Oxidative Stress in Aquatic Ecosystems

by Abele, Doris; Vazquez-Medina, Jose Pablo; Zenteno-Savin, Tania

• ISBN13: 9781444335484
• ISBN10: 1444335480
• Edition: 1st
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 2011-11-21
• Publisher: Wiley-Blackwell

Summary

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are increasingly appreciated as down-stream effectors of cellular damage and dysfunction under natural and anthropogenic stress scenarios in aquatic systems. This comprehensive volume describes oxidative stress phenomena in different climatic zones and groups of organisms, taking into account specific habitat conditions and how they affect susceptibility to ROS damage. A comprehensive and detailed methods section is included which supplies complete protocols for analyzing ROS production, oxidative damage, and antioxidant systems. Methods are also evaluated with respect to applicability and constraints for different types of research. The authors are all internationally recognized experts in particular fields of oxidative stress research. This comprehensive reference volume is essential for students, researchers, and technicians in the field of ROS research, and also contains information useful for veterinarians, environmental health professionals, and decision makers.

Author Biography

Doris Abele is a marine animal physiologist, biochemist and marine ecologist. She has specialized in oxygen radical research since 1990. She leads a research group for "Stress Physiology and Aging in Marine Invertebrates" at the Alfred-Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research in Bremerhaven, Germany. Jos Pablo Vzquez-Medina is a marine biologist based at the University of California Merced. He studies the effects of fasting, diving and sleep apnea on oxidative stress and antioxidant metabolism in marine mammals. Tania Zenteno-Savn is a marine biologist at the Centra de Investigaciones Biolgicas del Noroeste (CIBNOR) in La Paz, Baja California Sur, Mexico. Her research focuses on comparative aspects of oxidative stress component's in marine organisms.

Table of Contents

Contributors	p. ix
Acknowledgments	p. xv
List of Abbreviations	p. xix
Introduction to Oxidative Stress in Aquatic Ecosystems	p. 1
Climate Regions and Special Habitats	p. 7
Oxidative Stress in Tropical Marine Ecosystems	p. 9
Oxidative Challenges in Polar Seas	p. 20
Oxidative Stress in Estuarine and Intertidal Environments (Temperate and Tropical)	p. 41
Oxidative Stress Tolerance Strategies of Intertidal Macroalgae	p. 58
Oxidative Stress in Aquatic Primary Producers as a Driving Force for Ecosystem Responses to Large-Scale Environmental Changes	p. 72
Migrating to the Oxygen Minimum Layer: Euphausiids	p. 89
Oxidative Stress in Sulfidic Habitats	p. 99
Iron in Coastal Marine Ecosystems: Role in Oxidative Stress	p. 115
Oxidative Stress in Coral-Photobiont Communities	p. 127
Aquatic Respiration and Oxygen Sensing	p. 139
Principles of Oxygen Uptake and Tissue Oxygenation in Water-Breathing Animals	p. 141
Oxidative Stress in Sharks and Rays	p. 157
Oxygen Sensing: The Role of Reactive Oxygen Species	p. 165
Ischemia/Reperfusion in Diving Birds and Mammals: How They Avoid Oxidative Damage	p. 178
Marine Animal Models for Aging, Development, and Disease	p. 191
Aging in Marine Animals	p. 193
Oxidative Stress and Antioxidant Systems in Crustacean Life Cycles	p. 208
Transfer of Free Radicals Between Proteins and Membrane Lipids: Implications for Aquatic Biology	p. 224
Immune Defense of Marine Invertebrates: The Role of Reactive Oxygen and Nitrogen Species	p. 236
Attack and Defense: Reactive Oxygen and Nitrogen Species in Teleost Fish Immune Response and the Coevolved Evasion of Microbes and Parasites	p. 247
Marine Animal Stress Response and Biomonitoring	p. 261
Stress Effects on Metabolism and Energy Budgets in Mollusks	p. 263
Starvation, Energetics, and Antioxidant Defenses	p. 281
Environmentally Induced Oxidative Stress in Fish	p. 295
Chemical Pollutants and the Mechanisms of Reactive Oxygen Species Generation in Aquatic Organisms	p. 308
Biomarkers of Oxidative Stress: Benefits and Drawbacks for Their Application in Biomonitoring of Aquatic Environments	p. 317
Methods of Oxidative Stress Detection	p. 327
Detection of Reactive Metabolites of Oxygen and Nitrogen	p. 329
Role of Singlet Molecular Oxygen in the Oxidative Damage to Biomolecules	p. 344
Total Oxyradical Scavenging Capacity Assay	p. 359
Spectrophotometric Assays of Antioxidants	p. 367
Evaluation of Glutathione Status in Aquatic Organisms	p. 381
Measurement of Antioxidant Pigments and Vitamins in Phytoplankton, Zooplankton, and Fish	p. 389
Carotenoid Analysis and Identification in Marine Animals	p. 402
Linoleic Acid Oxidation Products as Biomarkers of Oxidative Stress in Vivo	p. 412
The Classic Methods to Measure Oxidative Damage: Lipid Peroxides, Thiobarbituric-Acid Reactive Substances, and Protein Carbonyls	p. 420
Protein Carbonyl Measurement by Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay	p. 432
Evaluation of Malondialdehyde Levels	p. 440
The Use of Electron Paramagnetic Resonance in Studies of Oxidative Damage to Lipids in Aquatic Systems	p. 448
The Ascorbyl Radical/Ascorbate Ratio as an Index of Oxidative Stress in Aquatic Organisms	p. 458
Evaluation of Oxidative DNA Damage in Aquatic Animals: Comet Assays and 8-OXO-7,8-Dihidro-2'-Deoxyguanosine Levels	p. 465
Evaluation of DNA Adducts Formed by Lipid Peroxidation By-Products	p. 475
Methods to Quantify Lysosomal Membrane Stability and the Accumulation of Lipofuscin	p. 487
Index	p. 507
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