Organized Crime

by Lyman, Michael D.; Potter, Gary W.

• ISBN13: 9780130100207
• ISBN10: 013010020X
• Edition: 2nd
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 2000-01-01
• Publisher: Prentice Hall

Summary

For undergraduate or graduate courses in Organized Crime in the departments of criminal justice or police studies. This text demystifies the world of organized crime by analyzing it closely and critically from a social perspective. Groups such as Afro-American, Mexican, Asian, Colombian, African, and Jamaican criminal groups are discussed as well as their Italian criminal counterparts who are typically thought of when the term organized crime is used. The text gives students the history, current role, and future of players in the world of organized crime, along with insight on what the criminal justice system is doing to suppress organized criminals.

Table of Contents

Preface	ix
Understanding Organized Crime	1	(62)
Introduction	2	(1)
The Book's Focus	3	(1)
Defining Organized Crime	4	(5)
Problems Caused by Organized Crime	6	(1)
Attributes of Organized Crime	6	(2)
Understanding the Mafia	8	(1)
Categories of Organized Criminal Behavior	9	(4)
Provision of Illicit Services	10	(1)
Provision of Illicit Goods	10	(1)
Conspiracy	10	(1)
Penetration of Legitimate Business	11	(1)
Extortion	11	(1)
Corruption	11	(2)
Definitions by Crime Commissions	13	(3)
The Sicilian Seed	16	(2)
The Village Becomes Organized	16	(2)
The Camorra	18	(1)
Investigations into Organized Crime	18	(21)
Mussolini's Mafia Purge	18	(2)
The Hennessey Assassination	20	(3)
The Castellammarese War	23	(1)
Thomas Dewey and the Mob	24	(3)
The Kefauver Committee	27	(1)
The Apalachin Incident	28	(2)
The Valachi Hearings	30	(3)
Bobby Kennedy's Justice Department Task Force	33	(1)
Palermo's Maxitrial	34	(1)
The Pizza Connection	35	(2)
Giuliani's Mafia Trials	37	(2)
Louis Freeh and the New Mafia War	39	(1)
Models of Organized Crime	39	(13)
The President's Commission on Organized Crime	39	(4)
Cressey's Cosa Nostra Model	43	(4)
Albini's Patron-Client Model	47	(1)
Smith's Enterprise Model	48	(1)
Ianni's Kinship Group Model	49	(1)
Chambliss's Crime Network Model	49	(1)
Haller's Partnership Model	50	(1)
Block's Description of Enterprise and Power Syndicates	50	(2)
Nontraditional Organized Crime	52	(2)
Organizational Constraints	54	(2)
Reuter on Economic Constraints	54	(1)
Mastrofski and Potter on Organizational Constraints	55	(1)
Organized Crime, the Media, and Popular Culture	56	(4)
What Have We Learned?	60	(1)
Do You Recognize These Terms?	61	(1)
Discussion Questions	62	(1)
Suggested Reading	62	(1)
Theories of Organized Criminal Behavior	63	(34)
Introduction	64	(1)
Alien Conspiracy Theory	65	(1)
Rational Choice Theory	66	(3)
Deterrence Theory	69	(1)
Psychological Traits and Criminality	70	(4)
The Antisocial Personality	70	(3)
The Dependent Personality	73	(1)
Learning Theories	74	(2)
Miller on Gangs	74	(1)
Sutherland and Differential Association	75	(1)
Suttles on Community History	76	(1)
Conflict Theory	76	(1)
Social Disorganization Theories	77	(3)
Relative Deprivation	77	(1)
Bell's ``Queer Ladder of Mobility'' Theory	78	(1)
Merton and Anomie	78	(1)
Cloward and Ohlin on Differential Opportunity	79	(1)
Taylor, Walton, and Young on Blocked Opportunity	79	(1)
Cultural Deviance Theories	80	(1)
Culture Conflict	80	(1)
Smith's Enterprise Theory	80	(1)
Organizational Theory and Organized Crime	81	(4)
Two Empirical Conclusions	83	(2)
Social Implications	85	(1)
Organized Crime as a Community Social Institution	85	(9)
Aligning with Legitimate Business	86	(2)
Benefits for Legitimate Business	88	(1)
Illicit Income for Community Members	88	(1)
``Legitimate'' Employment Opportunities	89	(1)
Community Acceptance of Organized Crime	89	(1)
The Corruption Link	90	(2)
Interfacing with the Community	92	(2)
What Have We Learned?	94	(1)
Do You Recognize These Terms?	95	(1)
Discussion Questions	95	(1)
Suggested Reading	95	(2)
The Evolution of Organized Crime	97	(76)
Introduction	98	(1)
The Irish Immigration	99	(1)
The Political Machine (1830-1919)	100	(6)
The Tammany Hall Machine	100	(2)
The Pendergast Political Machine	102	(4)
The Early Drug Syndicates (1915-1930)	106	(1)
The Prohibition Era (1920-1933)	107	(2)
The Chicago Mob	109	(6)
The Capone Legacy	109	(4)
Sam Giancana (1908-1975)	113	(2)
Ethnicity and Organized Crime in Chicago	115	(1)
The New York Mob	115	(24)
The Masseria and Maranzano Assassinations	115	(2)
Lucky Luciano and New York's New Order	117	(2)
The Siegel, Lansky, and Las Vegas Connection	119	(3)
The Black Hand	122	(1)
The Unione Siciliana	123	(1)
Arnold Rothstein	124	(1)
Dutch Schultz	125	(3)
Frank Costello	128	(1)
Frank Erikson	129	(1)
Vito Genovese	129	(3)
Joseph Bonanno	132	(1)
Joseph Colombo	133	(1)
Carlo Gambino	134	(1)
Paul Castellano	134	(1)
John Gotti	135	(4)
The Philadelphia Mob	139	(4)
Philadelphia and the National Syndicate	140	(3)
The New Breed	143	(3)
Pablo Escobar	143	(3)
Historical Perspectives on Rural Organized Crime in the South	146	(24)
Piracy on the High Seas	147	(3)
Land and River Pirates	150	(4)
Vice Districts in the Frontier South	154	(3)
Gambling	157	(3)
New Orleans Street Gangs	160	(1)
Procuring and Prostitution	161	(4)
Bootlegging and Moonshining	165	(5)
What Have We Learned?	170	(1)
Do You Recognize These Terms?	171	(1)
Discussion Questions	171	(1)
Suggested Reading	171	(2)
The Businesses of Organized Crime	173	(38)
Introduction	174	(1)
Delivery of Illicit Goods and Services	175	(1)
Corruption	176	(2)
Pornography	178	(4)
Forms of Pornography	179	(1)
Organized Crime and Pornography	179	(3)
Prostitution	182	(6)
Types of Prostitutes	183	(4)
Organization	187	(1)
Drug Trafficking	188	(2)
The Distribution Chain	188	(2)
Gambling	190	(5)
The Process	191	(2)
Bookmaking	193	(1)
Sports Betting	194	(1)
The Effects of Gambling	194	(1)
Loansharking	195	(1)
Business Racketeering	196	(3)
Reasons to Diversify	197	(2)
Labor Racketeering	199	(3)
Money Laundering	202	(6)
The Underground Economy	203	(2)
The Money-Laundering Process	205	(3)
What Have We Learned?	208	(1)
Do You Recognize These Terms?	209	(1)
Discussion Questions	209	(1)
Suggested Reading	210	(1)
The Illicit Drug Trade	211	(35)
Introduction	212	(1)
Drug Control: A Brief History	212	(2)
Early Drug Regulation	213	(1)
The Impact of Drugs on Society	214	(2)
The Pervasiveness of Drug Abuse	216	(1)
Measuring Drug Abuse	216	(1)
Drugs and Crime	217	(4)
Drugs and Violent Crime	219	(1)
Drugs and Income-Generated Crime	220	(1)
Drugs and Organized Crime	221	(2)
Players in the Drug Business	222	(1)
The Business of Drugs	223	(3)
Trends of Organized Drug Trafficking	223	(1)
Recent Trafficking Patterns	224	(1)
Heroin's Return	225	(1)
The Drug Trade Today	226	(1)
Southwest and Southeast Asia	227	(1)
The Golden Triangle	227	(1)
The Golden Crescent	228	(1)
Mexico	228	(2)
South American Countries	230	(2)
Bolivia	230	(1)
Peru	231	(1)
Colombia	231	(1)
Common Drugs of Abuse	232	(1)
Categories of Dangerous Drugs	232	(7)
Narcotics	232	(1)
Stimulants	233	(2)
Hallucinogens	235	(1)
Depressants	236	(1)
Cannabis	236	(1)
Inhalants	237	(2)
Drug Control Strategies	239	(4)
Police-Community Drug Control Efforts	242	(1)
Other Control Strategies	242	(1)
What Have We Learned?	243	(1)
Do You Recognize These Terms?	244	(1)
Discussion Questions	244	(1)
Suggested Reading	245	(1)
Domestic Organized Crime Groups	246	(53)
Introduction	247	(1)
Black Organized Crime	247	(4)
New York	248	(1)
Chicago	249	(1)
Pittsburgh	250	(1)
Philadelphia	250	(1)
Newport	250	(1)
Contemporary Black Organized Crime	251	(3)
Leroy ``Nicky'' Barnes	252	(1)
Frank Mathews	252	(1)
Jeff Fort	253	(1)
Charles Lucas	253	(1)
Youth Gangs	254	(10)
Defining Youth Gangs	254	(1)
Why Street Gangs Exist	255	(1)
How Street Gangs are Organized	256	(1)
Structure and Member Status	257	(1)
Laws Addressing Gang Violence	258	(1)
Characteristics of Gang Members	259	(3)
Black Youth Gangs	262	(1)
Hispanic Youth Gangs	263	(1)
The Mobility of Youth Gangs	263	(1)
Outlaw Motorcycle Gangs	264	(13)
The OMG-Organized Crime Link	265	(1)
Organizational Structure	266	(2)
Criminal Activity	268	(4)
The Hall's Angels	272	(2)
The Outlaws	274	(1)
The Pagans	275	(1)
The Bandidos	276	(1)
Prison Gangs	277	(2)
Prison Gangs Today	279	(12)
Gang Member Recruitment	279	(2)
Gang Structure	281	(1)
Gang Operating Procedure	281	(1)
The Mexican Mafia	282	(3)
The Nuestra Familia	285	(1)
The Texas Syndicate	286	(1)
The Aryan Brotherhood	287	(4)
The Black Guerilla Family	291	(1)
Rural Organized Crime	291	(5)
The Wholesale Market	293	(1)
The Retail Market	294	(1)
Characteristic of Rural Organized Crime Groups	295	(1)
What Have We Learned?	296	(1)
Do You Recognize These Terms?	297	(1)
Discussion Questions	297	(1)
Suggested Reading	297	(2)
A Comparative Perspective	299	(61)
Introduction	300	(1)
Transnational Organized Crime	300	(10)
Reconstructing Organized Crime as an International Bogeyman	300	(1)
The International Political Economy and Organized Crime	301	(3)
The Changing Character of Organized Crime in a Global Economy	304	(2)
Challenges to State Sovereignty and Security	306	(2)
Future Trends Affecting Criminal Organizations	308	(2)
Colombian Organized Crime	310	(1)
The Colombian Cartels	311	(1)
The Medellin Cartel	312	(2)
The Cali Cartel	314	(3)
Trouble in Cali	314	(1)
Management and Organizational Structure	315	(2)
Cuban Organized Crime	317	(2)
The Marielitos	318	(1)
An Overview	319	(1)
Asian Organized Crime	319	(1)
The Triads	320	(3)
Triad Organizational Structure	321	(1)
Triads and the Drug Trade	322	(1)
The Tongs	323	(1)
The Sicilian-COC Alliance	324	(1)
The Shan United Army	324	(1)
Vietnamese Gangs	325	(1)
The Yakuza	325	(2)
Gang Structure	326	(1)
The Shining Path	327	(1)
The Jamaican Posses	328	(5)
Organizational Structure	329	(1)
Jamaica's Political History	330	(2)
Jamaicans and the Cocaine Trade	332	(1)
European Organized Crime	333	(3)
Eastern and Central Europe	333	(1)
Europe's Shadow Economy	334	(2)
Italy's Mafia Wars	336	(3)
Italy's Mafia Structure	339	(1)
Russian Organized Crime	339	(7)
Organization and Structure	341	(1)
Operating Style	342	(4)
African Organized Crime	346	(11)
Defining the Context of Organized Crime in Africa	346	(3)
Organized Crime in Nigeria	349	(5)
The Emergence of Syndicated Drug Trafficking in South Africa	354	(2)
Conclusions	356	(1)
What Have We Learned?	357	(1)
Do You Recognize These Terms?	358	(1)
Discussion Questions	359	(1)
Suggested Reading	359	(1)
Terrorism as Organized Crime	360	(56)
Introduction	361	(2)
Defining Terrorism	362	(1)
Who Are the Terrorists?	363	(1)
Forms of Terrorism	364	(2)
Categories of Terrorism	366	(1)
Recent Changes in Terrorism	366	(1)
The Use of Chemical and Biological Weapons	367	(1)
Infoterrorism	368	(1)
International Terrorism	369	(10)
Middle Eastern Terrorists	371	(2)
West European Terrorists	373	(1)
Latin American Terrorists	374	(2)
State-Organized Crime	376	(1)
State-Sponsored Terrorism and U.S. Foreign Policy	377	(2)
U.S. Intelligence Agency Collaboration with Organized Crime	379	(4)
The OSS in Italy and Marseilles	380	(1)
The CIA in Southeast Asia	381	(1)
The CIA in Southwest Asia	382	(1)
The CIA and Money Laundering in Florida and the Cribbean Basin	382	(1)
The Nugan-Hand Bank	382	(1)
The Bank of Credit and Commerce International	383	(1)
Cuban Organized Crime Groups	383	(1)
The Iran-Contra Affair	384	(6)
Medellin Cartel Support of the Contras	385	(1)
Drug Smuggling by the Contras	385	(3)
What Did They Know and When Did They Know It?	388	(2)
Domestic Terrorism	390	(4)
The Bombing in Oklahoma City	392	(2)
Other Recent Incidents	394	(1)
The Ideological Left	394	(2)
The Ideological Right	396	(2)
Domestic Terrorism: White Supremacist and Hate Groups	397	(1)
The Birth of Militias	398	(2)
Triggering Events	399	(1)
Other Domestic Terrorist Groups	400	(4)
Christian Identity Groups	401	(1)
White Nationalists	401	(1)
Third-Position White Supremacists	401	(1)
Neo-Nazi Skinheads	402	(1)
Racial Survivalists	402	(1)
Fifth-Era Ku Klux Klan Groups	403	(1)
Posse Comitatus	403	(1)
Populists	403	(1)
Single-Issue Terrorist Activity	404	(3)
Anti-Abortion Activists	405	(2)
The Media's Role in Terrorism	407	(1)
Controlling Terrorism	407	(7)
The 1996 Antiterrorism Bill	408	(6)
What Have We Learned?	414	(1)
Do You Recognize These Terms?	415	(1)
Discussion Questions	415	(1)
Suggested Reading	415	(1)
Organized Crime's Political and Corporate Alliance	416	(48)
Introduction	417	(1)
Understanding the Connection	418	(1)
Organized Crime and the Political Systems	419	(2)
The Mob and JFK	421	(5)
JFK's Political Debts	423	(3)
Organized Crime and Richard Nixon	426	(2)
The Teamsters Endorsement	428	(1)
Organized Crime and Ronald Reagan	428	(10)
Senator Paul Laxalt	428	(4)
Jackie Presser	432	(1)
Roy Williams	432	(1)
Reagan and the International Longshoremen's Associations	433	(1)
Raymond Donovan	434	(1)
Other Reagan Administration Ties to Organized Crime	435	(1)
Payback	436	(2)
Bill Clinton and the Whitewater Scandal	438	(1)
Organized Crime and the Business Community	439	(2)
Reciprocity	440	(1)
The Worlds of Meyer Lansky	441	(14)
Lansky's Inner Circle	442	(3)
More on Las Vegas	445	(2)
The Move to Florida	447	(1)
Cuba	448	(1)
The Banks	448	(1)
The Bahamas	449	(1)
International Activities	450	(2)
Other Financiers	452	(1)
Moe Dalitz	452	(1)
The Teamsters and the Dorfmans	452	(2)
Ed Levinson	454	(1)
Reuben Sturman	454	(1)
Were There Others?	455	(1)
Organized Crime, the CIA, and the Savings and Loan Scandal	455	(6)
First National Bank of Maryland	456	(1)
Palmer National Bank	457	(1)
Indian Springs Bank	458	(1)
Vision Banc Savings	459	(1)
Hill Financial Savings	459	(1)
Sunshine State Bank	459	(1)
Mario Renda, Lender to the Mob	460	(1)
Full Service Banking	460	(1)
What Have We Learned?	461	(1)
Do You Recognize These Terms?	462	(1)
Discussion Questions	463	(1)
Suggested Reading	463	(1)
Controlling Organized Crime	464	(47)
Introduction	465	(1)
The Police Response	465	(6)
Police Jurisdiction	466	(1)
Controlling Police Actions	467	(1)
The Constitution and the Police	467	(1)
Undercover Operations	468	(1)
Informants	469	(2)
Intelligence Operations	471	(3)
Intelligence versus Criminal Investigations	472	(1)
Intelligence Agencies	472	(1)
Improving Intelligence Investigations	473	(1)
Legal Initiatives	474	(2)
The 1986 Money-Laundering Control Act	475	(1)
The 1988 Chemical and Diversion and Trafficking Act	475	(1)
The Internal Revenue Code	476	(1)
Electronic Surveillance	476	(1)
Asset Forfeiture	477	(5)
Advantages of Civil Forfeiture	479	(2)
What Can Be Seized?	481	(1)
Forfeiture of Attorney's Fees	481	(1)
The RICO Statute	482	(3)
RICO's Basics	483	(1)
Criticisms of RICO	484	(1)
Advantages of RICO	485	(1)
The Continuing Criminal Enterprise Statute	485	(1)
Conspiracy Statutes	486	(1)
The Comprehensive Drug Abuse Prevention and Control Act	487	(1)
Multijurisdictional Task Forces	488	(1)
The Organized Crime Drug Enforcement Task Force	488	(1)
The Investigative Grand Jury	489	(1)
The Statewide Grand Jury	490	(1)
The Witness Security Program	490	(1)
Evaluating Efforts to Control Organized Crime	491	(1)
The Headhunting Strategy	491	(4)
The Effectiveness of Headhunting	492	(1)
Problems with Headhunting	493	(2)
Fighting Corruption	495	(1)
Cleaning Up Money Laundries	496	(1)
Drug Decriminalization	497	(2)
Opposing Decriminalization	497	(2)
The Effectiveness of Organized Crime Prosecutions	499	(3)
Why Won't It Die?	501	(1)
The Future of Organized Crime	502	(4)
Today's Crime Trends	503	(1)
Information Theft	503	(1)
The Power of Legitimacy	504	(1)
Satellite Technology	505	(1)
The Nuclear Mafia	505	(1)
What Have We Learned?	506	(3)
Do You Recognize These Terms?	509	(1)
Discussion Questions	509	(1)
Suggested Reading	509	(2)
References	511	(18)
Index	529