corporate Transformation and Change	424	(4)
Barriers to Change	426	(1)
Techniques for Implementation	426	(2)
Summary and Interpretation	428	(2)
Chapter 11 Workbook Innovation Climate	430	(2)
Case for Analysis Shoe Corporation of Illinois	432	(5)
Case for Analysis Southern Discomfort	437	(7)
Chapter Twelve
Decision-Making Processes	444	(1)
A Look Inside Avon Products	445	(1)
Purpose of This Chapter	446	(1)
Definitions	446	(1)
Individual Decision Making	447	(3)
Rational Approach	448	(2)
In Practice Alberta Consulting	450	(3)
Bounded Rationality Perspective	451	(2)
Leading by Design Motek	453	(2)
In Practice Paramount Pictures	455	(1)
Organizational Decision Making	455	(1)
Management Science Approach	455	(1)
In Practice National Broadcasting Company (NBC)	456	(3)
Carnegie Model	458	(1)
In Practice Encyclopaedia Britannica	459	(4)
Incremental Decision Process Model	460	(3)
In Practice Gillette Company	463	(1)
The Learning Organization	464	(4)
Combining the Incremental Process and Carnegie Models	464	(1)
Garbage Can Model	465	(3)
In Practice Casablanca	468	(1)
Contingency Decision-Making Framework	469	(4)
Problem Consensus	470	(1)
Technical Knowledge About Solutions	470	(1)
Contingency Framework	471	(2)
Special Decision Circumstances	473	(1)
High-Velocity Environments	473	(1)
Book Mark 12.0 Winning Decisions: Getting It Right the First Time	474	(2)
Decision Mistakes and Learning	475	(1)
Escalating Commitment	475	(1)
Summary and Interpretation	476	(2)
Chapter 12 Workbook Decision Styles	478	(1)
Case for Analysis Cracking the Whip	479	(1)
Case for Analysis The Dilemma of Aliesha State College: Competence Versus Need	480	(6)
Chapter Thirteen
Conflict, Power, and Politics	486	(1)
A Look Inside Pacific Medical Center	487	(1)
Purpose of This Chapter	487	(1)
Intergroup Conflict in Organizations	487	(4)
Sources of Conflict	489	(2)
Leading by Design Advanced Cardiovascular Systems (ACS)	491	(2)
Rational Versus Political Model	492	(1)
Power and Organizations	493	(4)
Individual Versus Organizational Power	493	(1)
Power Versus Authority	494	(1)
Vertical Sources of Power	494	(3)
In Practice Morgan Stanley Dean Witter	497	(4)
Horizontal Sources of Power	498	(3)
In Practice University of Illinois	501	(1)
In Practice Crystal Manufacturing	502	(1)
Political Processes in Organizations	503	(2)
Definition	504	(1)
When is Political Activity Used?	504	(1)
Using Power, Politics, and Collaboration	505	(4)
Tactics for Increasing Power	506	(1)
Political Tactics for Using Power	507	(2)
In Practice Yahoo!	509	(1)
Book Mark 13.0 Influence: Science and Practice	509	(1)
Tactics for Enhancing Collaboration	510	(1)
In Practice Aluminum Company of America/International Association of Machinists	510	(3)
Summary and Interpretation	513	(2)
Chapter 13 Workbook How Do You Handle Conflict?	515	(1)
Case for Analysis The Daily Tribune	516	(2)
Case for Analysis Pierre Dux	518	(6)
INTEGRATIVE CASES	524	(76)
It Isn't So Simple: Infrastructure Change at Royce Consulting	526	(5)
Custom Chip, Inc.	531	(7)
W. L. Gore & Associates, Inc., Entering 1998	538	(17)
XEL Communications, Inc. (C) Forming a Strategic Partnership	555	(7)
National Bank of San Francisco	562	(3)
The Audubon Zoo	565	(15)
Dowling Flexible Metals	580	(4)
Littleton Manufacturing (A)	584	(13)
Littleton Manufacturing (B)	597	(3)
Glossary	600	(7)
Name Index	607	(9)
Corporate Index	616	(3)
Subject Index	619