Parallel Computing for Real-Time Signal Processing and Control

by Tokhi, M. O.; Hossain, M. A.; Shaheed, M. H.

• ISBN13: 9781852335991
• ISBN10: 1852335998
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2003-03-01
• Publisher: Springer Verlag

Summary

The computing performance demands of modern real-time signal processing and control applications are increasing rapidly. The use of multiple processors operating in parallel allows several instructions to be dealt with simultaneously, so the requirement for "real-time" is now much easier to meet. Parallel Computing for Real-time Signal Processing and Control introduces students to the advantages of this important capability within an engineering framework. The ability of parallel processing to deal with common signal processing and control algorithms is explored. The book: a?? Emphasises the relationship between the computing requirements of algorithms and the appropriate choice of architectures in successful computing strategies. a?? Demonstrates the identification of processor capabilities and how to exploit them to the fullest for different tasks. a?? Clearly states objectives in each chapter to allow the student to monitor his/her progress. a?? Uses examples and end-of-chapter exercises to facilitate self-study and guided tuition. a?? Offers case studies that put theoretical concepts into a practical context. Written in a tutorial style with a logical exploratory approach, Parallel Computing for Real-time Signal Processing and Control is an ideal introduction to this powerful paradigm. For advanced students in parallel computing, control and signal processing disciplines, it will be an invaluable tool in learning to get the best from their computer systems.

Table of Contents

Introduction	1	(22)
Objectives	1	(1)
Parallel Processing: Concepts and Evolution	1	(3)
Real-time Systems and Parallel Processing	4	(2)
Basic Components of Parallel Processing	6	(1)
Parallel Processing: Tasks, Processes, Processors and Basic Characteristics	7	(1)
Task	7	(1)
Process	7	(1)
Processor	7	(1)
Basic Characteristics	7	(1)
Levels of Parallelism	8	(1)
Parallel Processing: Steps Involved	9	(1)
Decomposition	9	(1)
Assigning Tasks to Processes	10	(1)
Orchestration	10	(1)
Mapping Processes to Processors for Execution	10	(1)
Parallel Processing: Advantages	10	(3)
Speedup	10	(1)
Scaleup	11	(2)
Fault Tolerance	13	(1)
Cost-to-Performance Ratio	13	(1)
Handling Larger Tasks	13	(1)
Factors Influencing Performance	13	(3)
Amount of Inherent Parallelism Present in the Algorithm	13	(1)
Structuring Tasks	14	(1)
Synchronisation	14	(1)
Overhead	14	(1)
Message Passing	15	(1)
Parallel Processing: Some Applications	16	(2)
Weather Forecasting	16	(1)
Motion of Astronomical Bodies	16	(1)
Database Management	16	(1)
Satellite, Radar and Sonar Applications	17	(1)
Aerospace Applications	17	(1)
Robotics Applications	17	(1)
Signal Processing and Control	18	(1)
Algorithms and Architectures	18	(1)
Signal Processing and Control Algorithms	18	(1)
Research Scope	19	(1)
Summary	20	(1)
Exercises	20	(3)
Parallel Architectures	23	(32)
Objectives	23	(1)
Introduction	23	(1)
Classifications	24	(27)
Flynn's Classification	24	(5)
Classification Based on Memory Arrangement and Communication among PEs	29	(2)
Classification Based on Interconnections between PEs and Memory Modules	31	(10)
Classification Based on Characteristic Nature of Processing Elements	41	(2)
Specific Types of Parallel Architectures	43	(8)
Summary	51	(1)
Exercises	52	(3)
Performance Evaluation Issues in Real-time Computing	55	(26)
Objectives	55	(1)
Introduction	55	(2)
Performance Evaluation Issues	57	(7)
Hardware	57	(3)
Algorithms	60	(1)
Software Issues	61	(1)
Cost Consideration	62	(2)
Case Study	64	(14)
Interprocessor Communication	65	(4)
Compiler Efficiency	69	(2)
Code Optimisation	71	(7)
Summary	78	(1)
Exercises	78	(3)
Performance Metrics	81	(30)
Objectives	81	(1)
Introduction	81	(3)
Sequential Processing	84	(1)
Parallel Processing	85	(6)
Homogeneous Architectures	85	(3)
Heterogeneous Architectures	88	(2)
Task-to-Processor Allocation	90	(1)
Interpretations	91	(10)
Linear Characterisation over Task Sizes Greater Than Zero	91	(2)
Linear Characterisation over a Range of Task Sizes	93	(3)
Piece-wise Linear Characterisation	96	(5)
Case Study	101	(7)
Sequential Computing	102	(1)
Homogeneous Parallel Computing	103	(1)
Heterogeneous Parallel Computing	104	(4)
Summary	108	(1)
Exercises	108	(3)
Parallel Programming and Multithreading	111	(26)
Objectives	111	(1)
Introduction	111	(2)
Parallel Programming Languages	113	(1)
Procedural Programming Languages	113	(1)
Non-procedural Programming Languages	113	(1)
Parallel Programming Model	114	(1)
Multithreading in Multiprocessing	115	(4)
Thread or Process Synchronisation	116	(1)
Interprocess Communication	117	(1)
Scheduling and Mapping	117	(1)
Granularity for Parallel Thread Execution	118	(1)
Sharing Process Resources	118	(1)
Case Study	119	(15)
Concurrent Multithreading for Flexible Beam Simulation	119	(5)
Concurrent Multithreading with Visual and File I/O	124	(4)
Performance Comparison with Concurrent Programs	128	(6)
Summary	134	(1)
Exercises	134	(3)
Algorithm Analysis and Design	137	(38)
Objectives	137	(1)
Introduction	137	(2)
Data and Control Dependencies of Algorithms	139	(1)
Granularity and Regularity	140	(1)
Analysis of Algorithms with Computational Aspects	141	(18)
Adaptive Active Vibration Control	141	(6)
Adaptive Filtering	147	(4)
Spectral Analysis	151	(4)
Flexible Manipulator System	155	(4)
Case Study	159	(13)
Algorithm Design	159	(7)
Experimentation and Results	166	(6)
Summary	172	(1)
Exercises	173	(2)
Microprocessors: The Processing Elements of Parallel Architectures	175	(32)
Objectives	175	(1)
Introduction	175	(1)
Microprocessors: Classification	176	(4)
Classification Based on Application	177	(2)
Classification Based on Nature of Instruction Set	179	(1)
Microprocessor: Evolution and Features	180	(24)
General-purpose Processors	180	(15)
Special-purpose Processors	195	(9)
A Comparative Overview	204	(1)
Summary	205	(1)
Exercises	205	(2)
Real-time Performances: Algorithms vs Architectures	207	(22)
Objectives	207	(1)
Introduction	207	(1)
Adaptive Active Vibration Control	208	(6)
Beam Simulation Algorithm	209	(2)
Identification Algorithm	211	(2)
Control Algorithm	213	(1)
Adaptive Filtering	214	(3)
LMS Filter	215	(1)
RLS Filter	215	(1)
Relative Performances of the Architectures	216	(1)
Spectral Analysis	217	(4)
Correlation	219	(1)
FFT	220	(1)
Relative Performances of the Architectures	221	(1)
Flexible Manipulator System	221	(4)
Comparative Performances of the Architectures	225	(1)
Uniprocessor Architectures	225	(1)
Multiprocessor Architectures	225	(1)
Summary	226	(1)
Exercises	227	(2)
Appendix A. List of Abbreviations	229	(4)
Appendix B. Hardware and Software Resources	233	(12)
B.1 Hardware Resources	233	(6)
B.1.1 Processing Elements	234	(2)
B.1.2 Parallel Architectures	236	(3)
B.2 Software Support	239	(1)
B.3 Other Supporting Resources	240	(5)
B.3.1 TMB Motherboard	240	(3)
B.3.2 The TTM110 Board	243	(1)
B.3.3 Transtech Matchbox	244	(1)
B.3.4 The TDMB410 Motherboard	244	(1)
References	245	(6)
Index	251