Owls of the World

by Duncan, James R.

• ISBN13: 9781552978450
• ISBN10: 1552978451
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 2003-09-01
• Publisher: Firefly Books Ltd

Summary

An in-depth reference to owls around the world.Owls of the World traces the remarkable evolution of 205 owl species and their place within the avian order as both predators and prey. Major owl species are covered as well as the lesser-known species only be found in more remote geographic locations. The owls of Australia, New Zealand, and Indonesia are compared with North American, European, and Asian species in terms of habitat, adaptability and physical appearance.This abundantly illustrated reference features: Detailed description, history, habitat, range maps and conservation status for 205 species Common and scientific names Commonly known owl behavior, plus recently discovered mating, hunting and survival techniques The nature of owls including the discovery of a new owl species Owls in mythology and culture Threats to owl populations A world directory of owl species, including taxonomy and a range map for each species

Author Biography

James R. Duncan, PhD, is an ornithologist and a member of the National Science Council of Bird Studies.

Table of Contents

Foreword

Preface

Introduction

The Nature of Owls Feathers

Structure and Function

Color Variations in Owls

Reversed Sexual Size Dimorphism

Vision Eye and Skull Structure

The Owl Eye in More Detail Ears and Hearing Feet, Toes and Talons Digestion

Owl Pellets

Owl Hunting and Caching Behavior

Behavior

Breeding

Strategies

The Classification of Owls

The Evolution of Owls

The Range Limits of Owls

Biogeography

Invited contributions

What's in a Name?

DNA Sequencing and the Classification of Owls

Discovery of a New Owl Species

The Sumba Hawk Owl

Strangers in the Dark: Hybridization between Owl Species

Owls in Mythology and Culture

Introduction

Symbols Old and New Markers of Gods, Knowledge, Dread, Wisdom and Fertility

The Spirit Chasers

Owls in Literature and Paintings

Towards a Tolerant Conservation

Conclusion

The Study of Owls

Owl Behavior Population Dynamics

Predator-Prey Studies

Owl Pellets and Diet Studies

Nesting Biology

Owl Banding

Longevity Records

Calculating Longevity

A Sample of Owl Studies

Invited contributions

Female Desertion in Southern Boobooks

To Catch an Owl

The Snowy Owls of Wrangle Island

Snowy Owl Migrants in New England

The Mystery of the Asio Owls on the Saskatchewan Prairies

Color Variation in Owls: Albinism and Melanism

Threats to Owls Accidents

The Perils of Flight Road

Mortality Pesticides, Shooting and Trapping Predation and Competition

Habitat Loss Invasive Alien Species Owls in Captivity

The Threat of "Postmodern"

Conservation Strategies Ignorance as a Threat Invited contributions

Causes of Owl Mortality in Canada

The Plight of Burrowing Owls in Winter

Salvaged Bounty

Owl Ectoparasites

A World for Owls

Introduction

Invited contributions

Adventures with Saskatchewan Great Horned Owls

Precious Moments

Why Filming Owls is Worth the Effort

The Ural Owls and Forest Management in Japan

A Conservation Solution

A Wilderness Experience

Studying the Backcountry Boreal Owl

Bringing Back the Barn Owl in Ontario

Remaining Choices

Understanding the Needs of Injured Owls

Conclusion

Owls of the World

Their Global Conservation Status and General Distribution

A brief summary of 205 owl species, some with photographs and identified by the owl's common and scientific name

Each summary includes: Description Habitat and Range

Map Conservation Status

List of Contributors

Selected Bibliography

Acknowledgements

Index

Table of Contents provided by Publisher. All Rights Reserved.

Excerpts

Introduction I am often asked: "Why are you so interested in owls? " This is difficult to answer. My emotional reaction to owls is nothing short of an aptitude, a passion, and a love affair of sorts. Not the kind of expression people expect from a scientist. After all, the widely held and incorrect stereotype is that scientists are always objective about their research subjects. And I am not alone. Consider Paul Johnsgard's personal dedication in his wonderful book, North American Owls: To those who know owls to be something more than ordinary birds if something less than gods, deserving our respect and love I have had years to search for a more objective or rational reason why owls fascinate me, reasons acceptable to more orthodox fellow scientists. When needed, I trot out the somewhat sterile: "Owls are excellent research animals with which to examine the natural history of vertebrate predator-prey relationships." I also sometimes state, correctly, that: "As top predators with large home ranges, many owls are good indicators of healthy ecosystems and sustainable development." These are reasons consistent with my personal conservation ethic. But what really excites me about owls is that even in our modern times there remains so much to learn about them. Owls are among the first birds that children readily identify and distinguish from other birds. When people see or interact with owls they express themselves differently than, say, with a crow, heron or chicken. Perhaps this is because an owl's head and face appears somewhat similar to ours. Like us, owls have large, forward-facing eyes. This gives them excellent binocular vision, an important aid for rapid depth perception while hunting visible prey or gauging distances to perches while flying. Their relatively large eyes relate to their nocturnal habits. Large eyes gather more light at night than small eyes. The staring, wide-eyed aspect of owls makes them look innocent or bewildered, like infant humans. Relatively large eyes are also known to stimulate the emotions of caring and affection in humans and perhaps in other mammals. Cartoon animators and advertisers, in recognition of this human trait, draw characters with oversized eyes. The good and loveable characters (e.g., Mickey Mouse) typically have big eyes, the villains, narrow and shifty eyes. The eyes of an owl are surrounded by a feathered disk that gives it a primate-like head -- big and round with no apparent neck. Like us, owls blink with their upper eyelids (most other birds use their lower eyelids). The exposed part of their short, curved bills appears remarkably nose-like completing the human-like image. These characteristics have resulted in owls becoming icons in human culture in diverse and sometimes bizarre ways. Other animals besides humans have also taken notice of owls in subconscious and immediate ways. Many prey species react quickly to the presence of an owl by fleeing, giving alarm calls or even gathering in groups that drive away the potential predator. Behavioral biologists have elicited similar responses by using exaggerated large yellow eyes painted on flat or round objects, a phenomenon known as supernormal stimuli. Over the millennia, individual prey that did not flee or react quickly enough to the sudden appearance of owls were selectively weeded out by predation. Many species have capitalized on the evolved effectiveness of the owl-eye stimuli. This signal has independently evolved in manids, butterflies and moths, beetles, flies, katydids, fish, frogs and a non-raptorial bird called the sunbittern. The northern pygmy owl has a set of owl eye-like spots on the back of its head to either ward off mobbing birds or to thwart potential ambushes from predators, including other owls. Not willing to wait for evolution to run a parallel course on humans, golfers, gardeners and others sometime