Parasites and Pathogens of Insects

by Beckage; Thompson; Federici

• ISBN13: 9780120844418
• ISBN10: 0120844419
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 1993-07-29
• Publisher: Elsevier Science

Summary

Both volumes of Parasites and Pathogens of Insects provide in-depth coverage of the interface between insect parasites and pathogens and hosts, and explore the relationships between these partners. They emphasize biochemical and molecular interactions, basic biology, and the roles of hormones, receptors, and other cellular components in modulating interactions between host insects and attacking agents. These topics also are assessed in relation to biotechnology and biological control. In the short term, these volumes fill a void in current literature by emphasizing basic interactions at the biochemical and molecular levels. In the long term, these interactions may provide avenues for exploitation to enhance the rate of "beneficial" parasitism or to reduce the rates of disease transmission and infection of vertebrate hosts. Key Features * Presents the latest information on insect parasites and pathogens * Describes biochemical and molecular host-parasite and host-pathogen relationships * Covers mechanisms of insect pathogenicity and resistance * Provides exceptional breadth of coverage and authoritative reviews * Special topics * Transposable elements in insect pathogens * Co-evolution and gene transfer between hosts and invaders * Biological control

Table of Contents

Contents of Volume 2	xi
Contributors	xiii
Preface	xv
Patterns of Development in Insect Parasites
M. Mackauer
R. Sequeira
Introduction	1	(2)
The Idiobiont-Koinobiont Dichotomy	3	(1)
Patterns of Parasite Development and Growth	4	(5)
Parasite Development and Host Ecology	9	(3)
Developmental Strategies	12	(4)
Conclusions	16	(9)
Acknowledgment	17	(1)
References	17	(8)
Games Parasites Play: The Dynamic Roles of Proteins and Peptides in the Relationship between Parasite and Host
Nancy E. Beckage
Parasitism-Induced Changes: Host Responses or Parasite-Directed Host Manipulation?	25	(5)
Parasitism- and Polydnavirus-Induced Peptides and Proteins in Insect Hosts	30	(13)
Parasitic Effects on Endogeneous Host Proteins, Enzymes, and Peptides	43	(5)
Comparisons with Parasitism- and Virus-Induced Changes in Other Systems	48	(11)
Acknowledgments	51	(1)
References	52	(7)
Hormonal Interactions between Insect Endoparasites and Their Host Insects
Pauline O. Lawrence
Beatrice Lanzrein
Introduction and Terminology	59	(2)
Hormones Controlling Insect Development: An Overview	61	(3)
Parasite Hormones Relative to Those of Their Hosts	64	(2)
Direct or Indirect Host Endocrine Effects on Endoparasites	66	(4)
Direct or Indirect Effects of Endoparasites on Host Endocrine System	70	(6)
Limitations	76	(2)
Possible Solutions	78	(1)
Summary	79	(8)
Acknowledgments	80	(1)
References	80	(7)
Reproductive Disturbances Induced by Parasites and Pathogens of Insects
Hilary Hurd
Introduction	87	(1)
Microparasites	88	(5)
Nematodes	93	(3)
Cestodes	96	(2)
Endoparasitic Insects	98	(2)
Conclusions	100	(7)
References	100	(7)
Behavioral Effects of Parasites and Pathogens in Insect Hosts
David R. Horton
Janice Moore
Introduction	107	(1)
Review of Altered Behavior in Parasitized Insects	108	(3)
Potential Benefits to Parasite	111	(2)
Potential Benefits to Host	113	(1)
Considerations for Future Research	114	(11)
Acknowledgments	118	(1)
References	118	(7)
Redirection of Host Metabolism and Effects on Parasite Nutrition
S. N. Thompson
Introduction	125	(1)
Insect Parasitism and Host Viability	126	(1)
Altered Metabolite Levels in Host Tissues	127	(3)
Metabolic Alteration in Insect Hosts	130	(2)
Basis for Metabolic Alterations: Hormones, Viruslike Particles, and Parasite Mediation	132	(2)
Nutritional Consequences of Metabolic Redirection and Physiological Alteration	134	(2)
``Host Regulation'' and Its Role in Redirecting Host Metabolism and Physiology	136	(3)
Enantiostasis and Metabolic Regulation	139	(1)
Conclusion	140	(5)
References	140	(5)
Teratocytes: Developmental and Biochemical Characteristics
Douglas L. Dahlman
S. Bradleigh Vinson
Introduction	145	(1)
Origins	146	(1)
Distribution within Taxonomic Groups	147	(1)
Developmental Characteristics	148	(5)
Physiological and Biochemical Characteristics	153	(7)
Interactions of Teratocytes, Venoms, and Polydnavirus	160	(1)
Conclusion and Summary	160	(7)
Acknowledgments	161	(1)
References	161	(6)
The Polydnavirus Life Cycle
Donald B. Stoltz
Introduction	167	(2)
Life Cycle	169	(10)
Future Directions	179	(10)
Acknowledgments	184	(1)
References	184	(5)
Polydnavirus Genome Organization
Jo-Ann G. W. Flemming
Peter J. Krell
Introduction	189	(1)
Polydnaviruses as Part of Biological Systems	190	(1)
Multipartite Genome Structure	191	(5)
Genome Packaging	196	(2)
Intraspecific Genomic Complexity	198	(1)
Transcription and Gene Families	199	(9)
Polydnavirus Transmission, Integration, and Replication	208	(7)
Polydnavirus Evolution	215	(6)
Conclusions	221	(6)
Acknowledgments	221	(1)
References	221	(6)
Venoms of Parasitic Hymenoptera as Investigatory Tools
Davy Jones
Thomas Coudron
Introduction	227	(1)
Uses of Venoms in Addressing Questions in Various Scientific Fields	228	(13)
Conclusions	241	(4)
Acknowledgments	241	(1)
References	242	(3)
Biochemical and Molecular Basis of Mosquito Susceptibility to Plasmodium and Filarioid Nematodes
Bruce M. Christensen
David W. Severson
Introduction	245	(2)
Immune Mechanisms in Mosquitoes	247	(8)
Genetic Control of Susceptibility/Refractoriness	255	(12)
Acknowledgments	261	(1)
References	261	(6)
Cellular Defense Responses of Insects: Unresolved Problems
Norman A. Ratcliffe
Introduction	267	(1)
Main Events in Insect Immune Reactivity	268	(5)
Specific Problems in Insect Immunity	273	(32)
Acknowledgments	298	(1)
References	298	(7)
The Response to Foreign Tissue Transplants in Insects
Richard D. Karp
Introduction: What Is the Significance of Studying Graft Rejection in Insects?	305	(1)
Historical Perspective	306	(6)
Mediation and Regulation of the Roach Graft Response	312	(2)
Discussion and Conclusions: Where Do We Go from Here?	314	(4)
Acknowledgments	315	(1)
References	315	(3)
Regulation of Insect Hemolymph Phenoloxidases
Manickam Sugumaran
Michael R. Kanost
Introduction	318	(1)
Prophenoloxidase Activation	319	(7)
Control Mechanisms of the Cascade	326	(9)
Conclusion	335	(8)
References	338	(5)
Index to Volumes 1 and 2	343