Organizational Identity A Reader

by Hatch, Mary Jo; Schultz, Majken

• ISBN13: 9780199269471
• ISBN10: 0199269475
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2004-05-20
• Publisher: Oxford University Press

Summary

Organizational Identity presents the classic works on organizational identity alongside more current thinking on the issues. Ranging from theoretical contributions to empirical studies, the readings in this volume address the key issues of organizational identity, and show how these issues have developed through contributions from such diverse fields of study as sociology, psychology, management studies and cultural studies. The readings examine questions such as how organizations understand who they are, why organizations develop a sense of identity and belonging where the boundaries of identity lie and the implications of postmodern and critical theories' challenges to the concept of identity as deeply-rooted and authentic. Includes work by: Stuart Albert, Mats Alvesson, Blake E. Ashforth, Marilynn B. Brewer, George Cheney, Lars Thoger Christensen, C.H. Cooley, Kevin G. Corley, Barbara Czarniawska, Janet M. Dukerich, Jane E. Dutton, Kimberly D. Elsbach, Wendi Gardner, Linda E. Ginzela, Dennis A. Gioia, E. Goffman, Karen Golden-Biddle, Mary Jo Hatch, Roderick M. Kramer, Fred Mael, G.H. Mead, Michael G. Pratt, Anat Rafaeli, Hayagreeva Rao, Majken Schultz, Howard S. Schwartz, Robert I. Sutton, Henri Taijfel, John Turner, David A. Wherren, and Hugh Willmott. Intended to provide easy access to this material for students of organizational identity, it will also be of interest more broadly to students of business, sociology and psychology.

Author Biography

Mary Jo Hatch (PhD Stanford 1985) is Professor of Commerce at the McIntire School of Commerce, University of Virginia (USA). Related to her work on organizational identity, she has published numerous articles on organizational culture, organizational symbolism, and organizational identity and image in academic journals such as the Academy of Management Review, Human Relations, the Journal of Management Inquiry and the European Journal of Marketing. Other publications include the textbook 'Organization Theory: Modern, Symbolic and Postmodern Perspectives' (OUP 1997) and 'The Expressive Organization: Linking Identity, Reputation and the Corporate Brand' (OUP 2000, co -edited with Majken Schultz and Mogens Holten Larsen). Majken Schultz (PhD Copenhagen Business School 1986) is Professor of Management at the Copenhagen Business School at the Department of Intercultural Communication and Management. She is currently leading the research-based Corporate Brand Initiative in collaboration with Mary Jo Hatch. She has published numerous articles on organizational culture, corporate reputations and organizational identity, and image interrelations in academic journals such as the Academy of Management Review, Human Relations, Organization Studies, the Journal of Management Inquiry, Corporate Reputation Review and the European Journal of Marketing. Other publications include 'The Expressive Organization: Linking Identity, Reputation and the Corporate Brand' (OUP 2000, co -edited with Mary Jo Hatch and Mogens Holten Larsen).

Table of Contents

List of Contributors	xi
Introduction
Mary Jo Hatch and Majken Schultz	1	(15)
I. THE ROOTS OF ORGANIZATIONAL IDENTITY IN SOCIOLOGY AND SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY
1. Society and the Individual
C.H. Cooley	16	(14)
Develops the social aspects of self and integrates individual and social levels of analysis. Introduces the notion of 'looking-glass self' and includes ideas about the social self and the relations between self and image.
2. The Self: The and the 'Me'
G.H. Mead	30	(5)
Elaborates on the meaning and construction of self when distinguishing self from other kinds of social organisms. Introduces the distinction between the and the 'me' that serves for social identity theory.
3. The Arts of Impression Management
E. Goffiuan	35	(21)
Introduces the notion of impression management at a collective level of analysis and the role of audiences in the context of self-presentation.
4. An Integrative Theory of Intergroup Conflict
Henri Tajfel and John Turner	56	(10)
Credited with the development of social identity theory in the field of psychology.
5. Who is this 'We'? Levels of Collective Identity and Self Representations
Marilynn B. Brewer and Wendi Gardner	66	(23)
Introduces three levels of analysis of self: Individual (personal self-concept), interpersonal (relational self-concept) and group (collective self-concept) level.
II. EARLY DEVELOPMENT OF ORGANIZATIONAL IDENTITY THEORY
6. Organizational Identity
Stuart Albert and David A. Whetten	89	(30)
First statement of organizational identity theory including definition of the concept and discussion of dual-identity organizations.
7. Anti-social Actions of Committed Organizational Participants: An Existential Psychoanalytic Perspective
Howard S. Schwartz	119	(15)
Provides a psychoanalytic framework for organizational identity research. Presents the Silkwood case as an empirical application of the framework.
8. Social Identity Theory and the Organization
Blake E. Ashforth and Fred Mael	134	(27)
Introduces the concept of organizational identification to organization studies.
9. Organization: From Substance to Image?
Mats Alvesson	161	(22)
Introduces the concept of organizational image to organizational identity studies.
10. Keeping an Eye on the Mirror: Image and Identity in Organizational Adaptation
Jane E. Dutton and Janet M. Dukerich	183	(40)
Ties organizational identity and image into a grounded theory of how strategic issues are related to organizational action through concern for organizational identity. Presents the case of New York and New Jersey Port Authority on which the grounded theory is built.
11. Organizational Impression Management as a Reciprocal Influence Process: The Neglected Role of the Organizational Audience
Linda E. Ginzel, Roderick M. Kramer, and Robert I. Sutton	223	(52)
Examines the contribution of impression management to the concept of organizational image and introduces the interrelations between multiple audiences. Provides a link between Goffman, the field of impression management, and organization studies.
III. RECENT DEVELOPMENTS IN ORGANIZATIONAL IDENTITY THEORY
III.i: Multiple Identities
12. Organizational Dress as a Symbol of Multilayered Social Identities Michael
G. Pratt and Anat Rafaeli	275	(1)
Study of a rehabilitation unit of a large hospital reveals how organizational members used the symbol of dress to represent and negotiate the identities of their work unit and the nursing profession.
13. Breaches in the Boardroom: Organizational Identity and Conflicts of Commitment in a Nonprofit Organization
Karen Golden-Biddle and Hayagreeva Rao	313	(1)
Links individual and organizational identity with corporate governance. Elaborates the concept of hybrid identity and identity conflicts.
III.ii: Stability and Change in Organizational Identity
14. Organizational Identity, Image, and Adaptive Instability
Dennis A. Gioia, Majken Schultz, and Kevin G. Corley	349	(1)
Challenges Albert and Whetten's definition of identity and Dutton and Dukerich's definition of image and introduces the concept of adaptive instability.
15. The Dynamics of Organizational Identity
Mary Jo Hatch and Majken Schultz	377	(1)
Presents a dynamic model of four processes through which organizational identity is formed, maintained and transformed. Discusses links between the concepts of organizational identity, culture and stakeholder images of the organization.
IIl.iii: Identity as Narrative and Discourse
16. Narratives of Individual and Organizational Identities
Barbara Czarniawska-Joerges	407	(1)
Introduces a narrative perspective on organizational identity using institutional theory as a framing device. Presents data from a longitudinal study of Swedish Public Sector Organizations.
17. Identity Regulation as Organizational Control Producing the Appropriate Individual
Mats Alvesson and Hugh Willmott	436	(1)
Provides a critical theory framework for organizational identity studies. Criticizes identity regulation in organizations as a form of control that needs to be acknowledged in order to encourage the emancipation of workers.
III.iv: Audiences for Identity
18. Members' Responses to Organizational Identity Threats: Encountering and Countering the Business Week Rankings
Kimberly D. Elsbach and Roderick M. Kramer	469	(1)
Investigates how organizational members respond to events that threaten their organization's identity. Presents data collected on business school responses to the Business Week survey rankings of U.S. business schools.
19. Organizational Identity: Linkages Between Internal and External Communication
George Cheney and Lars Thøger Christensen	510	(1)
Based in the field of organizational communication, presents the contributions of issue management to organizational identity theory.
Index	559