Parasitic-Aware Optimization of Cmos Rf Circuits

by Allstot, David James; Choi, Kiyong; Park, Jinho

• ISBN13: 9781402073991
• ISBN10: 1402073992
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 2003-03-01
• Publisher: Kluwer Academic Pub

Summary

In the arena of Parasitic-Aware Design of CMOS RF Circuits, efforts are aimed at the realization of true single-chip radios with few, if any, off-chip components. Ironically, the on-chip passive components required for RF integration pose miore serious challenges to SOC integration than the active CMOS and BJT devices. This is not surprising since modern digital IC designs are dominated as much, or more, by interconnectg characteristics than by active device properties. In any event, the co-integration of active and passive devices in RFIC design represents a serious design problem and an even more daunting manufacturing challenge. If conventional mixed-signal design techniques are employed, parasitics associated with passive elements (resistors, capacitors, inductors, transformers, pads, etc.) and the package effectively de-tune RF circuits rendering them sub-optimal or virtually useless. Hence, dealing with parasitics in an effective way as part of the design process is an essential emerging methodology in modern SOC design. The parasitic-aware RF circuit synthesis techinques described in this book effectively address this critical problem.

Table of Contents

Dedication	v
Contributing Authors	xiii
Preface	1	(1)
Part I: Background On Parasitic-Aware Optimization	1	(64)
Introduction	3	(6)
Introduction	3	(2)
Overview of Wireless Transceivers	5	(2)
Outline of The Book	7	(2)
Modeling of On-Chip Passive and Active Components	9	(30)
Monolithic Inductors	9	(15)
Background on Monolithic Inductors	9	(1)
Monolithic Inductor Realizations	10	(1)
Monolithic Inductor Models	11	(2)
Expressions for the Lumped Inductor Model	13	(2)
Monolithic Transformers	15	(3)
Monolithic 3-D Structures	18	(2)
Parasitic-Aware Inductor Model	20	(4)
Monolithic Varactors	24	(7)
Diode Varactor	24	(1)
Inversion-Mode MOS Varactors	25	(5)
Accumulation-Mode Mosfet	30	(1)
MOS Transistors	31	(8)
MOS Transistor High Frequency Model	31	(3)
Noise Model of MOS Transistor	34	(5)
Parasitic-Aware Optimization	39	(26)
Gradient Decent Optimization	40	(1)
Simulated Annealing	41	(3)
Simulated Annealing with Tunneling Process	44	(8)
Tunneling Process	44	(3)
Local Optimization Algorithm	47	(2)
Adaptive Temp Coefficient Determination	49	(1)
Comparison between SA and ASAT	50	(2)
Genetic Algorithm (GA)	52	(3)
Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO)	55	(7)
Particle Swarm Optimization Algorithm Theory	55	(4)
Optimization Procedure	59	(1)
Optimization Parameters	60	(2)
Post PVT Variation Optimization	62	(3)
Part II: Optimization of CMOS RF Circuits	65	(96)
Optimization of CMOS Low Noise Amplifiers	67	(22)
Low Noise Amplifier	67	(9)
Noise	67	(1)
Thermal noise	67	(2)
Noise figure	69	(1)
Linearity	70	(1)
1dB gain compression point	70	(2)
Two-tone test (IIP2 and IIP3)	72	(4)
Design of Low Noise Amplifier	76	(4)
Optimization of Low Noise Amplifiers	80	(9)
Calculating Gate Induced Noise in Spice	80	(1)
Calculating Noise Figure in Spice	81	(1)
Saving Optimization Time	82	(2)
Cost Function	84	(1)
Parameters to be Optimized	84	(1)
Optimization Simulation Result	84	(5)
Optimization of CMOS Mixers	89	(16)
Mixer	89	(1)
Single Balanced Mixer	90	(7)
Conversion Gain	91	(1)
Linearity	92	(1)
IIP3	92	(1)
Calculating IIP3 and conversion power gain	93	(2)
Noise Figure	95	(1)
DSB and SSB	95	(1)
PSS simulation	96	(1)
LO Leakage	96	(1)
Double Balanced Mixer	97	(1)
Design of Mixers	98	(1)
Optimization of Mixers	99	(6)
Cost Function	99	(1)
Parameter to be Optimized	100	(1)
Optimization Simulation Results	100	(5)
Optimization of CMOS Oscillators	105	(18)
CMOS Oscillators	105	(4)
Phase Noise	109	(4)
Effects of Phase Noise	109	(2)
Lesson Phase Noise Model	111	(1)
Hajimiri Phase Noise Model	112	(1)
Design of VCO	113	(2)
Optimization of CMOS VCO	115	(8)
Optimization of VCO	116	(1)
Optimization Results	117	(6)
Optimization of CMOS RF Power Amplifiers	123	(22)
RF Power Amplifiers	123	(14)
Linear Amplifier: Class-A, B, AB, and C	124	(1)
Class-A Power Amplifier	124	(2)
Class-B Amplifier	126	(1)
Class-C Amplifier and Class-AB Amplifier	127	(4)
Nonlinear Power Amplifiers: Class-F and Class-E	131	(1)
Class-F PA	132	(2)
Class-E PA	134	(3)
Design of Power Amplifier	137	(1)
Optimization of Power Amplifier	137	(4)
Post PVT Optimization	141	(4)
Optimization of Ultra-Wideband Amplifiers	145	(16)
CMOS Ultra-Wideband Amplifiers	145	(7)
Distributed Amplification Theory	145	(3)
CMOS Distributed Amplifier	148	(1)
Effects of Loss in CMOS Distributed Amplifiers	149	(3)
Design of CMOS Ultra-Wideband Amplifier	152	(3)
Optimization of CMOS Ultra-Wideband Amplifier	155	(6)
Optimization of a CMOS Distributed Amplifier	156	(1)
Optimization Results	156	(5)
Index	161