The Oxford Handbook of Transcranial Stimulation

by Wassermann, Eric; Epstein, Charles; Ziemann, Ulf

• ISBN13: 9780198568926
• ISBN10: 0198568924
• Edition: 1st
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 2008-03-20
• Publisher: Oxford University Press

Summary

Since becoming commercially available in 1985, transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) has emerged as an important tool in several areas of neuroscience. Originally envisioned as a way to measure the responsiveness and conduction speed of neurons and synapses in the brain and spinal cord, TMShas also become an important tool for changing the activity of brain neurons and the functions they subserve and an important adjunct to brain imaging and mapping techniques. Along with transcranial electrical stimulation techniques, TMS has diffused far beyond the borders of clinicalneurophysiology and into cognitive, perceptual, behavioural, and therapeutic investigation and attracted a highly diverse group of users and would-be users. This book provides an authoritative review of the scientific and technical background required to understand transcranial stimulation techniques and a wide-ranging survey of their burgeoning application in neurophysiology, perception, cognition, emotion, and clinical practice. Each of its sixsections deals with a major area and is edited by an international authority therein. It will serve researchers, clinicians, students, and others as the definitive text in this area for years to come.

Table of Contents

Physics and Biophysics of TMS	p. 1
Electromagnetism	p. 3
TMS waveform and current direction	p. 7
TMS stimulator design	p. 13
TMS stimulation coils	p. 25
Magnetic field stimulation: the brain as a conductor	p. 33
Lessons learned from magnetic stimulation of physical models and peripheral nerve in vitro	p. 47
Direct current brain polarization	p. 57
Transcranial electrical stimulation and intraoperative neurophysiology of the corticospinal tract	p. 63
TMS Measures of Motor Cortical and Corticospinal Excitability: Physiology, Function, and Plasticity	p. 75
The size of motor-evoked potentials: influencing parameters and quantification	p. 77
The cortical silent period	p. 91
Paired-pulse measures	p. 103
Evaluating the interaction between cortical inhibitory and excitatory circuits measured by TMS	p. 119
Pharmacology of TMS measures	p. 135
Transcranial stimulation measures explored by epidural spinal cord recordings	p. 153
TMS measures and voluntary motor function	p. 171
Changes in TMS measures induced by repetitive TMS	p. 185
Neuroplasticity induced by transcranial direct current stimulation	p. 201
Use-dependent changes in TMS measures	p. 219
The Motor-evoked Potential in Health and Disease	p. 235
The MEP in clinical neurodiagnosis	p. 237
TMS in the perioperative period	p. 285
TMS in movement disorders	p. 329
TMS: neurodevelopment and perinatal insults	p. 337
Using the TMS-induced motor-evoked potential to evaluate the neurophysiology of psychiatric disorders	p. 357
TMS in migraine	p. 377
Design and analysis of motor-evoked potential data in pediatric neurobehavioural disorder investigations	p. 389
Inter- and intra-individual variation in the response to TMS	p. 401
Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation in Perception and Cognition	p. 409
TMS and visual awareness	p. 411
Higher visual cognition: search, neglect, attention, and eye movements	p. 431
Studies of crossmodal functions with TMS	p. 447
Motor cognition: TMS studies of action generation	p. 463
Investigating language organization with TMS	p. 479
Higher cognitive functions: memory and reasoning	p. 501
Mathematics and TMS	p. 517
TMS and Brain Mapping	p. 537
Combining brain imaging with brain stimulation: causality and connectivity	p. 539
TMS and positron emission tomography: methods and current advances	p. 549
Concurrent TMS and functional magnetic resonance imaging: methods and current advances	p. 569
TMS and electroencephalography: methods and current advances	p. 593
Therapeutic Applications of TMS	p. 609
Therapeutic potential of TMS-induced plasticity in the prefrontal cortex	p. 611
Methodological issues in clinical trial design for TMS	p. 621
TMS in the treatment of major depressive disorder	p. 633
TMS in bipolar disorder	p. 661
TMS clinical trials involving patients with schizophrenia	p. 671
TMS in the study and treatment of anxiety disorders	p. 685
Movement disorders	p. 697
Brain stimulation in neurorehabilitation	p. 705
TMS and pain	p. 717
Index	p. 737
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