Osteoarthritis

by Brandt, Kenneth D.; Doherty, Michael; Lohmander, L. Stefan

• ISBN13: 9780192627353
• ISBN10: 019262735X
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 1998-03-19
• Publisher: Oxford University Press

Summary

In recent years, a number of new developments have greatly enhanced our understanding of the aetiology, pathogenesis, and management of osteoarthritis. Understanding of the mechanism of cartilege breakdown has advanced, and new evidence from animal models have shown that the development and progression of osteoarthritis can be prevented or retarded pharmacologically. With more and more cases of this disease being seen each year, there are extensive research programs underway to find effective treatments for this disease. Osteoarthrities brings together an international team of acclaimed experts on this prevalent disease to provide a comprehensive textbook examining all aspects of this increasingly common condition. Included amongst others, are sections describing the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis, its clinical features, and the standard approaches to diagnosis. There are also sections covering in depth, the management of OA, and the prospects for pharmacological treatments of joint breakdown in ostoarthritis. While being an important text for rheumatologists and orthopedic surgeons, it will also be of great interest to physical therapists, radiologists, pathologists, epidemiologists, and general practitioners. Extensive illustrated, and incorporating the most recent advances in OA research, Osteoarthritis is the definitive work in this highly important disease.

Author Biography

Kenneth D. Brandt: Rheumatology Division, Department of Medicine, and Department of Orthopaedic Surgery Indiana University School of Medicine USA Michael Doherty: Nottingham University Medical School Nottingham UK L. Stefan Lohmander: University Hospital Lund Sweden

Table of Contents

Acknowledgements	viii	(1)
Preface	ix	(2)
List of contributors	xi
1 Definition and classification of osteorthritis	1	(12)
Raymond H. Flores
Marc C. Hochberg
2 Epidemiology of osteoarthritis	13	(10)
David T. Felson
3 The economics of osteoarthritis	23	(8)
Edward Yelin
4 Hereditary osteoarthritis	31	(19)
Sergio A. Jimenez
Charlene J. Williams
David Karasick
5 Pathology of osteoarthritis	50	(12)
Kenneth P.H. Pritzker
6 Paleopathology of osteoarthritis	62	(8)
Juliet Rogers
7 Pathogenesis of osteoarthritis	70	(127)
7.1 Introduction: the concept of osteoarthritis as failure of the diarthrodial joint	70	(4)
Kenneth D. Brandt
L. Stefan Lohmander
Michael Doherty
7.2 Articular cartilage	74	(70)
7.2.1 Biochemistry and metabolism of normal and osteoarthritic cartilage	74	(10)
Dick Heinegard
Michael Bayliss
Pilar Lorenzo
7.2.2 Proteolytic degradation of normal and osteoarthritic cartilage matrix	84	(10)
John D. Sandy
Michael W. Lark
7.2.3 Articular cartilage regeneration	94	(14)
Jenny A. Tyler
Ernst B. Hunziker
7.2.4 Mechanical properties of normal and osteoarthritic articular cartilage	108	(15)
Van C. Mow
Lori A. Setton
7.2.5 Response of the chondrocyte to mechanical stimuli	123	(14)
Alan J. Grodzinsky
Young-Jo Kim
Michael D. Buschmann
A. Minerva Garcia
Thomas M. Quinn
Ernst B. Hunziker
7.2.6 Crystals and osteoarthritis	137	(7)
H. Ralph Schumacher Jr
7.3 Subchondral bone	144	(13)
David B. Burr
7.4 Synovium	157	(19)
7.4.1 Synovial mediators of cartilage damage and repair in osteoarthritis	157	(10)
Wim B. van den Berg
Peter M. van der Kraan
Henk M. van Beuningen
7.4.2 Synovial physiology in the context of osteoarthritis	167	(9)
Jo C.W. Edwards
7.5 Innervation of the joint and its role in osteoarthritis	176	(12)
Joel A. Vilensky
7.6 Muscle in osteoarthritis	188	(9)
Sheila O'Reilly
Adrian Jones
8 Clinical features of osteoarthritis and standard approaches to the diagnosis	197	(53)
8.1 Signs, symptoms, and laboratory tests	197	(20)
Sheila O' Reilly
Michael Doherty
8.2 Plain radiographic features of osteoarthritis	217	(20)
Frank M. Jewell
lain Watt
Michael Doherty
8.3 The natural history and prognosis of osteoarthritis	237	(13)
Cyrus Cooper
Elaine Dennison
9 Management of osteoarthritis	250	(153)
9.1 Introduction: the comprehensive approach	250	(5)
Kenneth D. Brandt
L. Stefan Lohmander
Michael Doherty
9.2 Why does the patient with osteoarthritis hurt?	255	(6)
Nortin M. Hadler
9.3 Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs	261	(11)
Marie R. Griffin
9.4 Systemic analgesics	272	(10)
John D. Bradley
Kenneth D. Brandt
9.5 Economic considerations in the use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs	282	(9)
Wayne A. Ray
9.6 Topical NSAIDs	291	(5)
Michael Doherty
Adrian Jones
9.7 Topical capsaicin cream	296	(3)
Kenneth D. Brandt
John D. Bradley
9.8 Intra-articular therapies in osteoarthritis	299	(8)
Adrian Jones
Michael Doherty
9.9 Physical therapy	307	(8)
Janet Cushnaghan
Susan Forster
9.10 The role of occupational therapy	315	(9)
Rebecca Barton
Judy Feinberg
9.11 Patient education	324	(7)
Kate Lorig
9.12 Social support	331	(7)
Steven A. Mazzuca
Morris Weinberger
9.13 Depression in osteoarthritis	338	(11)
Phyllis A. Dexter
John R. Hayes
9.14 Coping strategies for the patient with osteoarthritis	349	(10)
Francis J. Keefe
Susmita Kashikar-Zuck
David S. Caldwell
9.15 Joint lavage	359	(19)
Robert W. Ike
9.16 Surgical approaches to preserving and restoring articular cartilage	378	(10)
Joseph A. Buckwalter
L. Stefan Lohmander
9.17 Arthroplasty and its complications	388	(15)
Kaj Knutson
10 Evaluating outcome in osteoarthritis for research and clinical practice	403	(12)
Charles Rivest
Matthew H. Liang
11 Prospects for pharmacological modifications of joint breakdown in osteoarthritis	415	(116)
11.1 Introduction	415	(2)
Kenneth D. Brandt
L. Stefan Lohmander
Michael Doherty
11.2 Disease-modifying osteoarthritis drugs	417	(12)
Roy D. Altman
David S. Howell
11.3 Advantages afforded by the use of animal models for evaluation of potential disease-modifying osteoarthritis drugs (DMOADs)	429	(10)
Michael E.J. Billingham
11.4 The role of animal models in the discovery of novel disease-modifying osteoarthritis drugs (DMOADs)	439	(11)
Niall S. Doherty
R.J. Griffiths
E.R. Pettipher
11.5 Assessment of changes in joint tissues in patients treated with a disease-modifying osteoarthritis drug (DMOAD): monitoring outcomes	450	(81)
11.5.1 Radiographic grading systems	450	(9)
Deborah J. Hart
Tim D. Spector
11.5.2 Quantitation of radiographic changes	459	(14)
J. Christopher Buckland-Wright
11.5.3 Magnetic resonance imaging	473	(21)
Charles G. Peterfy
11.5.4 Arthroscopic evaluation of knee articular cartilage	494	(12)
Xavier Ayral
Roy D. Altman
11.5.5 Bone scintigraphy	506	(6)
Donald S. Schauwecker
11.5.6 Ultrasonography	512	(7)
Stephen Myers
11.5.7 Defining and validating the clinical role of molecular markers in osteoarthritis	519	(12)
L. Stefan Lohmander
David T. Felson
12 Design of clinical trials for evaluation of disease-modifying osteoarthritis drugs (DMOADs) and of new agents for symptomatic treatment of osteoarthritis	531	(12)
Nicholas Bellamy
Appendix 1 The American College of Rheumatology (ACR) criteria for the classification and reporting of osteoarthritis	543	(2)
Appendix 2 Lequesne's Algofunctional Lower Limb Indices	545	(2)
Appendix 3 WOMAC Osteoarthritis Index Version LK3.0	547	(4)
Appendix 4 Design and conduct of clinical trials in patients with osteoarthritis: recommendations from a task force of the Osteoarthritis Research Society	551	(27)
Appendix 5 Protocols for radiography	578	(3)
J. Christopher Buckland-Wright
Index	581