The Outlaw Bible of American Poetry

by Kaufman, Alan

• ISBN13: 9781560252276
• ISBN10: 1560252278
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 1999-10-27
• Publisher: Basic Books

Summary

From the Beat poetry of the '50s to the spoken word of today, The Outlaw Bible of American Poetry brings readers the words, visions, and extravagant lives of bohemians, beatniks, hippies, punks, and slackers. Like Donald Allen's epochal New American Poetry, The Outlaw Bible will serve as a primer for generational revolt and poetic expression, and is an enduring document of the visionary tradition of authenticity and nonconformity in literature. This exuberant manifesto includes lives of the poets, on-the-scene testimony, seminal underground articles never before collected, photographs of clubs and cafes, interviews, and, above all, the poems.

Author Biography

Alan Kaufman is the editor-in-chief of Davka: Jewish Cultural Revolution. His books include The New Generation: Fiction for Our Time from America's Writing Programs. He lives in San Francisco.

Table of Contents

Acknowledgments	xxiii
Introduction	xxv
Alan Kaufman
Publisher's Note	xxix
Neil Ortenberg
Shut Not Your Doors	xxxi
Walt Whitman
Prologue: Voices From Outlaw Heaven
Poem To The Freaks	2	(1)
Jack Micheline
Soul Eyes	3	(3)
Jim Brodey
Sitting on a Beach Near TSQuare	6	(2)
d.a. levy
In the Event of My Demise	8	(1)
Tupac Shakur
Mein Kampf	8	(4)
David Lerner
American Renegades
Wild Thing	12	(7)
Sapphire
Rabbit Man	19	(3)
1989 cont./Gorilla in the Midst #6	22	(2)
From Tombstone as a Lonely Charm (Part 3)	24	(3)
d.a. levy
From Cleveland Undercovers	27	(1)
From Suburban Monastery Death Poem	27	(1)
The Bells of Cherokee Poines	28	(1)
the suburban prophets (for R.D.D.)	29	(1)
Poem from Beverly	30	(1)
Reality Jew (1964)	31	(2)
From Cleveland: The Rectal Eye Visions	33	(13)
Revolutionary Letter #1	46	(1)
Diane diPrima
Revolutionary Letter #4	46	(1)
Revolutionary Letter #12	47	(1)
Revolutionary Letter #29	47	(1)
Revolutionary Letter #36	47	(1)
Tracking Bob Dylan	48	(3)
Peter Coyote
Wanted Man	51	(1)
Bob Dylan
Jesse James and His Boys	51	(1)
Woody Guthrie
Jesus Christ	52	(1)
In a Suburh of Thebes	53	(1)
David Trinidad
Night and Fog (San Francisco)	54	(1)
The Shower Scene in Psycho	55	(10)
Bagel Shop Jazz	65	(1)
Bob Kaufman
I, Too, Know What I Am Not	66	(1)
Would You Wear My Eyes?	67	(1)
To My Son Parker, Alseep in the Next Room	68	(1)
Jail Poems 1-34	69	(4)
Abomunist Manifesto	73	(1)
Short Speech to My Friends	74	(2)
Amiri Baraka
How to Proceed in the Arts	76	(3)
Larry Rivers
Frank O'Hara
On Jackson Pollock	79	(1)
Helen A. Harrison
(Untitled)	80	(2)
Jackson Pollock
Ballad of a Bad Boy	82	(2)
Patti Smith
Libya	84	(2)
Babelogue	86	(1)
High on Rebellion	87	(1)
Notebook	88	(1)
Notes for the Future: August 2, 1998, New York City	88	(3)
Notes, New York City, 1976	91	(1)
Ode to a Tijuana Toilet	92	(1)
James Dean
9th & Hennepin	93	(5)
Tom Waits
Beauty Is Everywhere Beaudelaire	98	(1)
Jack Micheline
Hiding Places	98	(1)
On Franz Kline	99	(1)
Warren Finnerty Riding a Bicycle on 4th Avenue at Midnight Dreaming of Love and Wine and Franz Kline	100	(2)
Stone of the Heart	102	(1)
Blues Poem	102	(1)
One Arm	103	(1)
Poem to the Seventeenth of November 1962	104	(1)
Rambling Jack (a biography)	105	(5)
Chasing Kerouac's Shadow	110	(3)
On Henry Miller	113	(1)
Lawrence Durrell
A Poem in Prose for My Venus	114	(1)
Henry Miller
Advice to a Young Writer	115	(1)
The Shortest Novel of Them All	116	(1)
Norman Mailer
From a letter to Jim Scully, December 1994	117	(1)
Sarah Menefee
From The Blood About the Heart	117	(3)
Europe	120	(1)
Jack Hirschman
The Recongition #2	121	(1)
NY, NY	122	(2)
Haiti	124	(1)
Buy, Always, Consume (by Ferruccio Brugnaro, translated by Jack Hirschman)	124	(1)
Home	125	(2)
Act	127	(1)
Roque Dalton
Jack Hirschman
An Eassy to Wiliam Carlos Williams	128	(3)
Victor Hernandez Cruz
We Bumped off Your Friend the Poet	131	(2)
Harold Norse
I'm Not a Man	133	(1)
The Ex-Nun and the Gay Poet	134	(2)
William Carlos Williams	136	(2)
Classic Frieze in a Garage	138	(1)
Let Go and Feel Your Nakedness	139	(1)
At the Cafe Trieste	140	(1)
Dream of Frank O'Hara	141	(1)
Letter to Harold Norse, February 14th 1957	142	(2)
William Carlos Williams
Ten Outlaw Heroes	144	(2)
Gregory Corso
Allen Ginsberg
241st Chorus	146	(1)
Jack Kerouac
149th Chorus	147	(1)
211th Chorus	148	(1)
Adventures in Auto-eroticism	148	(1)
Neal Cassady
Leaving L.A. by Train at Night, High...	149	(2)
Poet Taking to Himself in the Mirror	151	(1)
Gregory Corso
Dear Villon	152	(1)
Poets Hitchhiking on the Highway	153	(1)
Greenwich Village Suicide	154	(1)
C'mon Pigs of Western Civilization, Eat More Grease.	154	(2)
Allen Ginsberg
Letter to William Carlos Williams, February 23, 1957	156	(1)
Harold Norse
Letter to William Carlos Williams, October 4, 1958	157	(2)
Letter to Harold Norse, August 26, 1960	159	(1)
William Carlos Williams
South Central Los Angeles Death Trip, 1982	160	(5)
Wanda Coleman
From Devoured by Myths, an interview with Sylvere Lotringer	165	(2)
Kathy Acker
I Begin to Feel	167	(1)
The Evening News	168	(2)
William S. Burroughs
``My Legs Senor.''	170	(1)
Cold Lost Marbles	171	(1)
A Non-Christian on Sunday	172	(1)
Amy Gerstler
The Bride Goes Wild	172	(1)
In His Own Words	173	(1)
Pedro Pietri
Puerto Rican Obituary	174	(8)
Telephone Booth number 301	182	(1)
Telephone Booth number 507	182	(1)
Telephone Booth number 8981/2	182	(1)
Telephone Booth number 63765057	182	(1)
Telephone Booth number 542	183	(1)
Telephone Booth number 32439	183	(1)
The Galilee Hitch-Hiker	183	(5)
Richard Brautigan
Bike Messenger Leading the People	188	(3)
Dominique Lowell
Women Are Hungry	191	(1)
Manifest Destiny	191	(2)
An Oliver Stone Movie	193	(1)
From Song of the Open Road, parts 1 & 2	194	(1)
Walt Whitman
Walt Whitman Strides the Llano of New Mexico	195	(8)
Rudolfo Anaya
These Are My Words, My Neon, Siliconed, Carcinogenic Words. But This Is My Poem, My Poem About Elvis.	203	(1)
Ken DiMaggio
Bus	204	(2)
Alan Kaufman
House of Strangers	206	(1)
Who Are We?	207	(3)
The Saddest Man on Earth	210	(1)
On Reading Whitman's Song of Myself at One O'Clock in the Morning	211	(3)
Across the Mississippi	214	(3)
Let Us	217	(2)
The Crucifixion on Johnny Carson	219	(3)
David Lerner
Slamdacning to the Blues	222	(1)
Blasted Youth	223	(1)
Satan After Hours	223	(2)
Thief of Fire	225	(1)
The Night of the Living Tits	226	(1)
Why Rimbaud Went to Africa	227	(2)
From the Exploding Parable	229	(2)
Daniel Higgs
From Clay Man High House Head	231	(1)
From What I Have Learned About Boxing	232	(1)
From The Doomsday Bonnet, #16, #27	233	(2)
Slammers
The Slam	235	(1)
Alan Kaufman
Lucky Strike No Strike Back	236	(2)
Marc Smith
The Stroke	238	(1)
Skinhead	239	(2)
Patricia Smith
Medusa	241	(1)
Debt of Blood	242	(2)
Lisa Martinovic
The Outlaw	244	(2)
Welcome to McDonalds	246	(1)
Reg E. Gaines
My Life as I Remember It	247	(3)
Bobby Miller
In the Hands of the Enemy	250	(2)
Vytautas Pliura
Lineage	252	(1)
Jeffrey McDaniel
Logic in the House of Sawed-off Telescopes	253	(1)
Siamese Opposites	253	(1)
Check One	254	(2)
Regie Cabico
I'm an Emotional Idiot	256	(1)
Maggie Estep
Scab Maids on Speed	257	(1)
Jenny's Shirt	258	(1)
Like Lilly Like Wilson	259	(2)
Taylor Mali
William, I Giggled with Your Girlfriend	261	(2)
Hank Hyena
Project Princess	263	(1)
Tracie Morris
Imagining America	264	(1)
Justin Chin
Mandela	265	(3)
Evert Eden
It's a Good Day	268	(1)
Sini Anderson
Chicks Up Front	269	(2)
Sara Holbrook
The Scalping	271	(4)
Daniel Ferri
American Renegades
An American Poem	275	(3)
Eileen Myles
Holes	278	(2)
I Always Put My Pussy...	280	(2)
Malcolm	282	(2)
Umar Bin Hassan
Marianne Faithfull's Cigarette	284	(1)
Gerry Gomez Pearlberg
First Date with the D.J.	285	(1)
For Brandon Teena	286	(1)
Sailor	286	(1)
Evolution	287	(1)
Gil Scott-Heron
From Tomorrow	288	(1)
What Is a Jew?	288	(1)
Lenny Bruce
How to Score	289	(1)
To Come	290	(1)
Africa	291	(1)
Richard Pryor
I Told You I Like Indians	292	(1)
Simon J. Ortiz
Subway Poem	293	(1)
Hettie Jones
In the Eye of the Beholder	293	(1)
Words	294	(1)
Two Horses	294	(1)
Joy Harjo
The Crippled Artist	295	(2)
Thomas McGrath
Global Inequalities	297	(1)
Jayne Cortez
The Heavy Headed Dance	298	(2)
Barney Rosset and The Evergreen Review	300	(1)
Mike Topp
Ernest Hemingway	301	(1)
Barney Rosset
The Little Sons of Fidel	302	(1)
If my Enemy is A Clown, A Natural Born Clown	303	(1)
Ishmael Reed
To the police officer who refused to sit in the same room as my son because he's a ``gang banger''	304	(1)
Luis J. Rodriguez
Rosalie Has Candles	305	(1)
Somebody Was Breaking Windows	306	(1)
Chota	307	(1)
Believe Me When I Say...	308	(1)
Meeting the Animal in Washington Square Park	308	(1)
Don't Read That Poem!	309	(2)
It's Dumb to be a Member of a Dominant Species	311	(3)
Alice Notley
For Seattle Boy Sacred Mantle	314	(1)
Kathe Izzo
From I Am in Danger Nowhere in This World	315	(2)
Van Gogh	317	(1)
Joe Brainard
Sick Art	317	(1)
Art	318	(1)
Death	318	(2)
The Fortune Cookie Man	320	(1)
Ron Padgett
To Woody Woodpecker	320	(2)
Rejected Mafia Nicknames	322	(1)
Mike Topp
Disappointment	323	(1)
What Kind of Cars They Drove	323	(1)
Just Go Fuck Yourself	323	(1)
This Mind Is Buddah	324	(1)
Tozan's Pretzels	324	(1)
We Have Chocolate Pudding	324	(1)
What Is the Beautiful?	324	(4)
Kenneth Patchen
The Scattering of the Ashes: The Burial of a Poet	328	(5)
Miguel Algarin
Seekin' the Cause	333	(2)
Miguel Pinero
Twice a Month Is Mother's Day	335	(2)
Poem--Miguel Pinero	337	(1)
David Henderson
A Mongo Affair	338	(5)
Miguel Algarin
Ode to My Mother	343	(1)
John Bennet
A Wish Come True	344	(1)
Much Ado About Nothing	344	(1)
Reasons to Drink	345	(1)
Molecular Conspiracy	345	(1)
Playing the Game	346	(1)
Some Profession	346	(1)
John Farris
Brother	347	(1)
Imago	348	(1)
Note to Lorca	348	(1)
A Poem for Jesse	349	(1)
Sonia Sanchez
On Passing thru Morgantown, Pa.	349	(2)
Prophecy	351	(1)
Father Daniel Berrigan
Children in the Shelter	352	(1)
Rehabilitative Report: We Can Still Laugh	353	(1)
Georgetown Poems (7)	353	(1)
Culture	354	(1)
Assata Shakur
Story	355	(1)
Psalm XVI	355	(4)
Hubert Selby Jr.
a chipped black hole	359	(1)
Bill Shields
In the Vicinity of a Grocer	359	(1)
Michael Gizzi
Lungs of Glass	360	(1)
Mike Golden
Untitled	361	(1)
Wallace Berman
Opos	362	(1)
Boxed City	362	(1)
First & Last FearPoem	362	(2)
Untitled	364	(1)
Gravity	364	(3)
Maura O'Connor
Testimony	367	(2)
At the End	369	(3)
From Beat Thing	372	(3)
David Meltzer
From The Eyes, The Blood	375	(3)
Compensation Portrait	378	(3)
Joel Lewis
Incomplete Directions	381	(3)
Steve Dalachinsky
The Saxophone Factory	384	(1)
The Bones #2	385	(3)
James Dean	388	(1)
Meat Poets
The Mimeo Revolution	389	(2)
D.R. Wagner
A Bukowski Writing Lesson	391	(2)
Steve Richmond
Thinking About Then and Now	393	(1)
A.D. Winans
The System	394	(1)
Poem for the Working Man and the Upper Mobile Yuppie	395	(1)
Poetry	396	(1)
William Wantling
Certain Prostitute	397	(1)
David Roskos
Poem for Paulie	398	(1)
Frozen Alley	399	(1)
Fritz Hamilton
Jailhouse Dreams #1	400	(4)
Jim Chandler
Dead Kid	404	(1)
No Rain Sunday Morning	405	(1)
Round Up	406	(2)
Ann Menebroker
From Machine Gun	408	(3)
Todd Moore
A Threat	411	(1)
Fred Voss
Termination	412	(1)
Aboard the Bounty	413	(1)
Joan Jobe Smith
Land of a Thousand Dances	414	(1)
Beyond B.F. Skinner	415	(1)
Gerald Locklin
Self Portrait, 1875	416	(1)
Paul Cezanne
The Large Bathers, 1906	417	(1)
Paul Cezanne
On Marvin Malone and The Wormwood Review	417	(1)
Alan Kaufman
Ten Commandments for How to Successfully Publish a Little Magazine	418	(1)
Marvin Malone
American Renegades	419	(1)
Jim Morrison
LAmerica	419	(1)
From Resume	420	(1)
Jennifer Blowdryer
Punk Rock Royalty	421	(2)
Iris Berry
Video Violence	423	(1)
Lou Reed
Montectio	424	(2)
Karen Finley
On 115	426	(1)
Melvin Van Peebles
City Madness	427	(4)
Ray Bremser
From Martin XIV	431	(1)
Jimmy Santiago Baca
Chopped Scooter	432	(1)
Cal (With Danny Lyon)
The Kid	433	(1)
Ai
Geometry	434	(1)
Ken Kesey
Song to Fidel (translated by Ed Dorn and Gordon Brotherston)	434	(1)
Che Guevara
What Is A Saint	435	(2)
Leonard Cohen
Disguises	437	(2)
Turtle Blues	439	(1)
Janis Joplin
An Aging Radical Muses on His Conjugal Visits	440	(2)
Neil Ortenberg
Collect Telegram from a Mad Dog	442	(2)
Hunter S. Thompson
Hobo on Flatcar Eastbound for st. Paul	444	(1)
David Wojnarowicz
Young Boy in Bus Station Coffee Shop	445	(1)
Man in Harbor Coffee Shop	446	(1)
8 Fragments for Kurt Cobain	447	(4)
Jim Carroll
Facts	451	(1)
Jukebox	452	(2)
The Ocean Below	454	(1)
With van Gogh	455	(1)
Rimbaud Sees the Dentist	455	(2)
School Prayer for the 80's	457	(4)
Abbie Hoffman
The New America	461	(1)
Tuli Kupferberg
Great Moments in the History of Capitalism	462	(1)
Where Is My Wandering Jew	463	(1)
Paint It Red (and Black)	463	(3)
This Is the Babarians	466	(3)
David Lerner
Lost My Job & Wrote This Poem	469	(1)
Bruce Isaacson
Poetry in Orange County	470	(2)
In the Bookstore	472	(1)
Julia Vinagrad
Gregory	473	(2)
Kathleen Wood
The Wino, The Junkie, and The Lord	475	(1)
I'm Not Mad	476	(1)
Vampyre Mike Kassel
The Real Me	477	(1)
Kathi Georges
I Was with Her Long Enough To Change Brands of Cigarettes	478	(1)
Bucky Sinister
The Living Legend	479	(1)
Danny Shot
On Long Shot	480	(1)
It's About the End of the World Stupid	481	(1)
Jack Wiler
america	481	(1)
klipschutz
Dear Ezra	482	(1)
As for Us	483	(1)
David Gollub
(some) people have enough problems	484	(3)
Q.R. Hand
Mal de Tete	487	(1)
Bana Witt
American Renegades
Homage to Hersch	488	(1)
Allen Ginsberg
From High on the Beats	489	(3)
Herschel Silverman
Wail Bar Night	492	(2)
Andy Clausen
Mad Dogs of Trieste	494	(2)
Janine Pommy Vega
The Woman at the Palace of the Legion of Honor	496	(1)
Neeli Cherkovski
New York Guy in Berlin Night	496	(2)
Buddy Giovinazzo
Career Move	498	(7)
Penny Arcade
Murdered in the Middle of the Dance	505	(2)
Steven J. Bernstein
Elsie John	507	(2)
Herbert Huncke
Path	509	(1)
Jeff Gordon
Just Say NO to Family Values	510	(4)
John Giorno
Electronic Multimedia Shamanism	514	(1)
Ira Cohen
Letter to Caliban	514	(1)
From Songs of the Revolution	514	(2)
Julian Beck
Leaflet for Soldiers	516	(1)
Judith Malina
Poem in the Manner of Paul Blackburn	517	(1)
Gerard Malanga
First Lady	518	(2)
Eve Wood
Marilyn Monroe Is Dead	520	(1)
Henry J. Morro
Barbie	521	(1)
You Fucking Cunt	522	(1)
Eric Brown
Billie and Satchmo	523	(1)
Harvesting Organs: On the Head-Injury Death of a 24 Year Old Boy in Vermont	524	(2)
Ed Dorn
Ball & Chain Record Store	526	(6)
Ellyn Maybe
Asteroid Poem #15	532	(1)
FrancEyE
Pact	533	(1)
Anne Waldman
For Madline Gleason	534	(1)
ruth weiss
Was Poe Afraid?	534	(1)
Charles Plymell
Cool Hobohemians 1950's Bennies from Heaven Poem	535	(1)
Displaced Poet	536	(1)
Paul Landry
the states	537	(1)
George Tsongas
In Memorian: Charles Mingus	537	(2)
Mikhail Horowitz
For Frank	539	(1)
Kaye McDonough
From Bones	540	(1)
Marc Olmsted
Collaborating with Kerouac	541	(2)
David Amram
Hey, Jack!	543	(3)
Jan Kerouac
Jack Kerouac Returns to Lowell after 25 Years	546	(1)
Gerald Nicosia
The Door for Love and Death	547	(1)
Laurel Ann Bogen
Untitled	548	(1)
Stuart Z. Perkoff
The Suicide Room	549	(1)
Love Is the Silence	550	(1)
Untitled	550	(2)
Venice West	552	(1)
Tony Scibella
Untitled	553	(1)
Memoirs of a Nun on Fire	554	(5)
Philomene Long
Skull	559	(1)
Nelson Gary
7th Sound for John Garfield	560	(1)
James Ryan Morris
Untitled	561	(2)
Rafael F.J. Alvarado
You'll Despise Me for This, But I'm Going to Say It Anyway	563	(1)
John Thomas
Venice	564	(1)
William J. Margolis
Invocation	565	(1)
Frank T. Rios
& sometimes it all hangs crooked	565	(1)
Ritual	566	(2)
The Carma Bums
The Carma Bums (Because This Is What America's All About)	568	(2)
S.A. Griffin
Cartoons Are My Life	570	(1)
Michael Bruner
I Ate Fig Newtons Until I Puked	571	(2)
S. A. Griffin
America Poem	573	(3)
There Is a River	576	(1)
Sunset Strip Self-Improvement Affirmations	577	(3)
Doug Knott
No Mercy	580	(2)
Scott Wannberg
I Am the Bomb	582	(1)
Mike Mollett
The Word	583	(2)
American Renegades
The San Francisco Oracle: A Brief History	585	(2)
Allen Cohen
The God I Worship Is a Lion	587	(2)
Michael McClure
Jesus I Am Sick of the Spiritual Warfare!	589	(1)
After the Cries of the Birds Has Stopped	589	(5)
Lawrence Ferlinghetti
Characteristically	594	(2)
Philip Whalen
In Transit	596	(2)
Lenore Kandel
Seed Pods	598	(1)
Gary Snyder
Astromancy	599	(2)
Phillip Lamantia
Manifesto for Mutants	601	(1)
Ted Berk
My Life	601	(8)
Michael Lally
Downtown Woman	609	(2)
Julia Stein
Ten Commandments of a Street Poet	611	(3)
Tony Medina
Bukowski Poem	614	(1)
Bob Flanagan
Handcuffs	615	(1)
From Slave Sonnet #1	616	(1)
From Slave Sonnet #7	616	(1)
From Slave Sonnet #10	616	(1)
The Wedding of Everything	617	(1)
This Is the Land of Missed Opportunity	618	(1)
Steve Cannon
Suzanne Goes Down	619	(1)
Rebecca Fransway
On Prison Poetry	620	(1)
Janine Pommy Vega
To Those	621	(1)
Mumia Abu-Jamal
Sing Sing Sits Up The River	621	(1)
Alejo Dao'ud Rodriguez
After All Those Years	622	(2)
Cecil Boatswain
Fugitive	624	(1)
Frank Fissette
My Room	624	(1)
Hannah Aquaah
Lap 15512	625	(1)
Herby Ehinger
My Father	626	(2)
Mark ``9-Box'' Benyo
Trapped	628	(1)
Israel Fernandez
The Unbearables
Introduction to The Unbearables	629	(1)
Marvin Taylor
Archaeology	630	(1)
Bonnie Finberg
Dead Louis	630	(1)
Tsaurah Litzsky
Factory Still Life	631	(1)
Ron Kolm
Sparrow	631	(1)
Kurt Cobain
God Is Here	632	(1)
Michael Carter
Moral	633	(1)
Merry Fortune
The Bus Driver's Secret Song	633	(1)
Max Blagg
Orgasm	634	(1)
Patricia Freed Ackerman
Sound Effects	634	(1)
Janice Eidus
Q/A	635	(1)
Jim Feast
Write a fucking poem	635	(1)
Mike Golden
Slave	635	(1)
David Huberman
Them	636	(1)
C.X. Hunter
The Professional	637	(1)
Joe Maynard
Cafe Ennui	637	(1)
Sharon Mesmer
Panoplistic Traditions in Memphis	638	(1)
Jill Rapaport
Yardbirds of Vermont	638	(1)
Thaddeus Rutkowski
Manhattan	639	(1)
Susan Scutti
Thursday Night in the Park	640	(1)
Hal Sirowitz
Business District	640	(1)
Mike Topp
Spanish Girls	640	(1)
Claude Taylor
Mendel's Law	641	(1)
David L. Ulin
I Want the Nobel Prize	641	(1)
Albert Vitale
Teeth & Totemism	642	(1)
Carl Watson
Untitled	642	(1)
Diwan-i Hayan Kirmani
N. Pourjaundy
Peter Lamborn Wilson
Red Snappers	643	(2)
Carol Wierzbicki
Poets To Come	645	(2)
Walt Whitman
Contributors	647	(27)
Index	674	(3)
Copyright Acknowledgments	677