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List of Illustrations xiii
Foreword xviJanet Fireman
Preface xviii
Acknowledgments xxi
1 Beginnings: From Fire and Ice to Indian Homeland 1Timeline 2Landforms 2Climates 6Plants and Animals 8First Peoples and Their New Homeland 9Tribal and Linguistic Groupings 12Material Culture 14Religion and Social Practices 16Pacific Profile: Anthropologist Alfred L. Kroeber 19The Chumash: Pacific Coast Mariners and Traders 19Other Possible Early Voyagers to California 21
2 Spain's Greater California Coast 25Timeline 25A Name, a Dream, a Land 27Cabrillo's Coastal Reconnaissance 28Globalization Begins: The Manila Galleon Trade 30Drake, Nova Albion, and Cermeño 32The Spanish Pacific, Vizcaíno, and Monterey 34Colonizing California: Missions, Indians, and the Sea 35Ranchos, Presidios, and Pueblos 42Gender and Sexuality in a Frontier Society 44Pacific Profile: Alejandro Malaspina, Mariner-Explorer 45The TransPacific Fur Trade 46Hippolyte de Bouchard's Pirate Raids 48
3 A Globally Connected Mexican Province 53Timeline 53Mexico's Misrule of California 55Secularization of the Missions 56Hides, Tallow, and Rancho Society 59Fur Trappers 64Early Settlers and Overland Emigrants 66Pacific Profile: Alpheus B. Thompson, China Trader 70"Thar She Blows:" New England Whalers 71The Charles Wilkes Pacific Expedition 72
4 War and Gold: America's West Coast Eldorado 78Timeline 78California and the Pacific Squadron 80Jumping the Gun at Monterey 81Polk, the Pacific, and the Outbreak of War 84California and the Mexican War 88Gold, Ships, and Wagon Trains 91Pacific Profile: William H. Aspinwall, President of the Pacific MailSteamship Company 95The World Rushed In 96Life in the Diggings 97The Gold Rush's International Economic Impacts 100
5 National Crisis, Statehood, and Social Change 105Timeline 106A Constitution, a Legislature, a State 107Land Disputes and Independence Movements 110Vigilance Committees and Untamed Politicians 112Pacific Filibusterers 116California, the Pacific, and the Civil War 118Ocean Crossings: The Chinese on Sea and Land 120Pacific Profile: Norman Asing, Chinese American Restaurateur 123Californios and Other Spanish-Speakers 124Indians: A People under Siege 126African Americans: Up from Bondage 127
6 Pacific-Bound Rails, Hard Times, and Chinese Exclusion 132Timeline 133A Transcontinental Railroad, California, and Pacific Commerce 134Theodore Judah, the Big Four, and the Pacific Railroad Act of 1862 136Chinese Laborers and the Push Eastward 140The Southern Pacific Railroad and the American West 143Pacific Profile: Seafaring Journalist Charles Nordhoff 146Transpacific Steamers 147Depression and the Anti-Chinese Movement 148The Constitution of 1879 152Halting Chinese Immigration 153
7 Eldorado's Economic and Cultural Growth 158Timeline 158Water, Land, and Rural Development 160Commercial Agriculture 162Black and White Gold 166Interurban Railways and Southern California's Rise 168California's Maritime Economy 171Pacific Profile: David Laamea Kalakaua, King of Hawai'i and Visitor 175California and the Spanish-American-Cuban-Filipino War 176A Cosmopolitan Culture 178
8 Anti-Railroad Politics, Municipal Graft , and Labor Struggles 186Timeline 187The Battle of Mussel Slough 188An Angry Widow Sues: The Colton Letters 190Pacific Gateway: Locating a Harbor in Los Angeles 190Pacific Profile: Phineas Banning, Port of Los Angeles andSanta Catalina Promoter 192Debt Dodging Denounced 193The Southern Pacific Political Machine 194The "Queen City of the Pacific:" Boss Ruef 's San Francisco 195Foiled Reform: The 1906 San Francisco Earthquake and Graft Trials 197Maritime and Factory Labor 201Field Work and the Wheatland Riot 206
9 Governor Hiram Johnson and Pacific-Oriented Progressivism 211Timeline 212The Beginnings of Reform 213An "Aggressive Advocate" and the 1910 Election 215Regulating the Economy 216Democratizing Politics, Subsidizing Education 219Women's Suffrage and Public Morals 220Water: Cities in a State of Thirst 223Pacific Profile: George Freeth, Southern California Surfer Extraordinaire 226San Francisco, TransPacific Racial Tensions, and Angel Island 227African Americans, Hispanics and Filipinos, Sikhs, and Indians 230Maritime Trade and the Panama Pacific Exposition 232The Twilight of Progressivism 233
10 Good Times and Bad in a Pacific Rim Super State 238Timeline 239Mass Entertainment: Hollywood Movies, Pacific Fun Zones, and the Olympics 240Extending California's Water Infrastructure 242Agribusiness and Banking 244The 1920s Oil Boom 247Maritime Enterprises 248Transportation: Automobiles and Airplanes 250Pacific Profile: Charles Kingsford-Smith's TransPacific Flight 252Conservatism Restored 252Religious Awakenings and Developments 254Freedom-Minded and Other Women 255The Great Depression: Strikes and Panaceas 257Cultural Expression of a High Order 260
11 America's Pacific Bulwark: World War II and Its Aft ermath 267Timeline 268Military Installations: Forts, Naval Bases, and Airfields 269The Wages of War: Shipyards, Aircraft Plants, and Universities 270Opportunities and Prejudice: Women and Minorities 274Japanese Imprisonment 277Pacific Profile: Jeanne Wakatsuki Houston, Manzanar Inmate and Writer 281The Postwar Military-Industrial Complex and International Relations 282Population Growth, Housing, and Discrimination 284Green Gold: Agribusiness and Labor 287Governor Earl Warren: Progressive Republican 288Richard Nixon and the Anti-Communist Crusade 290
12 Liberalism at High Tide 295Timeline 296Prosperity, Suburbanization, and Consumerism 297Entertainment Media, Sports, and Amusement Parks 300The San Francisco Renaissance and the Arts 302Politics: Goodwin Knight, Pat Brown, and Reforming Government Operations 305Enhancing the Super State: Water, Transit, and Universities 306Students in Dissent, Campuses in Revolt 309Pacific Profile: S.I. Hayakawa, San Francisco State College President 312Minorities and Women 313Coastal Counterculture in the 1960s 317
13 "Gold Coast" Conservatism and the Politics of Limits 323Timeline 324From Ultra-Right-Wingers to Mainstream Suburban Warriors 326Ronald Reagan: The "Cowboy" Governor 328Governor Jerry Brown: The Zen of Politics and Frugality 331Crime and Racial Tensions 334Business and Labor 336Pacific Profile: Jerry Yang, Co-founder and CEO, Yahoo! Inc. 340Protecting the Environment and Supplying Energy 341Governor George Deukmejian's Right Turn 345Voter Resentment, Term Limits, and Wedge Politics 346Governor Pete Wilson and a Roller-Coaster Economy 347Architecture and Fine Arts, Sports, and Entertainment 350
14 The Ongoing Pacific Shift 356Timeline 357Immigration, Diversity, and the Politics of Multiculturalism 359Pacific Profile: Novelist Isabel Allende 364Governor Gray Davis: An Able Moderate under Fire 365The "Governator:" Arnold Schwarzenegger 366Infrastructure Matters: Schools, Transportation, Health Care, and Prisons 369The High-Stakes Gubernatorial Election of 2010 372An Economic and Political Colossus 374Major Environmental and Energy Challenges 381The Pacific, the U.S Military, and California 383Still the Pacific Eldorado 384Summary 385
Review Questions 386Further Readings 387
Appendix: Governors of California, 1768–2012 389
Index 392
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