The Oxford Handbook of African American Citizenship, 1865-Present

by Gates Jr., Henry Louis; Steele, Claude; Bobo, Lawrence D.; Dawson, Michael; Jaynes, Gerald; Crooms-Robinson, Lisa; Darling-Hammond, Linda

• ISBN13: 9780195188059
• ISBN10: 0195188055
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 2012-04-18
• Publisher: Oxford University Press

Summary

When newly-liberated African American slaves attempted to enter the marketplace and exercise their rights as citizens of the United States in 1865, few, if any, Americans expected that, a century and a half later, the class divide between black and white Americans would be as wide as it istoday. The United States has faced several potential key turning points in the status of African Americans over the course of its history, yet at each of these points the prevailing understanding of African Americans and their place in the economic and political fabric of the country was at bestcontested and resolved on the side of second-class citizenship. The Oxford Handbook of African American Citizenship, 1865-Present seeks to answer the question of what the United States would look like today if, at the end of the Civil War, freed slaves had been granted full political, social and economic rights. It does so by tracing the historical evolution ofAfrican American experiences, from the dawn of Reconstruction onward, through the perspectives of sociology, political science, law, economics, education and psychology. As a whole, the book is the first systematic study of the gap between promise and performance of African Americans since 1865.Over the course of thirty-four chapters, written by some of the most eminent scholars of African American studies and across every major social discipline, this handbook presents a full and powerful portrait of the particular hurdles faced by African Americans and the distinctive contributionsAfrican Americans have made to the development of U.S. institutions and culture. As such, it tracks where African Americans have been in order to better illuminate the path ahead.

Author Biography

Henry Louis Gates, Jr. is the Alphonse Fletcher University Professor and the Director of the W. E. B. Du Bois Institute for African and African American Research at Harvard University.

Claude Steele is Provost of the University and Professor of Psychology at Columbia University.

Lawrence D. Bobo is the W. E. B. Du Bois Professor of the Social Sciences at Harvard University. He holds appointments in the Department of Sociology and the Department of African and African American Studies.

Michael Dawson is the John D. MacArthur Professor of Political Science and the College at the University of Chicago.

Gerald Jaynes is Professor of Economics and African-American Studies at Yale University.

Lisa Crooms-Robinson is Professor of Law and Director of the Constitutional Law Center at Howard University.

Linda Darling-Hammond is Charles E. Ducommun Professor of Education at Stanford University and Founding Director of the Stanford Center for Opportunity Policy in Education.

Table of Contents

List of Contributors	p. ix
Introduction
African American Citizenship	p. 3
The African American Social Experience, 1865-Present
An American Conundrum: Race, Sociology, and the African American Road to Citizenship	p. 19
Race and the Limits of American Democracy: African Americans from the Fall of Reconstruction to the Rise of the Ghetto	p. 71
The Strange Career of Racial Science, Racial Categories, and African American Identity	p. 123
Race-Conscious Color Blindness: World War II, Brown v. Board of Education, and the Strange Persistence of the One-Drop Rule	p. 151
From Color Caste to Color Blind, Part I: Racial Attitudes in the United States during World War II, 1939-1945	p. 178
From Color Caste to Color Blind, Part II: Racial Attitudes during the Civil Rights and Black Power Eras, 1946-1975	p. 195
From Color Caste to Color Blind, Part III: Contemporary-Era Racial Attitudes, 1976-2004	p. 235
The African American Economic Experience, 1865-Present
From Slave to Citizen: An Overview of the Evolution of African American Economic Status	p. 279
Reconstruction: The Foundations of Economic Citizenship	p. 286
The Economy and the Black Citizen, 1900 to World War II	p. 299
The Expansion of Economic Rights since World War II	p. 323
Government Policy and the Poor	p. 355
African American Politics, 1865-Present
African American Politics and Citizenship; 1865-Present: An Overview	p. 369
The Black Public Sphere and Black Civil Society	p. 374
Blacks and the Racialized State	p. 400
War and African American Citizenship, 1865-1965: The Role of Military Service	p. 425
From the Civil Rights Movement to the Present	p. 464
African American Women: Intersectionality in Politics	p. 492
African Americans and the Law, 1865-Present
The United States Constitution and the Struggle for African American Citizenship: An Overview	p. 519
African American Legal Status from Reconstruction Law to the Nadir of Jim Crow: 1865-1919	p. 522
African American Legal Status from the Harlem Renaissance through World War II	p. 539
Law from the Rise of the Civil Rights Movement to the Present	p. 550
African Americans and Education, 1865-Present
Education and the Quest for African American Citizenship: An Overview	p. 581
Emancipation and Reconstruction: African American Education, 1865-1919	p. 591
From the "New Negro" to Civil Rights: African American Education, 1919-1945	p. 610
Education from Civil Rights through Black Power: 1945-1975	p. 623
From Retrenchment to Renewal: African American Education, 1975-Present	p. 641
The Changing Psychologies of African Americans, 1865-Present
The African American Psyche, 1865-Present: An Overview	p. 669
Predicaments, Coping, and Resistance: Social and Personal Identities among African Americans	p. 676
Contemporary Black Identities and Personalities	p. 694
The Rise and Fall of Race Psychology in the Study of African Americans	p. 722
Black Personality in the Integrationist Era	p. 745
The Racism of Intelligence: How Mental Testing Practices Have Constituted an Institutionalized Form of Group Domination	p. 769
Index	p. 817
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