Oxidant Air Pollution Impacts in the Montane Forests of Southern California

by Oliver Clifton Taylor; Joe Rayl McBride; Paul R. Miler

• ISBN13: 9780387984933
• ISBN10: 0387984933
• Format: Nonspecific Binding
• Copyright: 2012-12-06
• Publisher: Springer Nature

Summary

Since the 1950s, the pines native to the San Bernardino Mountains in Southern California have shown symptoms of decline that have proven to result from exposure to ozone, a major plant-damaging gas in photochemical oxidant air pollution. Because of their proximity to major urban areas, the San Bernardino Mountains have served as a natural laboratory for studying effects of oxidant and acidic air pollution on a mixed-conifer forest. This volume presents a body of research conducted over more than thirty years, including an intensive interdisciplinary five-year study begun in 1991. Chapters include studies of the relationships of biogeography and climate to the region's air pollution, the chemical and physiological mechanisms of ozone injury, as well as the impacts of nitrogen-containing pollutants and natural stresses on polluted forests. The synthesis of such long-term studies provides insights into the combined influences of pollutants on ecosystem function in forested regions with Mediterranean-type climates.

Table of Contents

Foreword	v	(4)
O. Clifton Taylor
Acknowledgments	ix	(6)
Contributors	xv
Introduction	1	(6)
P.R. Miller
J.R. McBride
Section 1. Description of Soils, Climate, Natural Resources, and Their Modification by Anthropogenic Influences	7	(74)
1. Geography, Geology, Geomorphology, and Forest Soils	7	(21)
M.A. Poth
P. Wohlgemuth
2. Climatology	28	(16)
F.M. Fujioka
J.O. Roads
S.-C. Chen
3. Vegetation, Fire Regimes, and Forest Dynamics	44	(37)
Richard A. Minnich
Section 2. Effects of Ozone and Other Air Pollutants on Vegetation and Soils in the San Bernardino Mountains	81	(236)
4. Ambient Air Quality at Barton Flats and Other California Forests	81	(25)
John G. Watson
Judith C. Chow
Clifton A. Frazier
Barbara Hinsvark
Mark Green
5. Visibility Impairment in the San Bernardino Mountains	106	(20)
S. Copeland
6. Physiological Responses of Ponderosa Pine to Gradients of Environmental Stressors	126	(38)
N.E. Grulke
7. Temporal Changes in Crown Condition Indices, Needle Litterfall, and Collateral Needle Injuries of Ponderosa and Jeffrey Pines	164	(15)
P.R. Miller
J. Rechel
8. Air Pollution Effects on Growth of Ponderosa Pine, Jeffrey Pine, and Bigcone Douglas-Fir	179	(29)
M.J. Arbaugh
D.L. Peterson
P.R. Miller
9. Effects of Ozone on Understory Vegetation in the Mixed Conifer Forest	208	(15)
Patrick J. Temple
10. Epiphytic Lichens in the San Bernardino Mountains in Relation to Oxidant Gradients	223	(12)
T.H. Nash III
L.L. Sigal
11. Wet and Dry Pollutant Deposition to the Mixed Conifer Forest	235	(35)
A. Bytnerowicz
M.E. Fenn
P.R. Miller
M.J. Arbaugh
12. Direct Effects of Nitric Acid on Forest Trees	270	(18)
A. Bytnerowicz
P. Padgett
K. Percy
M. Krywult
G. Riechers
J. Hom
13. Nitrogen Deposition and Cycling in Mediterranean Forests: The New Paradigm of Nitrogen Excess	288	(29)
M.E. Fenn
M.A. Poth
Section 3. Interactions of Physical, Chemical, and Biological Factors and Their Influences on Forest Health and Forest Use	317	(80)
14. Insects and Pathogens in a Pollution-Stressed Forest	317	(21)
J. Pronos
L. Merrill
D. Dahlsten
15. Impact of Oxidant Air Pollutants on Forest Succession in the Mixed Conifer Forests of the San Bernardino Mountains	338	(15)
Joe R. McBride
Richard D. Laven
16. Simulated Effects of N Deposition, Ozone Injury, and Climate Change on a Forest Stand in the San Bernardino Mountains	353	(20)
M.J. Arbaugh
D.W. Johnson
W.M. Pulliam
17. Human Aspects of Air Quality in the San Bernardino Mountains	373	(24)
P.L. Winter
Section 4. Synthesis and Conclusions	397	(20)
18. Assessment of Ecological Risks and Implications for Policy and Management in the San Bernardino Mountains	397	(8)
P.R. Miller
J.R. McBride
19. Implications of Chronic Air Pollution in the San Bernardino Mountains for Forest Management and Future Research	405	(12)
J.R. McBride
P.R. Miller
Index	417