Orientation to Nursing in the Rural Community

by Angeline Bushy

• ISBN13: 9780761911562
• ISBN10: 0761911561
• Edition: 1st
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 2000-07-21
• Publisher: Sage Publications, Inc

Summary

This book examines the evolving health care delivery systems and the role of nursing within the rural context. Divided into three parts including perspectives from experts in Australia and Canada, the book covers the foundations of rural nursing, special populations, and future perspectives. Students of nursing will find special features in each chapter-such as a list of objectives, key terms, points to remember, suggested research activities, and discussion questions.

Table of Contents

Preface	x
Acknowledgments	xii
PART I: FOUNDATIONS OF RURAL NURSING	1	(70)
Nursing and Rural Health Care Delivery: Yesterday and Today	3	(14)
Increased Awareness	4	(1)
Historical Perspectives	5	(2)
Cross-Cutting Issues	7	(6)
Rural Nursing: The Big Picture	13	(1)
Summary	14	(3)
Definitions of Rural and Their Implications	17	(14)
Federal Definitions	18	(10)
Implications	28	(1)
Rural-Urban Continuum	29	(1)
Summary	29	(2)
Theoretical foundations for Nursing in Rural Environments	31	(14)
The Phenomenon of Ruralness	32	(2)
A Theory for Nursing in Rural Environments	34	(4)
Borrowed Theories Relevant to Rural Nursing	38	(4)
Summary	42	(3)
The Community Health Assessment (CHA) Process: Building Partnerships	45	(16)
Background and Rationale	46	(1)
Nurses as Partners	47	(1)
Theoretical Perspectives	47	(1)
The CHA Process	48	(10)
Summary	58	(3)
Exemplar: A framework for Rural Nursing Interventions	61	(10)
Jeri W. Dunkin
Structural Factors	62	(2)
Sociocultural Factors	64	(1)
Financial Factors	65	(1)
Health-Seeking Behaviors	65	(1)
Participation Mediators	66	(1)
Service Utilization	67	(1)
Outcome Mediators	67	(1)
Outcomes	68	(1)
Summary	68	(3)
PART II: SPECIAL POPULATIONS	71	(100)
Special and At-Risk Rural Populations	73	(14)
Terms and Definitions	74	(3)
Web of Causation, Risk, and Vulnerability	77	(1)
Ethical and Legal Considerations	78	(1)
Counterbalancing Forces	79	(1)
Nursing Roles and Interventions	80	(3)
Summary	83	(4)
Cultural-Linguistic Competence: Rural Considerations	87	(20)
Background and Rationale	88	(1)
Minority Health Disparities	88	(1)
Predominant Rural Minority Groups	89	(3)
The Cultural-Linguistic Competence Continuum	92	(2)
Dimensions of Culture: Rural Considerations	94	(7)
Becoming Competent	101	(2)
Summary	103	(4)
Behavioral Health Care: Rural Issues and Strategies	107	(18)
Background	108	(1)
Availability of Providers and Services	109	(3)
Linking Formal and Informal Resources	112	(1)
Self-Reliance Versus Dependency	112	(1)
Advocating a Work Ethic	113	(1)
Implementing and Evaluating Nursing Services	114	(1)
Ensuring Anonymity and Confidentiality	115	(1)
Client Satisfaction and Professional Burnout	116	(1)
Recommendations	116	(5)
Summary	121	(4)
America's Lost Population: The Rural Homeless	125	(16)
Background and Definitions	126	(1)
Describing the Rural Homeless	127	(1)
Contributing Factors	128	(8)
Partnerships for Prevention	136	(2)
Legal and Ethical Considerations	138	(1)
Summary	139	(2)
HIV/AIDS: The Silent Enemy Within Rural Communities	141	(14)
Epidemiologic Trends	142	(2)
At-Risk Groups	144	(1)
Social Isolation	144	(1)
Access to Services and Providers	145	(2)
Education	147	(2)
Enhancing Resources for PLWAs	149	(2)
Summary	151	(4)
Rural Occupational Safety, Health, and Nursing	155	(16)
Epidemiology of Rural Occupational Hazards and Injuries	156	(1)
National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) Rural Initiative	157	(6)
Occupational Safety and Health Promotion Education	163	(1)
Emergency Medical Services (EMS)	163	(1)
Agriculture Health Nursing	164	(2)
Nursing Research Needs	166	(1)
Summary	166	(5)
PART III: NATIONAL AND GLOBAL FUTURISTIC PERSPECTIVES	171	(94)
The Meaning of Managed Care for Rural America	173	(14)
Evolution of the U.S. Health Care Delivery System	174	(2)
Defining Managed Care	176	(3)
MCOs and the Rural Market	179	(6)
Summary	185	(2)
Rural Nursing in the United States	187	(16)
Background	188	(1)
Nursing Workforce Trends	189	(2)
Initiatives to Improve Access to Care	191	(1)
Expanded Role Opportunities for Rural Nurses	191	(2)
Rural Nursing: Rewards and Challenges	193	(6)
Summary	199	(4)
Rural Nursing in Australia	203	(14)
Desley Hegney
Introduction	204	(1)
The Australian Health Care System	205	(1)
Health Status of Rural Australians	205	(1)
Rural Health Services	206	(1)
Initiatives to Restructure Services	206	(1)
Defining Rural in the Australian Context	207	(1)
Rural Nurses: Demographics	208	(1)
The Scope of Nursing Practice	209	(1)
Rural Practice Issues	209	(4)
Summary	213	(4)
Rural Nursing in Canada	217	(16)
Donna C. Rennie
Kathryn Baird-Crooks
Gail Remus
Joyce Engel
Background	218	(2)
The Canadian Health Care System	220	(1)
Health of Rural Dwellers in Canada	220	(1)
Health Services in Rural Areas	221	(2)
Defining Rural and Rural Nursing in the Canadian Context	223	(1)
History of Rural Nursing in Canada	224	(1)
Rural Nursing Demographics	225	(1)
Scope of Nursing Practice	225	(1)
Factors Affecting Rural Nursing Practice	226	(2)
Summary	228	(5)
Analysis of Rural Nursing: Australia, Canada, United States	233	(10)
Background	234	(1)
Reforming Health Care Delivery Systems	235	(1)
How to Define Rural?	236	(1)
Features of Rural Nursing Practice	236	(2)
Visibility Versus Anonymity	238	(1)
Education, Recruitment, and Retention Issues	239	(1)
Technology and the Global Village	240	(1)
Rural Nursing as a Specialty Area of Practice	240	(1)
Summary	241	(2)
Ethical Situations: What Nurses in Rural Practice Should Know	243	(10)
Background and Rationale	244	(1)
Recognizing Ethical Situations	245	(1)
Institutional Bioethics Committees	246	(2)
Recommendations	248	(1)
Summary	249	(4)
Research: The Link Between Rural Theory and Evidence-Based Practice	253	(12)
Background	254	(1)
Why Rural Nursing Research?	255	(1)
Rural Research Considerations	256	(6)
Developing a Theory for Rural Nursing	262	(1)
Summary	262	(3)
Appendix A: Hypertext links to Access Internet Sites Related to Rural Nursing	265	(4)
Appendix B: Nonmetropolitan Counties, 1997	269	(1)
Appendix C: Frontier Counties, 1994	270	(1)
Appendix D: Legislation Affecting Rural Health Care	271	(2)
Appendix E: Health Professional Shortage Areas (HPSAs), 1997	273	(1)
Appendix F: USDA County Type: Persistent Poverty, 1989	274	(1)
Index	275	(6)
About the Author	281	(2)
About the Contributing Authors	283