In the short time since the publication of the Handbook of Positive Psychology esearch results on the psychology of human strengths have proliferated. However, no major volume has documented the methods and theory used to achieve these results. Oxford Handbook of Methods in PositivePsychology fills this need, providing a broad overview of diverse contemporary methods in positive psychology. With contributions from both leading scholars and promising young investigators, the handbook serves to illuminate and, at times, challenge traditional approaches. Incorporating multiple levels of analysis, from biology to culture, the contributors present state-of-the art techniques, includingthose for estimating variability and change at the level of the individual, identifying reliability of measurements within and across individuals, and separating individual differences in growth from aspects of phenomena that exhibit shorter-term variability over time. The volume covers such topicsas wisdom, health, hope, resilience, religion, relationships, emotions, well-being, character strengths, and laughter. It enhances our understanding of the balance between human deficits and strengths and demonstrates their connections to other problems. Oxford Handbook of Methods in Positive Psychology will be the essential reference for methods in positive psychology.

Anthony D. Ong is Assistant Professor of Human Development at Cornell University. He received his doctorate from the University of Southern California in 2002. His research and scholarly interests center on the nature and development of resilience and positive adaption across the life course. His research has been funded by grants from the National Institutes of Health.
Manfred H.M. vanDulmen is Assistant Professor in the Department of Psychology at Kent State University. He received his doctorate from the University of Minnesota in 2001. His research focuses on the relationship processes underlying the development of adaptive and maladaptive social behavior during adolescence and young adulthood. He has a special interest in methodological and measurement issues in developmental psychology.

Foreword

v

C. R. Snyder

Shane J. Lopez

Contributors

xv

Introduction

xvii

Major Content Areas Addressed by Chapters

xxi

Part I. Intraindividual Variability

P-Technique Factor Analysis

P-Technique Factor Analysis as a Tool for Exploring Psychological Health

3

(9)

Constance J. Jones

Stepping Into the Light: Modeling the Intraindividual Dimensions of Hedonic and Eudaemonic Well-Being

12

(17)

Anthony D. Ong

John L. Horn

David A. Walsh

Part II. Intraindividual Change

Dynamic Factor Analysis

The Structure of Daily Positive Affect for Persons With Parkinson's Disease: A Dynamic Factor Analysis

29

(12)

Kim Shifren

Karen Hooker

Application of Dynamic Factor Analysis to Affective Processes in Dyads

41

(20)

Emilio Ferrer

Part III. Interindividual Differences: Measurement Issues

Structural Equation Modeling

Multivariate Statistical Strategies for Construct Validation in Positive Psychology

61

(22)

Fred B. Bryant

Scott P. King

Colette M. Smart

Understanding Hope: A Review of Measurement and Construct Validity Research

83

(13)

Lisa M. Edwards

Kevin L. Rand

Shane J. Lopez

C. R. Snyder

Methodological Issues in the Assessment of the Affective Component of Subjective Well-Being

96

(15)

Ulrich Schimmack

Using Structural Equation Models to Validate Measures of Positive Emotions

111

(15)

Richard E. Lucas

The Application of Structural Equation Modeling and Item Response Theory to Cross-Cultural Positive Psychology Research

126

(13)

Shigehiro Oishi

Using the Combined Etic-Emic Approach to Develop a Measurement of Interpersonal Subjective Well-Being in Chinese Populations

139

(14)

Samuel M. Y. Ho

Mike W. L. Cheung

Measurement Invariance

Assessing Factorial Invariance in Cross-Sectional and Longitudinal Studies

153

(23)

Daniel E. Bontempo

Scott M. Hofer

Dolce Far Niente: The Positive Psychology of Personality Stability and Invariance

176

(13)

Robert R. McCrae

Antonio Terracciano

Brigitte Khoury

Measuring Emotional Intelligence: Promises, Pitfalls, Solutions?

189

(16)

Gerald Matthews

Moshe Zeidner

Richard D. Roberts

Experimental Methods

Experimental Approaches to Individual Differences and Change: Exploring the Causes and Consequences of Extraversion

205

(15)

John M. Zelenski

Understanding Individual and Age Differences in Well-Being: An Experimental Attention-Based Approach

220

(13)

Derek M. Isaacowitz

Psychophysiological Approaches to the Study of Laughter: Toward an Integration With Positive Psychology

233

(17)

Paul G. Devereux

Kathi L. Heffner

Some Measurement Issues in the Study of Affect

250

(16)

Alice M. Isen

Amir Erez

Behavior Genetics

Natural Experiments: What Behavioral Genetic Approaches Can Tell Us About Human Potential

266

(16)

C. S. Bergeman

Anthony D. Ong

Cultural Aspects of Quantitative Genetic Investigations

282

(10)

Keith E. Whitfield

Dwayne T. Brandon

Integrating Quantitative and Qualitative Approaches

Methodological Issues in Positive Psychology and the Assessment of Character Strengths

292

(14)

Nansook Park

Christopher Peterson

Wisdom as a Classical Human Strength: Psychological Conceptualizations and Empirical Inquiry

306

(17)

Ute Kunzmann

Antje Stange

Hardiness as a Dispositional Resource: Methods of Conceptualizing the Construct

323

(16)

K. A. Wallace

C. S. Bergeman

Part IV. Interindividual Differences in Intraindividual Variability

Spectral Analysis and Item Response Models

Within-Person Covariation Analysis: Applications to the Study of Affect

339

(10)

Randy J. Larsen

Using Item Response Models to Analyze Change: Advantages and Limitations

349

(13)

Judith Gluck

Christiane Spiel

Exploring Cyclic Change in Emotion Using Item Response Models and Frequency Domain Analysis

362

(18)

Sy-Miin Chow

Kevin J. Grimm

Frank Fujita

Nilam Ram

Dynamic Systems Analysis

Dynamical Modeling for Studying Self-Regulatory Processes: An Example From the Study of Religious Development Over the Life Span

380

(15)

Michael E. McCullough

Steven M. Boker

Understanding the Adjustment to Widowhood: Using Dynamical Systems to Assess and Predict Trajectories of Well-Being

395

(14)

Toni L. Bisconti

C. S. Bergeman

Application of Dynamic Systems Analysis to Dyadic Interactions

409

(14)

Diane H. Felmlee

Nonlinear Dynamics of Positive Psychology: Parameters, Models, and Searching for a Systems Summum Bonum

423

(16)

David Schuldberg

Part V. Interindividual Differences in Intraindividual Change

Multilevel Models of Change: Fundamental Concepts and Relationships to Mixed Models and Latent Growth-Curve Models

439

(14)

Scott E. Maxwell

Stacey S. Tiberio

Latent Growth Analysis

Application of Latent Growth Analyses to Health Outcomes of Adolescent Girls

453

(14)

Paolo Ghisletta

Penelope K. Trickett

The Use of Growth-Curve Modeling in Estimating Stability and Change in Well-Being Over Time

467

(10)

Daniel K. Mroczek

Paul W. Griffin

Understanding Journeys: Growth-Curve Analysis as a Tool for Studying Individual Differences in Change Over Time

477

(10)

Julie K. Norem

Jasmina Burdzovic Andreas

Hierarchical Linear Modeling

Assessing the Ebb and Flow of Daily Life With an Accent on the Positive

487

(14)

Alex J. Zautra

Glenn G. Affleck

Mary C. Davis

Howard Tennen

Robert Fasman

Using Experience Sampling and Multilevel Modeling to Study Person-Situation Interactionist Approaches to Positive Psychology

501

(14)

William Fleeson

Differentiation of the Distributions of Inspiration and Positive Affect Across Days of the Week: An Application of Logistic Multilevel Modeling

515

(15)

Todd M. Thrash

Multilevel Modeling of Motivation: A Self-Determination Theory Analysis of Basic Psychological Needs

530

(12)

Kirk Warren Brown

Richard M. Ryan

Individual and Situational Factors Related to the Experience of Flow in Adolescence: A Multilevel Approach

542

(17)

Jennifer A. Schmidt

David J. Shernoff

Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi

Multilevel Modeling of Social Interactions and Mood in Lonely and Socially Connected Individuals: The MacArthur Social Neuroscience Studies

559

(17)

Louise C. Hawkley

Kristopher J. Preacher

John T. Cacioppo

Positive Processes in Close Relationships Across Time, Partners, and Context: A Multilevel Approach

576

(15)

Shelly L. Gable

Jennifer G. La Guardia

Latent-Class Models

Latent-Class Models for Analyzing Variability and Change

591

(17)

Michael Eid

Detecting Population Heterogeneity in Stability and Change in Subjective Well-Being by Mixture Distribution Models

608

(25)

Michael Eid

Rolf Langeheine

Index

633

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